Back Door to War: The Roosevelt Foreign Policy 1933-1941

Index

ABC-1 Staff Agreement, 609, 630

Abyssinia. See Ethiopia

Addis, Sir Charles, 61

Addis Ababa, 184, 194, 205, 318;

capture of, 255; Treaty of, 166

Aduwa, 166, 179

African Exploration and Development Company, 184

Aglen, Sir Francis, 71

Albania, 231, 515, 516-17

Albuquerque Journal, 293, 302, 349

Algeciras Conference, 166

Allen, Gen. Henry T., 22

Allen, Senator, 232

Allenstein, 19

Almeria, 338

Aloisi, Baron Pompeo, 188, 230, 254

Alsace-Lorraine, 274

Alsop, Joseph, 610

Altmark incident, 580-81

Amau, 133-34, 136, 157, 158

Amba Aradam, 250

America (national weekly), 315, 346, 479

American Army of Occupation (1923), payment of costs for, 26

American Aviation (periodical), 353

American Commission of Inquiry, 16

American Jewish Congress, 332

American Standard Vacuum Oil Company, 142

American Zeppelin Transport, Inc., 351

Anglo-American policy in 1898, 3

Anglo-French Purchasing Commission, 587

Anglo-German Naval Agreement, 301-2, 303, 520

Anglo-Italian Agreement, 260, 261

Anglo-Japanese alliance of 1902, 3

Der Angriff, 333-34

Anschluss. See Austria

Anti-Comintern Pact, 156, 320, 444, 506

Antigua, 599

Anti-Semitism, 25, 40, 49, 266, 268, 273, 275, 278, 282-84, 306, 385, 387, 433-37, 439, 577

Antung-Mukden Railway, 94 n.

Aoki, Lieut.-Col. Seiichi, 138

Argentina, 213, 441

Arita, Japanese Foreign Minister, 158

Arms embargo, 219, 220, 221, 222, 236, 237, 238, 245-47, 561-66

Arms Reduction Conference, 193 n.

Assab, 165

Associated Board of Christian Colleges in China, 499

Astakhov, Russian chargé d’affaires, 533, 537

Astor, Viscountess, 394

Athenia, (S.S.), 567, 570

Atlanta Constitution, 39, 105, 279, 296, 320, 338, 429, 430, 477, 573

Atlantic Conference of Roosevelt and Churchill, 639-40

Augusta (U.S.S.), 469

Auslandsorganization, 357

Australia, 259, 630

Austria, 187, 231, 235, 330, 331; conquest of approved by Mussolini, 382-83; debts of, 358, 43839; independence of, 331; occupied by Germany, 359-61, 383; plebiscite on independence of, 378; relations of with Germany, 371-88

Ave Maria (magazine), 346, 479, 600

Avenol, Joseph, 473

Avvenire d’ltalia (periodical), 336

Azores meeting, 580

Badoglio, Marshal Pietro, 241, 250

Bahamas, 597 n., 599

Bailby (French journalist), 234

Baker, Newton D., 106, 181

Balbo, Marshal Italo, 387

Baldwin, Stanley, 243

Balearic Islands, 359

Balfour, Arthur James, 51-52

Baltic countries, 303, 526

Baltimore Sun, 40, 64, 74, 310, 319, 320

Bancroft, George, 46

Bank for International Settlements, 31

Barbarin (Soviet official), 537

Barmine, Alexander, 154

Barron’s, 321

Barry, Canon F. R., 225

Barton, Bruce, 352

Barton, Sir Sidney, 242 n.

Baudouin, Paul, 447

Beard, Charles A., 343

Beck, Col. Josef, 200, 248, 360, 509, 510-13, 514, 524, 539

Beck, Gen. Ludwig von, 408-9

Beedy, Carroll L., 74

Beer, George L., 15, 16

Belgium, 311, 532, 535, 585, 590; neutrality of, 324, 328, 329; on commission for partition of Upper Silesia, 20

Beneš, Eduard, 177, 284, 395, 397, 400, 402-5, 414-15, 421-22, 453

Berchtesgaden, 319, 363, 365, 407, 411-15, 509

Berding, Col. Andrew, 48

Berger, David, 159

Berle, Adolf A., 421

Berlin-Rome Axis, 373

Berliner Tageblatt, 266, 308

Bermuda, 597 n., 599

Bernstorff, Count Johann-Heinrich von, 25

Bevan, Edwyn, 14

Bingham, Robert W., 202-3, 302

Bingham, Senator, 219-20

Birmingham News, 293, 320, 349, 477

Black, Senator Hugo, 343, 476-77

Blomberg, Field Marshal Werner von, 359, 374

Blücher, General Vasili, 69

Blücher (German warship), 582

Blue Nile, 248, 263 n.

Blum, Léon, 321, 323, 324, 331

B’nai Israel Jewish Centre, 387-88

Boer War, 3

Bogomolov, M., 129

Bohemia, 361, 453

Bohle, Dr. E. W., 357

Boise Idaho Daily Statesman, 332

Bolivia, 219

Bolshevism, 25, 41, 56

Bonnet, Georges, 321-22, 327, 397, 446-47

Bono, General Emilio de, 170

Books, burning of, in Germany, 40

Borah, Senator William E., 62-63, 64, 65, 102, 216-17, 219, 270, 521, 563

Borchard, Edwin M., 108, 215, 563-64, 599

Borneo, 619

Borodin, Mikhail, 59, 60, 77

Bossard, Samuel B., 272

Boston Daily Globe, 104, 295

Boston livening Transcript, 39, 107, 180, 324, 429

Boston Herald, 106, 345, 478

Boston Post, 345, 478

Boxer Rebellion indemnity, 60

Boy Scouts of America, 265

Bradstreet’s, 108

Brauchitsch, Walther von, 374, 409, 607

Brazil, on commission for partition of Upper Silesia, 20

Bremen incident, 303-5

Brenner Pass, 1940 meeting in, 579, 580

Briand, Aristide, 32, 35

Briggs, Herbert, 599

Brinon, Count Ferdinand de, 447

Britain, American opinion of, 7; arbitration with Italy, 178-79; attitude of churches to League of Nations, 225; attitude to Russo-Japanese treaties, 4; bases exchanged for U.S. destroyers, 596-99; bases in France and Belgium, 307-8; colonies, 253; decides not to defend Czechoslovakia, 393-409; declares German blockade, 567-70; declares war on Germany, 553; efforts at understanding with Italy, 380-82; fleet of, 202, 207; interests in Shanghai, 102; negotiations over North Africa, 167; negotiations with Ethiopia, 184-85; policy towards Poland, 511-14; proposals to U.S.S.R. for Mutual Assistance Pact, 526-32, 534-37, 539; recognition of Italian claims to North Africa by, 165-68; recognition of Italian claims to Ethiopia by, 25861; searches U.S. vessels, 568-70; submits proposal to President Beneš, 415-16; textile exports vis-à-vis Japan, 130-40; trade agreements with U.S. and Canada, 44142; White Paper, 297, 298, 299

British Guiana, 597 n., 599

British Somaliland, 178, 179

British West Indies, 565

Brockman, Fletcher S., 59

Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 325, 332

Broome (U.S.S.) 608

Brown, Constantine, 134

Brüning, Heinrich, 17, 33-35, 41, 174

Brussels Agreement of 1919, 24

Brussels Conference of 1937, 48588

Buell, Raymond Leslie, 113, 344

Bullitt, William C., 317, 321, 466, 517-18, 535-36, 618-19; conferences in Poland and Germany, 360-62; on French Navy, 591, 594; estimate of German situation in 1939, 555-57; on U.S. involvement in Europe, 322

Bülow, Bernhard von, 182, 268

Burma, 618

Burma Road, 623, 627

Butler, Nicholas Murray, 46 n., 344

Byas, Hugh, 97

Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 492-93, 639

California, Japanese immigration into, 5

Camelots du Roi, 225

Cameroons, 15, 366

Canada, 259, 441-42

Canaris, Admiral, 408

Cape of Hanko, 572

Capper, Senator Arthur, 218

Cárdenas, Lázaro, President of Mexico, 559

Caribbean Sea, 591, 594, 596

Carter, Boake, 478

Castle, William R., 115,173

Catholic opinion on intervention, 600

Catholic World, 315, 346, 479, 600

Cecil, Lord Hugh, 259

Cedar Rapids Gazette, 555

Celler, Emmanuel, 341

Central European Pact, 296

Centrist Party, 24

Chamberlain, Neville, 232, 240 n.; American opinion of, 428-29; and guarantee of Czech integrity, 447-48; and Hitler at Berchtesgaden, 411-13;—at Godesburg, 415-18; appeasement policy of, 380-81, treaty arrangements of with Poland, 543

Chambrun, Comte Rene de, French Ambassador, 179, 196, 202

Chang Hsueh-liang, 87, 90, 91

Chang Tso-lin, 87

Chang Tzu-chung, 462

Chase National Bank, 280 n.

Chattanooga Daily Times, 349

Chautemps, Camille, French Premier, 362, 366-67

Ch’en, Eugene, 61, 76

Chengtu incident, 158

Chiang Kai-shek, 60, 76, 77, 87, 90-91, 96, 112, 144-45, 163, 644; attempts to negotiate with Japan, 464, 484; moves government to Chungking, 495; refuses help from Russia, 466; requests peace conference called by Roosevelt, 496-97; taken prisoner, 156; views on South Manchuria Railway Loan, 83

Chiang Kai-shek, Madame, 474, 649

Chicago Daily News, 104, 268, 286, 294, 302, 320, 344, 477

Chicago Tribune, 74, 105, 107, 295, 301, 346, 429, 477

China, 51-79; American investments in, 5; antiforeign riots in, 61, 63-65, 75; anti-Japanese activity in, 93, 158-60, 163; appeals to League re Manchuria, 473, 474-75; attitude of after Washington Conference, 58; bombing of American vessels, 469-70; boycotts against Japan, 94-95; Canton occupied by Japan, 495; on commission for partition of Upper Silesia, 20; demand of treaty revision, 70-75; extraterritorial rights in, 62, 64, 65, 72, 73, 77; hostilities with Japan, 164; interests of Japan in Shantung, 51-52; issues appeal to nations of Nine-Power Treaty, 472; military aid from Russia, 456; missionary influence in, 66-67, 499; movement of troops into Jehol, 124-25; puppet governments, 492; status after Russo-Japanese War, 4; trade with U.S., 497-99; treaties of May 1915, 94; treaty with Russia in 1924, 60; treaty with Russia in 1932, 136-37; Tsinan incident, 85-87

Chinese Eastern Railway, 87-90, 91, 92, 138, 148

Chinese Hukuang Railways loan, 54-58

Christian Century, 66, 315, 346, 479

Christian Science Monitor, 38, 298, 301, 319, 429, 562

Chungking bombings, 616-17, 622

Churchill, Winston S., conference with Roosevelt at Newfoundland, 639-40; correspondence with Roosevelt, 587-88; opinion of Italo-Ethiopian conflict, 263;—of Laval’s position, 242;—of Norwegian neutrality, 580-82; questions France regarding “Mediterranean Locarno,” 390-92; requests destroyers from U.S., 587; on solution of European crisis, 578

Chu Teh, 155, 468

Chvalkovsky, 452, 453

Ciano, Count Galeazzo, 190, 261, 319, 515-17, 549, 584-85

Cincinnati Enquirer, 38, 108, 278, 299, 302, 310, 345, 477

City of Flint (S.S.), 570-71

Clark, Senator Bennett Champ, 595

Clemenceau, Georges, 10, 12, 578

Cleveland Plain Dealer, 4, 104, 106, 293, 297, 573

Cleveland Press, 429

Coar, John F., 268-69

Cobb, Irving S., 118

Codes, 491, 635, 650

Cohen, Benjamin, 595, 598

Colby, Bainbridge, 281

Colonies, 14-16, 44, 330-31, 360, 363, 364, 365, 366-67, 389-91, 559, 577; see also listings of various countries

Columbia Broadcasting System, 230

Columbus (German liner), 608

Commerce and Finance, 108

Commercial and Financial Chronicle, 108, 347

Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, 601-2

Communism, 197, 232, 235, 306, 317, 318; in China, 58-60, 68, 78, 87-88, 90, 96-97, 147, 155-56, 160, 456, 458, 463, 468, 480; in France, 420; in U.S., 303; Japanese attitude towards, 129, 136

Concentration camps, 40, 306

Continental Export and Import Company, 340

Coolidge, Calvin, 77, 82 n.

Coulondre, French Ambassador to Moscow, 329 n., 543, 544

Cox, Oscar, 605

Craigie, Sir Robert, 490, 494-95, 502, 617, 621

Craigie-Arita Agreement, 617

Cranborne, Lord, 176, 194

Crane, Charles R., 49

Croix de Feu, 225

Curley, James M., 246

Currie, Lauchlin, 648-49

Czechoslovakia, 328, 329, 330, 360, 606, 607; and intervention in Siberia, 53; attitude of in Ethiopian dispute, 177; Bohemia and Moravia lost to, 453; British help for withdrawn, 393-94; French support of, 331; German demands to rejected by, 419; Hitler’s demands acceded to, 452; question of plebiscites in, 416, 419; troops of mobilized, 395-97

Dachau, 306

D’Aieta, Blasco, 580

Daily Oklahoman, 310

Daily Worker, 105

Dairen, 94 n.

Daladier, Edouard, 45, 397-98, 518, 527

Dallas Morning News, 298, 300, 573

Danzig, 16-18, 360, 363, 509, 510, 522-23, 541, 548-49, 559

Davies, Joseph E., 322, 525-26

Davis, John K., 60 n., 61, 75

Davis, Norman, 13, 35-36, 38, 44, 98, 219; efforts of to reduce German demands, 274; opinion of on Japanese naval parity, 150-51; role of in Brussels conference, 487; statement on disarmament, 123

Davis, William Rhodes, mission of to Berlin, 558-61, 606

Dawes Plan, 29-32, 44, 277, 278

Deat, Marcel, 209

Debuchi, Japanese Ambassador, 100, 109, 115

Declaration of Panama (October 3, 1939), 566-67

Delbos, 326

Delcassé, Théophile, 166

Denmark, invasion of by Germany, 583

Dennett, Tyler, 106

Des Moines Register, 302, 320, 325

Dessie, 250

Destroyers, U.S., transfer of to Britain, 587, 591-92, 594, 596-99

Detroit Free Press, 107-8, 297, 298, 300, 332, 346, 478

Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 292

Deutschland (pocket battleship), 338, 570-71

de Wolf, Francis C., 230-31

Dewey, Admiral George, 3

Dickstein resolution, 283

Dieckhoff, Hans Heinrich, 285, 308, 341-42, 347, 356-59, 398, 435

Dillon, Clarence, 556

Diomede (H.M.S.), 608

Disarmament, 274, 298, 322, 576, 577; conferences on, 34, 36, 45, 174; of Germany, 35-38; of Italy, 173-74

Djibouti, 170, 179, 447

Dmowski, Roman, 20

Dodd, William E., 45-50, 264-89; efforts of to settle German debts to U.S., 277-78; impression on of Hitler, 275-76; nonattendance of at Nazi Party Congress, 266-67; recall of from Germany, 341-42; views of on Communism, 318

“Dollar diplomacy,” 5

Dollfuss, Chancellor Engelbert, 293

Dominican Republic, 94

Donovan, Col. William J., 245

Dooman, Eugene H., 506, 507

Dougherty, Denis Cardinal, 600

Doumenc, Gen., 537, 539

Drought, Rev. J. M., 628-29, 633, 643, 649

Drummond, Sir Eric, 97, 98, 99

Dulles, John Foster, 12, 43

Dumeira, 170

Dunkerque, 590

Durazzo, 516

Eagleton, Clyde, 218

East Hopeh Anti-Communistic Autonomous Government, 127, 148

“East wind rain” message, 650

Eckner, Hugo, 352, 353

Eden, Anthony, 160, 194, 203, 222; appointment as Foreign Minister, 244; interview of with Mussolini, 178-79; negotiations of in Ethiopian dispute, 176-77, 185, 187; on Chinese-Japanese war, 459, 460, 465, 466; on Germany, 323; on sanctions against Italy, 250; resignation of as Foreign Minister, 370, 380-81

Egypt, 263 n.

Eichelberger, Clark, 602

Emden (German battleship), 582

Emmons, Major Gen. D. C., 609

Emporia Gazette, 310, 429

Enabling Bill of Adolf Hitler, 40

Engert, Cornelius, 208, 251

Eritrea, 167, 170, 204, 234, 242, 245, 263 n.

Esthonia, 526, 530, 535, 571

Ethiopia, 165, 187-210, 263 n., 318; appeal of to League of Nations, 170-71, 177; as outlet for Italian immigration, 168-69; independence of recognized by Italy, 166; Italian control of, 259-63; raids of into adjacent territories, 169, 178; Walwal incident, 169-71

Evian Committee, 443

Exclusion Act of 1924, 82 n.

Export-Import Bank, 206

Exports. See under relevant country

Extraterritoriality in China, 62, 64, 65, 72, 73, 77

Far East policy, in World War II, 51-79; of Theodore Roosevelt, 4

Far Eastern Review, 66

Far Eastern Trading Organization, 88

Fatherland, The, 269

Fay, Sidney, 293

Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, 66

Fehrenbach, Konstantin, 24

Feis, Herbert, 232, 502-3, 616

Fêng Yü-hsiang, 60 n., 67, 68

Fenwick, Charles G., 218

Finland, 530, 534, 535, 572

Fiske, Major, 249

Foley, Edward, 605

Forbes, William Cameron, 103

Ford, Henry, 440

Forrestal Diaries, The, 555

Fortune magazine, 211-12

Fosdick, Rev. Harry Emerson, 599-600

Four Power Pact of 1933, 44-45, 459

Fourteen Points (Wilson’s), 10

France, Anglo-French proposal to Beneš by, 414-15; announcement of German blockade by, 567-68; blockade of Germany in 1914 by, 22-23; declaration of war on Germany by, 553; military preparations of, 527; objectives of in 1914, 21; occupation of Rhineland by, 312; pact with U.S.S.R., 300, 309; proposals to Russia by, 526-29, 535-37, 539; reparations demands of, 13, 27-28; requests for U.S. aid by, 592; sanctions against Italy by, 223, 225, 232; surrender of fleet by, 594

Franco, Generalissimo Francisco, 320

Franco-Belgian resolution on Rhineland occupation, 313

Franco-German Treaty of Commerce, 326, 446

Franco-Italian agreements, 166, 170-71, 303

Franco-Russian pact, 303

François-Poncet, André, 34, 426

Frank, Hans, 319

Frank, Karl H., 392, 395

Freedom of the press, 292

Freedom of speech, 230

French Indochina, 618, 622-23, 625

French West Indies, 565

Frick, Dr. Wilhelm, 264

“Friends of the New Germany,” 355

Fritsch, Col. Gen. Baron von, 359

Gafencu, Grigore, Romanian Foreign Minister, 526

Gamelin, Gen. Maurice G., 420

Gannett (Frank E.) newspapers, 107

Gannon, Rev. Robert I., 437

Garner, John Nance, 212

Garvin, J. L., 149, 411

Gauss, Clarence E., American Consul-General, 164

Gayda, Virginio, 174, 178, 179, 251

Gdynia, 548

Geddes, Eric, 12

Gedye, George E. R., 23

Geneva Disarmament Conference, 123

Géraud, André, 543

German-American Bund, 354-59

German-Italian-Japanese alliance, 444

German Reichsbank, 47

German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact of 1939, 537-40

German Zeppelin Company, 351, 352-54.

Germany, Anti-Comintern Pact of, 157, 320; anti-Semitism in, 266, 268, 273, 275, 278, 282-84; attitude of towards Danzig, 17-18; to Vatican, 337; Britain and France blockaded by, 567; blitzkrieg on Western Front by, 584-86, 590; blockade of in World War I, 22-24; colonies of, 14-16, 44, 45, 52, 360, 363, 364, 365, 366-67, 389-91, 559, 577; conciliation efforts of towards U.S , 606-14; debts, 277-80; disarmament of, 35-38; gestures to U.S. in 1933, 264-66; industry, 31; interest of in Far East, 481-83; invasion of Denmark by, 583;—of Norway by, 582;—of Poland by, 550; loans, 46-49; mediation in Sino-Japanese conflict by, 483-85; Nazi purge of 1934 in, 287; occupation of in 1919, 21; occupation of Austria by, 383;—of the Rhineland by, 251; naval “incidents” between U.S. and, 609-14; plot to overthrow Hitler in, 408-9; problem of disturbs League, 24748; reaction of to Treaty of Versailles, 24; rearmament of, 298, 450, 551; relations of with Italy, 41; reparations levied against, 11-14, 16, 26-28, 30-33; sanctions of against Italy, 223; submarine warfare of, 567, 570-71; trade balances of, 279, 339-40; withdrawal of from League of Nations, 274-75, 276

Ghormley, Admiral Robert L., 609

Giesberts, Johann, 24

Gilbert, Prentiss, 99, 177, 203, 374, 483

Gilbert, Rodney, 67, 78

Giornale d’Italia, 178, 184, 248, 249

Giraud, Gen. Henri, 590

Gisevius, Hans B., 408

Godesburg conference, 415-18

Godthaab, 583

Goebbels, Joseph, 41, 314; criticism of by Roosevelt, 332; on American attitude towards Germany, 384-85; on League of Nations, 275; on Nazi revolution, 280

Goerdeler, Carl Friedrich, 408

Gold reserves, 239, 278, 285, 501, 502-3

Gordon, George A., 41, 42

Gore, Senator Thomas P., 270

Göring, Hermann, 273, 314, 325; appointment of as Field Marshal, 374; conversations of with William Rhodes Davis, 558-61; talks of with Sumner Welles, 577; on annexation of Austria, 361-62; on U.S. sale of helium to Germany, 353-54

Graf von Spee (pocket battleship), 566-67

Graham, Malbone W., 260

Graham, Sir Ronald, 167

Grandi, Dino, 44, 173-74, 232, 258

Graves, Gen. William S., 54

Greece, 518, 519, 535

Green, Joseph C., 239 n., 589

Greenland, 583, 610-11

Greer (U.S.S.), 612-13

Grew, Joseph C., 109-111, 120, 619-20; attitude of towards Hirota, 127-28; estimate of Japanese character by, 501; fears of in Panay incident, 489; opinions of on Chinese-Japanese conflict, 457-62, 463, 465, 467-68, 470-75; opinion of on recognition of Russia, 130-31; view of on Japanese-Soviet relations in 1933, 129

Grey, Sir Edward, 5-7

Gruhn, Eva, 374, 375

Grynzpan, Herschel, 436

Hácha, Emil, 453

Hague Convention, 598

Haile Selassie, accepts League proposals, 203, 205, 208; flight from Addis Ababa, 255; grants oil and mineral rights to Standard Oil Co., 184, 185-86; military defeat of, 250; pleads for nonrecognition of Italian control, 260; requests American intervention, 179-80, 191

Haiti, 94

Haider, Gen. Franz, 409

Halifax, Lord, 260, 362-66, 377-82, 390, 393-94, 396, 400-404, 406, 414, 416, 422, 432, 448-49, 450, 452, 515, 528-30, 535-36, 549, 552, 554

Hamilton, Maxwell M., 133

Hammerstein, Kurt von, 408

Hanihara, Ambassador, 81

Hankey, Lord, 581, 582

Harding, Warren G., 28

Harris, Townsend, 133

Harrison, Leland, 474

Hashimoto, S., 629-30

Hassell, Ulrich von, 408, 550

Hay, John, 3

Hayashi, Baron, 131, 161-62, 163

Healy, Thomas H., 564

Hearst press, 105, 107, 299, 310, 346, 430

Heath, Donald, 444

Hecht, Ben, 10

Heidelberg, anti-Semitic demonstration of 1919 in, 25

Helium Act of 1937, 351

Helium exports to Germany, 350-54

Henlein, Konrad, 392, 399, 403

Herriot, Edouard, French Premier (1933), 37

Hertslet, Dr., 559

Hickerson, John, 281

Himmler, Heinrich, 305

Hindenburg, President Paul von, 33, 40, 41, 272, 276, 294

Hindenburg (zeppelin), 350

Hippisley, Alfred E., 3

Hiranuma, Baron Kiichiro, 506

Hirota, Foreign Minister Koki, 12728, 131, 133, 135, 136, 148, 152, 153, 163

Hitler, Adolf, absorbs Czechoslovakia, 452-55; asks return of German colonies, 307; attempts to secure Polish Corridor, 19; becomes President of the Reich, 294; comments on in American press, 39-40, 349; conference of with Mussolini, 176, 287; criticized by Mayor La Guardia, 332-34; denounces Franco-Soviet pact, 300; denounces Treaty of Versailles, 298; description of, 200; on disarmament, 34, 36, 37, 38; Enabling Bill of 1933, 40; on German War Aims, 577; interview with Sumner Welles, 577; mock trial of in New York, 280-83; negotiations with British before Polish conquest, 544-49; nonaggression pact with Stalin, 539-40; occupies Rhineland, 309-14; pact with Mussolini, 319; proposals of to Poland, 509-12; psychology of, 273; receives British war declaration, 553; recognizes Franco government, 320; plans conquest of Austria and Czechoslovakia, 359; removes von Blomberg, von Neurath, and von Fritsch from office, 374; speech in Sportspalast, 42223; talks with Chamberlain at Berchtesgaden, 412-13; at Godesburg, 415-18

Hoare, Sir Samuel, 149, 190-91, 195, 198, 204, 205, 209, 244, 247

Hoare-Laval Agreement, corollary to, 243-44, 247, 253, 254; press reaction to, 243-44; terms of, 242

Hodža, Prime Minister, 395, 399;

and Sudeten negotiations, 406

Hoover, Herbert, 23, 29, 32, 437; attitude of towards coercion of Japan, 100; on arms embargoes, 219, 565

Hoover Plan, 32-33

Hopeh (North China), 126-27, 148-49; see also East Hopeh Anti-Communistic Autonomous Government Hopkins, Harry, 604

Hornbeck, Stanley K., 125-26, 135, 472, 507

Hossbach, Colonel, 359

Ho-Umedzu Agreement, 148, 462-63

House, Col. Edward M., 6, 9, 13, 46, 49, 53

House-Grey Agreement of 1916, 269, 270

House of Morgan, 213

Howard, Roy, 601, 633

Howe, Louis, 271

Ho Ying-chin, General, 91, 148

Hughes, Bishop Edwin, 437

Hughes, Secretary Charles E., 22, 27, 81

Hull, Cordell, aide-mémoire to Tokyo, 136; attitude to Japan, 135-36, 144, 149; challenges Japan’s policy in China, 493-94; on Far Eastern policy, 125, 457-61, 464, 466, 470-71, 473; invites international co-operation on refugees, 434; on nonrecognition of Manchukuo, 123; on payment of German loans, 47-48; recognition of Chiang Kai-shek, 621; refuses Haile Selassie’s request for mediation, 191, 206; regarding Ethiopian dispute, 183, 185-86, 188; on sanctions, 201-2; supports Nye Resolution, 212-13, 220; talks with Kurusu and Nomura, 632-35, 646-50

Hungary, 231, 235, 312-13

Hu Shih, Dr., 648

Hussey, Harry, 65

Hutchinson, William K., 563

Hyde, Charles C., 564

Iceland, 583, 612

Ickes, Harold L., 437; criticism of Nazi Government, 440

I. G. Farbenindustrie A.-G., 626

Il Progresso, 246

Imports. See under relevant country

Indianapolis News, 104, 298

Ingersoll, Admiral R. E., 491

Inner Mongolia, 128

Inskip, Sir Thomas, 447

International Monetary and Economic Conferences, 38

Intransigeant, 258

Iraq, 197

Ireland, 587

Ironside, General William E., 554

Ishii, Viscount Kikujiro, 111 n. Italian-American efforts to defeat neutrality legislation, 246-47

Italian Dante Alighieri Society, 355

Italy, colonial policy of, 44, 45, 165; conquest of Ethiopia, 257; criticism of U.S. by, 245; default by on U.S. loan, 206; declaration of war, 592; emigration problem of, 168-69; imports by, 201, 235; march of into Albania, 515-16; military strength of, 190, 197, 245, 252; negotiations of with Britain over North Africa, 167; relations of with Germany, 41; terms for under Versailles Treaty, 167; victories of in Ethiopia, 250, 255; war of with Turkey, 167

Ivanoff, 87

Izvestia, 529, 571

Jackson, Attorney General Robert, 598

Jamaica, 597 n., 599

Japan, 80-103; agreement to close Burma Road, 623; agreement to boycott China, 622-23; aims in China, 495-96; Anglo-Japanese alliance of 1902, 3; Anti-Comintern Pact, 320; anti-Japanese activity in China, 93, 158-60, 163; approaches U.S. for formula in Europe, 505-8; armaments, 138; attitude to communism, 129; claims to Shantung, 51-52; on commission to partition Silesia, 20; control of petroleum in Manchukuo, 141-43; efforts at conciliation with U.S., 628-43; enacts Anti-Comintern Pact, 156-57; export trade, 94-95, 139-40; good-will mission to U.S., 127-28; hostilities at Peiping, 164; immigration to U.S., 5, 80; leaves League of Nations, 116-17; neutrality towards Ethiopia, 182; Ni-shihara loans, 93; policy in North China, 147-49; interests in Manchuria, 91-93; moves troops into Jehol, 124-27; peace terms offered to China, 484; puppet states, 492, 621; relations with U.S., 123-43, 152-53; with U.S.S.R., 128; request for naval parity, 150-51; signs pact with Germany and Italy, 625-27; termination of Washington Naval Treaty, 144-46; trade with Germany, 139; with U.S., 154, 497-99, 500-504; treaties of 1915, 94;—of 1917, 51-52; war with China, 468-75

Jeanneney, Senator (of France), 578

Jefferson, Thomas, 290

Jehol, Japanese occupation of, 124-27; settlement by Tangku Truce, 126-27

Jessup, Philip C., 564

Jodi, General Alfred, 397

Joffe, Adolf, 58

Johnson Act, 206

Johnson, Albert, 81

Johnson, Gen. Hugh S., 175, 291, 478

Johnson, Nelson T., 82

Jónasson, Hermann, 583

Journal of Commerce, 108

Kalinin, President Mikhail, 526, 572

Kaltenborn, H. V., 181, 272

Kansas City Journal-Post, 338

Kansas City Star, 74, 104

Karelian Isthmus, 572

Karlsbad Programme, 392

Kase, Toshikazu, 633

Kauffmann, Henrik, 611

Kawagoe, Ambassador, 159, 468

Kearny (U.S.S.), 613

Keitel, General Wilhelm, 392, 397

Kellogg, Frank Billings, 61, 69-73, 76, 77, 82-85, 105, 215-17

Kellogg-Briand Pact, 24, 44-45, 88-89, 98, 99, 102, 119, 180, 198, 214-19, 236, 421, 485

Kennedy, Joseph P., conversations of on Czech crisis, 403-4

Khartoum, 166

Kimmel, Admiral Husband E., 651

King, Admiral Ernest J., 609

Kintner, Robert, 610

Kirk, Alexander, 179

Klaus, Erwin H., 271

Knox, Secretary Frank, 605

Kodama, Kenji, 161-62

Konoye, Prince Fumimaro, 115, 629, 640-42

Koo, Wellington, 504-5

Korea, 56

Korfanty, Adelbert, 20

Kramer, Lieut. Comdr., 650-51

Ku Klux Klan, 343

Kundt, Ernst, 399

Kung, H. H., 467

Kuomintang, 59, 65, 69, 95

Kurusu, Saburo, 646-48, 650

Kuwashima, 159

Kwantung Peninsula, 94 n.

la Brière, Yves de, 336

Labour Party of England, 22

La Guardia, Fiorello, 281, 304; criticism of Hitler by, 332-34

Lake Ashangi, 250

Lake Tana, 167, 250, 259

Lamont, Thomas W., 55, 57-58, 83, 85, 633

Lanfang attack, 464

Lansing, Robert, 7-9, 10 n., 26, 52, 53

Lansing-Ishii Agreement, 52, 110

la Pradelle, M. de, 177

Laski, Harold, 243

Latin America, 119

Lattimore, Owen, 648

Latvia, 526, 530, 535, 571

Lausanne Conference, 42

Laval, Pierre, 170, 177, 192, 194, 209, 222, 232, 234; agreements of with Mussolini, 296; on Ethiopian dispute, 181, 187; fear of Germany, 241-42

Lawrence, David, 478

League for American Neutrality, 246

League of Nations, 35, 86, 103, 114, 116-17, 170, 190, 199, 200, 202-5, 208, 209, 310, 315, 364, 459, 466, 473, 474-75; dismisses Russia, 573; on Ethiopian dispute, 170, 171, 176, 183, 224-27, 240, 254; Germany withdraws, 274-75, 276; on Manchukuo, 123; non-League members, 233; votes end of sanctions, 259

League, T. J., 137

Leahy, Admiral, 352

Lebensraum, 359, 389, 579

Le Brun, Albert, President, 578

L’Echo de Paris, 182, 202, 490

Leeds, Sir William, 522

Léger, Alexis, 504, 523, 524, 534

Legge, Alexander, 175

Leitner, Dr. Rudolf, protests Bremen incident, 304-5

Le Jour, 234

Le Matin, 207

Lemp, Lieutenant, 570

Lend-lease, 605

Lenin, Nikoiai, 69

Lennox, Victor G., 259

Leopold, King of the Belgians, 541-42, 586, 590

Le Rond, General, 19

Lewis, John L., 558, 559

Liberty magazine, 270, 271

Libya, 167, 170

Lindbergh, Charles A., 245, 306, 440, 565

Lindsay, Sir Ronald, 240-41

Lippman, Walter, 34, 107, 478, 517

Lipski (Polish Ambassador to Germany), 509, 548, 549

Lithuania, 571

Little Entente, 367

Litvinov, Maksim, 197, 260, 311, 325, 526

Liverpool Daily Post, 243

Lloyd George, David, 10, 11-13, 17, 319

Locarno Treaty, 193 n., 215, 308, 327, 331, 391

Lochner, Louis P., 264

Lockwood, George B., 26

London Conference 1918, ix

London Daily Herald, 241, 243, 255-56, 259, 405

London Daily Mail, 134, 259

London Daily Telegraph and Morning Post, 243

London Morning Post, 134, 256, 259, 530

London Naval Treaty of 1930, 150

London News Chronicle, 243, 259

London Star, 243

London Times, 101-2, 137, 173, 195, 243, 381, 472-73, 621

Long, Breckinridge, 178, 186 n., 190, 191 n., 193, 261, 287

Longhi, Marquis Alberto Rossi, 238 n.-39 n.

Lord, Robert H., 16, 19

Los Angeles Times, 39, 104, 300, 314, 319, 338, 345, 349, 429, 477

L’Osservatore Romano, 244

Lothian, Marquess of, 256, 596

Louisville Courier-Journal, 74, 106, 295, 301, 310

Lowell, A. Lawrence, 106

Lowenthal, Max, 646

Lukasiewicz, Jules, 446, 451, 522

Lundeen, Senator, 565

Luther, Dr. Hans, 274, 280, 334

Luxemburg, 535

Lytton Commission, 96, 110, 112, 124, 136, 210 n.

Lytton Report, 95, 114, 116

McCoy, Major Gen. Frank R., 110, 112

McDonald, James G., 433

MacDonald, James Ramsey, 34, 44, 103 n., 184

McDonald Plan of Disarmament, 36-38

McDowell, Bishop William F., 63 n.

McKee, Frederick, 601

McMurray, Minister to China, 68-73, 77

McNair, Captain L. N., 252

McNary, Charles, 596

Madariaga, Salvador de, 254

Maehrisch-Ostrau, 406

Maffey Report, 248, 249

Maffey, Sir John, 248

Magdalena Bay, 141

Maginot Line, 402

Maglione, 524

Makino, Count Nobuaki, 131

Mallet, V. A. L., 501

Mallon, Paul, 478

Manchester Guardian, 242 n., 243, 411

Manchukuo, 109, 110, 112, 124-25, 128, 137, 197, 621

Manchuria, 4, 5, 51, 55, 82-101, 109-12, 137, 147

Manchuria Petroleum Company, 141

Manila Bay, 3

Mao Tse-tung, 155, 156, 468

Mar, Dr., 164

Marco Polo Bridge incident, 464

Marcosson, Isaac G., 235

Marien werder, 17

Marinis, General de, 20

Marriner, American chargé d’affaires, 125, 185

Marshall, Gen. George C., 589, 651-52

Marshall, Verne, 555

Martin, Joseph, 596

Maryknoll Missionaries, 479 n.

Masaryk, Tomáš, 412

Masland, John W., 498

Mason-MacFarlane, Colonel, 397

Massigli (Italian representative at Geneva), 196, 247-48

Mastny, Czechoslovakian Minister, 392

Matsuoka, Yosuke, 112-13, 116, 121, 122, 127, 626, 628, 631-36

Max of Baden, Prince, 10, 11

Mayer, Ferdinand L., 63, 84, 308, 316, 340-41

Mediterranean Sea, 308, 588, 591

Meiji University, Tokyo, 122

Mein Kampf, 14, 325

Mellet, Lowell, 646

Meloney, Mrs. William B., 182

Memphis Commercial Appeal, 324

Menelik, Emperor, 165-66

Messersmith, George S., 40, 41, 42, 265, 272, 273, 275

Mexico, 141

Mezes, Sidney E., 15

Miami Herald, 428

Miklas, Wilhelm, President of Austria, 376, 383

Millard, Thomas F., 62

Miller, David Hunter, 218

Milwaukee Journal, 39, 106, 298, 300, 332, 478

Milwaukee Sentinel, 293, 294

Minneapolis Tribune, 305, 346

Moffat, Pierrepont, 282

Moley, Raymond, 49, 118

Molotov, Viacheslav, 526, 528, 531-32, 538-39

Money, Sir Leo Chiozza, 249

Mongolia, 4, 55

Monroe Doctrine, 141, 410, 583

Moore, Frederick, 117

Moore, John Bassett, 219, 246

Moore, Walton, 350

Moravia, 453

Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 150, 232, 605, 623

Morley, Felix, 22

Morocco, 197

Móscicki, Ignacy, President of Poland, 542

Motta, Guiseppe, 204, 205

Moulton, Dr. Harold G., 97

Mowrer, Paul S., 265, 268

Murmansk, 583

Mukden Incident, 94, 96

Mulvihill, Dr. Daniel, 267

Mundelein, George Cardinal, criticism of Hitler by, 335-37

Munich Agreement, 426-32, 448

Munters, President of League of Nations Council, 260

Murray, Gilbert, 259

Murray, Wallace, 185, 188, 198, 200

Mussolini, Benito, accepts Hitler’s conquest of Austria, 382-83; agreement with Laval, 296; aims in Ethiopia, 182; American praise of, 246; attempt to avert war, 548-49, 550; begins to doubt Germany, 540-41; conditions for settlement of Ethiopian hostilities, 251-63; conference with Hitler, 176; conquest of Albania, 515-16; conquest of Ethiopia, 151; hopes for mandate for Ethiopia, 178; interview with Eden, 178-79; mobilizes army, 183-84; objectives, 208; objects to British fleet in Mediterranean, 249-50; reception of Stimson, 172-73; recognizes Franco government, 320; talks with Sumner Welles in 1940, 575-76; urged by Roosevelt to aid in Czechoslovakia settlement, visit to Berlin, 348-49

Nagano, Admiral Osami, 150

Nakamura, Captain, 95-96

Nanking Incident, 75

Nansen, Dr. Fridtjof, 433

Narvik, 581, 582

Nashville Banner, 40

Nation, 108

National Association of Manufacturers, 175

National Munitions Control Board, 221, 351, 353

National Socialism, 33, 372, 376, 578

Nationalism, 295-96

Nationalist armies, 73, 75, 86, 96, 162

Nazi Party purge, 176, 290, 291

Nazi Putsch, 293

Netherlands, 277, 324, 448, 450, 532, 534, 535, 585, 590

Netherlands East Indies, 619, 622, 636-37

Neurath, Konstantin von, 264, 290, 325, 334

Neutrality, concepts of, 8; legislation, 206, 214, 218, 220, 221, 223, 230, 235, 237, 245-47, 324, 561, 562, 565-67, 595, 598, 601, 607

Neville, Edwin L., on situation in China, 99, 120-21, 130

New Orleans Times-Picayune, 300, 428

New Republic, 105, 108, 332

New York Daily News, 105, 107, 332, 344, 430, 477

New York Evening Post, 107

New York Herald-Tribune, 86, 107, 182, 280, 341, 345, 428, 478, 565

New York Journal of Commerce, 82, 137

New York Sun, 39, 345, 478

New York Times, 4, 39, 74, 85, 104, 217, 241, 280, 286, 297, 301, 302, 315, 429, 477, 573

New York World, 74

New York World-Telegram, 344, 477

New Yorker Staats-Zeitung, 266

New Zealand, 630

Newfoundland, 596, 597 n., 599

Niblack, 609-10

Nine-Power Treaty, 98, 102, 103, 135, 459, 466, 472, 473, 485

Nishihara loans of 1917-18, 93

Nomura, Kichisaburo, Ambassador, conferences with Cordell Hull, 632-35; presents proposals to Roosevelt, 645-48, 651

Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, 429

Norman, Montagu, 439

North Atlantic fisheries, 6

Norway, 580-82

Nuremberg Trials, 581, 582, 607

Nürnberg Party rally, diplomatic problems of, 340-41, 387-88

Nye Resolution, 212, 221

Nye, Senator Gerald P., 211-12, 521

Observer, 411

O’Connell, John M., 352

O’Connell, William Cardinal, 600

O’Donnell, John O., 610

Oil, 141-43, 239, 240, 251, 559, 619, 624, 635, 647

Okada, Prime Minister Keisuke, 144

Omaha World-Herald, 295, 310, 324

Open Door note of 1899, 3, 101, 119, 461

Opium War in 1842, 74

Oshima, Gen. Hiroshi, 625

“Oslo Powers,” 541-42

Oster, Hans, 408

O’Toole, Donald L., 352

Oumansky, M., 476

Oursler, Fulton, 271

Pact of Paris. See Kellogg-Briand Pact

Page, Kirby, 216

Panama Canal, 588

Panama Conference of 1939, 608

Pan-American action, 566

Pan-American policy, 119

Pan-American Union, 519

Panay incident, 488-90

Papen, Franz von, 42, 286, 287, 362

Paraguay, 219

Paris Peace Conference in 1919, 12, 14, 19

Paris Soir, 464

Paul, Prince of Jugoslavia, 536

Paul-Boncour, Joseph, 254

Payart, French chargé d’affaires, 528

“Peace Ballot“ of 1935, 248

Peek, George N., 339

Pegler, Westbrook, 118, 332-33

Peiping hostilities, 1937, 164, 457-58, 462

Percival, Colonel Sir Harold, 20

Pershing, Gen. John J., 258, 597

Perth, Earl of, 518

Pétain, Marshal Henri Philippe, 592-94

Peterson, Maurice, 241, 242

Philadelphia Inquirer, 86, 345, 429

Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 107, 346

Philadelphia Public Ledger, 39, 107

Philadelphia Record, 105, 107, 298, 299

Philip of Hesse, 382

Philippine Islands, 5, 638

Phillips, Alfred N., 352

Phillips, William, 175, 261

Phipps, Sir Eric, 317, 330, 528-29

Pilsudski, Marshal Jozef, 17

Pittman-McReynolds Bill, 246

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 39, 104, 300

Pius XI (Achille Ratti), Pope, 337

Pius XII (Eugenio Pacelli), Pope, 542, 551-52, 586; as Cardinal Sec. of State, 335-37

Plebiscites, 19

Poincaré, Raymond, 27, 28, 578

Poland, 139, 235, 311, 529, 531, 534, 535, 537, 606, 607; diplomacy, 509-14; military understanding with Germany, 431-32; mobilization, 544, 546; negotiations with Hitler fail, 547-50; problems in 1919, 16-21; strained relations with France, 534; treaty with England, 543

Police force, international, 344

Polish Corridor, 18-19, 37, 44, 45, 200, 285, 363, 510, 512, 541, 548, 559

Polk, James G., 352

Pope, Generoso, 246

Popitz, Johannes, 408

Port Arthur, 4, 94 n.

Porter Resolution, 73-74

Portland Morning Oregonian, 296, 299, 310, 320, 338, 345, 430, 477

Portsmouth peace treaty, 4

Potemkin, 254

Potocki, Count Jerzy, 450, 556

Potter, Pitman, 177

Press, American, 3-4, 82, 85, 86-87, 104-8, 344-48, 386-88, 428-30, 562; British, 209; French, 209; German, 347, 440-41; Italian, 203, 205, 227; Japanese, 122

Price, Ward, 170

Providence Journal, 320, 338

Purvis, Arthur, 605

Pu-yi, Henry, 112, 137

Raeder, Admiral Eric, 359, 570, 608

Rajchmann, Dr. Ludwic, 97

Raleigh News and Observer, 106, 299, 477

Rath, Ernst vom, 437

Rea, George Bronson, 66

Refugees, 433-39, 443-444

Reinsch, Paul, 51

Reparations, 11, 12-14, 16, 26-28, 30-33

Reuben James (U.S.S.), 614

Reykjavik, 583

Reynaud, Paul, 557, 587, 588, 594

Rhein (German ship), 608

Rhineland, occupation of by France, 21-22, 28-30; reoccupation by Germany, 251, 309-16

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 631-32; becomes Foreign Minister, 374-75; interview with Sumner Welles in 1940, 576-77; negotiations with Poland, 509-511; negotiations with Russia; 537-40

Richmond Times-Dispatch, 104, 294, 298, 319, 338, 428

Rickett, Francis, 184-85

Ridder, Joseph E., 266

Robin Moor (S.S.), 612

Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, 279, 295, 314, 320, 324, 332, 477

Rockefeller Foundation, 499

Romania, 329, 330, 449, 454, 519, 521-22, 526, 529, 534, 535

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis, 444, 485, 625-28

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, address at Kingston, Ontario, 410-11; to Pan-American Union, 519-20; appeals to Beneš and Hitler to avoid war, 424; to King of Italy, President of Poland, and Hitler, 542; challenge to dictators in 1936, 152; conference with Churchill at Newfoundland, 639-40; correspondence with Churchill, 587-88; criticism of Italy, 244-45; declines meeting with Konoye, 640-42; on disarmament, 36, 37-38, 123; efforts to keep Italy neutral, 584-86, 590; lifts arms embargo to Italy, 261; non-recognition of Italian control of Ethiopia, 261-63; opinion of Ethiopian dispute, 183; peace appeal in 1937, 368-70; policy towards China, 118; policy towards Japan, 114, 118; press conferences, 123; proclamations of neutrality, 558, 561-66; quarantine speech of 1937, 342-48; statement on German absorption of Czechoslovakia, 455; supports Nye Commission, 212-13; at World Economic Conference in 1933, 43

Roosevelt, Mrs. Franklin D., 565

Roosevelt, Theodore, attitude of, towards Boer War, 5; to Japan, 147; Far Eastern policy of, 4, 5

Root, Elihu, 100

Root-Takahira Agreement, 5, 100, 110

Roper, Daniel C., 46

Rosso, Ambassador Augusto, 174-75, 200, 258

Rothermere, Viscount, 264

Rubbatino Company of Italy, 165

Rublee, George, 434, 439, 443, 444

Ruhr, occupation of, 28-30

Runciman, Lord, 140, 401

Ruthenia, 452-53

Saar plebiscite, 294-95

Safford, Commander L. F., 650

St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 4, 294, 344-45, 477

St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 310, 325, 349, 599

St. Lucia (island), 597 n., 599

Saint-Quentin, M. de, 241, 242

Saionji, Prince, 131

Saito, Hiroshi, 131-32, 134, 138-39

Salt Lake City Deseret News, 314

Sanctions, 187, 189, 192, 196-202, 206, 208-210, 221, 223, 227, 232-35, 237, 239, 240, 244, 248-51, 254, 259, 345, 501-504, 623-25, 628

San Francisco Chronicle, 85, 87, 310, 324, 345, 477

San Francisco Examiner, 82, 108, 346

Sato, Naotake, 626

Sauerwein, Jules, 207

Schacht, Dr. Hjalmar, 37, 46-48, 277-78, 280 n., 321, 322-23, 325, 439

Scheffer, Paul, 308

Schleicher, Gen. Kurt von, 286

Schleswig, 19

Schmidt, Paul, 412

Schmitt, Kurt, 285

Schnurre, Dr. Carl, 537

Schober, Dr. Johann, 32

Schoenfeld, R. E., 305

Schurman, Jacob G., 355

Schuschnigg, Kurt von, 331, 371-72, 376-77, 378-79

Scoppa, Bova, 250

Scripps-Howard newspapers, 106

Seabury, Judge Samuel, 281

Seattle Daily Times, 279, 293, 294, 338

Self-determination, in Sudetenland, 413, 424

Seyss-Inquart, Dr. Artur, 376, 383

Shanghai, 108, 468, 493

Shanghai, American vessel, 469

Shanghai Incident of 1925, 61, 63

Shantung, 51-52

Sherwood, Robert, 601, 603

Shidehara, Baron Kijuro, 96, 97, 100

Shotwell, James T., 35, 342

Siberia, 53, 129, 137-38

Siegfried Line, 419

Silver Purchase Act of 1934, 149-50

Simon, Sir John, 102, 114 n., 124, 274-75

Simonds, Frank, 217

Singapore, 627, 630

Sino-Belgian Treaty of 1865, 71

Slovakia, 452-53

Smigly-Rydz, Marshal Edward, 360

Smith, Alfred E., 281

Smith, Truman, 431

Sokolsky, George, 96-97

Solidarité Française, 225

Somaliland, 167, 204

South Africa, Boer War, 3

South Manchuria Railway, 82-85, 92, 479 n.

Soviet-Japanese relations in 1933, 128

Soviet Mercantile Fleet, 88

Spain, 20, 235, 318, 323, 451, 525

Spanish Civil War, 338, 359

Spokane Spokesman-Review, 108, 338, 346, 478

Springfield Republican, 279, 286, 298, 315, 320, 338

Stahmer, Heinrich, 626

Stalin, Joseph V., attitude to U.S.-Japanese relations, 128; nonaggression pact with Hitler, 539-40

Standard Oil Co., 184-86, 188

Standley, Admiral William H., 151, 597

Stark, Admiral H. R., 605, 645, 651

Stauffenberg, Claus von, 408

Stewart, Dr. Irving, 230-31

Stimson, Henry L., 24, 219, 636; address to Council on Foreign Relations, III; attitude towards China and Japan, 97-103; towards the Weimar Republic, 33; in Chinese Eastern Railway dispute, 88-90; Japanese opinion of, in; “non-recognition theory,” 100-103, 108, 117, 119-20, and press reaction, 104-108; visit to Italy in 1931, 172

Stirling, Admiral, 597

Storm Troopers, 40, 267, 285

Strang, William, 530-32

Straus, Jesse, 45, 255

Stresa Conference, 171, 177, 207, 251, 263, 299-300

Stresa front, 247, 258

Stresemann, Gustav, 17

Stuart, Rev. John L., 66

Submarine warfare, 7-9, 567, 570-71

Sudetenland, 361, 363, 392, 395, 399, 400-406, 415-18; ceded to Germany, 427; martial law declared, 407

Suez Canal, 256, 447

Sun Yat-sen, 58, 59-60, 69, 74

Sundai Shimpo (Tokyo), 122

Suvich, Fulvio, 178, 191 n., 202, 261

Sweden, 582

Switzerland, 204, 277, 449, 532, 534, 535

Sze, Dr. Alfred, 73

Tabouis, Madame, 312

Taft, Robert A., 605, 610

Taft, William Howard, Far Eastern policy of, 5

Taketa, Taneo, 479 n.

Tangku Truce of 1933, 126-27, 147-48, 162

Tardieu, André, 35

Tariff Act of 1930, 339

Tariff policy of U.S. towards Japan, 113

Taylor, Admiral Montgomery M., 127

Teh Wang, 148

Tembyen, 245, 250

Texas Oil Company, 142

Thomas, Georg, 408

Thompson, Dorothy, 292, 478, 565

Three-Power Treaty of 1906, 166, 170

Tientsin, 617

Tigre, 166

Tiranë, 516

Togo, Shigenori, 643-44

Tojo, Gen. Hideki, 643

Tokugawa, Prince, 128

Toyoda, Foreign Minister, 640, 643

Trade. See under relevant country

Trade Agreements Act of 1934, 339

Trautmann, Oskar, 481, 484, 485

Treaty of Madrid, 231

Treaty of Tartu, 572

Treaty of Ucciali, 165-66

Treaty of Versailles, 10, 18, 21, 24, 27, 296, 519

Treaty of Washington, 598

Trials, war crimes. See war crimes trials

Trinidad, 597 n., 599

Tripoli, 166-67

Tsinan Incident, 85-87

Tugwell, Rexford G., 118

Tung, Emperor Hsuan, 137 n.; see also Henry Pu-yi

Tunis, 447

Turkey, 535

Tuscaloosa (U.S.S.), 608

Twenty-one Demands of Japan, 51, 94

Tyrrell, Lord, 45

Uchida, Japanese Minister, 127, 136-37

Ukraine, 449

U.S.S.R., armament in, 138, 154; attack on Finland, 572-74; attitude towards British and French proposals for Eastern Europe, 527-32, 535-37, 539;—towards Germany after World War I, 25; control of Outer Mongolia, 128; German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, 537-40; influence of in China, 68-69, 96-97; military aid to China, 456; recognition of by U.S., 130; Russo-Japanese War, 3-4; signs Mutual Assistance Pact with Esthonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, 571; strengthens Far Eastern position, 137-38; treaties with China, 60, 136-37; U.S. attitude towards in 1939, 451

United States, attempts mediation in European War, 558; attitude towards League of Nations, 123; Commercial relations with Japan, 140-43; deportation of undesirable foreigners, 292; exports, 140-43, 237, 246;—German naval actions, 604-6x4; immigration, 80, 434; industrial index of 1937, 343; intervention in Europe, 406-407; isolationism, 302; loans, 246; to Austria, 438; to Germany, 46-49; to Italy, 232; military aid to allies, 587-90, 591-92, 594, 595, 596-99; misgivings regarding Hitler-Mussolini relationship, 176; naval construction, 145; negotiations over Washington Naval Treaty, 145-46; neutrality, 558; non-recognition of Manchukuo, 123; oil in Ethiopia, 185-86; policy towards China, 51-79; policy towards German reparations, 27-28, 30-33; policy of non-recognition of Italian control of Ethiopia, 261-63; reaction to German absorption of Austria, 383; recognizes Russia, 130; relations with Japan, 123-43; ships detained by British for search, 568-70; termination of Treaty of 1911 with Japan, 507-8; trade agreement with Britain and Canada, 441-42; trade with China and Japan compared, 497-99; trade with Germany, 339-40; trade with Italy, 230; trade with Japan, 154, 494

U.S. Asiatic Fleet, 127

U.S. Coast Guard Service, 265

Untermyer, Samuel, 283

Upper Silesia, 19-21

Utley, Clifton M., 305

Vandenberg, Arthur H., 507

Vansittart, Sir Robert Gilbert, 189, 202-3, 209, 213, 528

Vatican attitude towards Germany, 336-37

Veblen, Thorstein, 14

Vian, Captain, 581

Victor Emmanuel III, 262, 542

Viereck, George Sylvester, 50, 269-72

Villard, Oswald Garrison, 344

Vladivostok, 53

Voroshilov, Marshal K. E., 537, 539

Wagner, Eduard, 408

Wakasugi, Japanese Minister to U.S., 637-38

Wall Street Journal, 347

Walsh, Bishop James E., 628-29, 633, 642, 649

Walsh, David I., 595, 597

Walwal incident, 169, 171, 177-78, 182, 183, 188

Wambold, Reich Minister of Economics, 48

Wang Ching-wei, 621

Wang, Chungting T., 65

Wang Ming, 155

War crimes trials of World War I, 25-26

War profits, 213-14

Warburg, Felix, 49

Warnshuis, Dr. A. L., 499

Washington Conference, 1921-22, 58, 80

Washington Evening Star, 344, 429, 477, 573

Washington Naval Treaty, 144

Washington News, 40, 301, 302

Washington Post, 74, 105, 107, 344, 428, 477, 610

Weimar Republic, 25-50, 280

Weizsäcker, Baron Ernst von, 355, 398, 400, 482

Welles, Sumner, 202, 476, 614; attitude towards Roosevelt’s quarantine speech, 347; drafts peace appeal, 421; mission to England, 578;—to France, 578;—to Germany, 576-77;—to Italy, 575-76, 579-80; opinion of Munich Agreement, 428

Wemyss, Sir Rosslyn, 23

Wheeler, Burton K., 560 n., 605, 646

Wheeler-Bennett, John W., 405

White, William Allen, 596, 597, 600-602

Wiedemann, Fritz, 348, 349

Wiegand, Karl von, 265

Wilcox, Mark, 352

Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 25

Williams, Dr. John E., 75

Willkie, Wendell, 596, 597, 602

Wilson, Hugh, 97, 117, 123, 176-77, 192, 196, 199-200

Wilson, Woodrow, 51, 110, 315; appeal for food to Europe, 22; attitude towards Versailles Treaty, 10-11; in Erik Dorn, 10; on German colonies, 15; on German reparations, 14; legislation for navy, 7; at Paris Peace Conference, 12; on Rhineland occupation, 21; relations with Japan, 51

Winkelman, General, 590

Winterton, Lord, 434

Wise, Rabbi Stephen S., 49

Witzleben, Erwin von, 408, 409

Woermann, Dr., 533

Wood, Henry, 264

World Economic Conference, London, 1933, 43-44, 278

World War I, 7-9

Wright, Quincy, 180

Yamamoto, Jotaro, 85

Yarnell, Admiral, 597

Yin Ju-keng, 148

Y.M.C.A., 499

Yorkshire Post, 243

Yoshida, Japanese Ambassador to Britain, 153-54

Young, Arthur N., 82

Young, Owen D., 31

Young Plan, 31, 44, 277, 278

Yüan Shih-k’ai, 94

Yugoslavia, 329

Y.W.C.A, 499

Zeeland, Paul van, 317, 329

Zimmern, Sir Alfred, 259

Zog, King of Albania, 516