12. Labor and Unions
![Introduction to Micro](https://cdn.mises.org/styles/responsive_4_3_650w/s3/static-page/img/Introduction%20to%20Micro_Rothbard.jpg.webp?itok=fDhAV-Y4 650w,https://cdn.mises.org/styles/responsive_4_3_870w/s3/static-page/img/Introduction%20to%20Micro_Rothbard.jpg.webp?itok=Iolwd_9u 870w,https://cdn.mises.org/styles/responsive_4_3_1090w/s3/static-page/img/Introduction%20to%20Micro_Rothbard.jpg.webp?itok=0TTkXrCF 1090w,https://cdn.mises.org/styles/responsive_4_3_1310w/s3/static-page/img/Introduction%20to%20Micro_Rothbard.jpg.webp?itok=yiEarfSS 1310w,https://cdn.mises.org/styles/responsive_4_3_1530w/s3/static-page/img/Introduction%20to%20Micro_Rothbard.jpg.webp?itok=8XJLcfb6 1530w)
In order for anyone to make ethical judgments, he must know the consequences of his various actions. In questions of union actions displacement or unemployment for oneself or others will be considered unfortunate by most people. Once understood, far fewer people will be prounion or hostile to nonunion competitors. Unions lower the marginal productivity of all union workers.
Part 12 of 14. Presented in 1986 at New York Polytechnic University.