God’s Gold
Sources
TO AVOID the incessant use of reference notes, distracting to the average reader and of interest only to the occasional student, I have attempted to arrange here the sources of the material on which this history is based. As far as Practicable I give below, classified according to the farts into which the book is divided, the published works, public records, magazine and newspaper articles, from which I have drawn.
It is necessary to add here two comments:
First, that much material has been derived from personal interviews with men and women who either had a part in the events narrated in this volume, or were in a position to know something of them;
Second, that an immense amount of the material has been drawn from the newspapers of the period in New York City, Cleveland, and the Oil Regions. These papers have been read, day by day, over many periods and I have prepared for my own convenience an index to some of these papers which is obviously too voluminous to be included here.
PART ONE—THE QUIET YEARS, 1839-1853
ANCESTRY
Records of “Rockefeller Family Association, Transactions,” 1910 to 1926, Volumes I, II, III.
EARLY YEARS
Data about John D. Rockefeller’s early life in New York is of course meager. The writer visited Owego, county seat of Tioga County, Richford, Moravia, and Auburn, county seat of Cayuga County, all in New York. He talked with many old residents and relatives of the Rockefeller family and went through the files of all available newspapers in those towns, as well as the material in the local libraries and the Historical Society of Auburn. He is greatly indebted to the researches of Mr. Leroy Kingman, an old schoolmate of John D. Rockefeller at Owego Academy and founder of the Owego Gazette. Mr. Kingman truly answered to the character of the old-time antiquarian, deeply interested in the early history of Owego and Tioga County. He made it a practice over a great number of years while editing his newspaper to interview all the old residents of the region who possessed recollections of its history; and these interviews, together with notes and elaborations by Mr. Kingman himself, appeared frequently in the columns of the Gazette. They constitute to this day an invaluable repository of historical material about Tioga County and incidentally the early days in Tioga of John D. Rockefeller, his family and associates. The writer is indebted to Mr. Harry E. Kingman, the son of Mr. Leroy Kingman, and now editor of the Gazette, for making this material available to him.
BRUTCHER, CHARLES, “Joshua, a Man of the Finger Lakes Region.” Published by the author, 1927.
KINGMAN, LEROY W., “Our County and Its People—a Memorial History of Tioga County.” Elmira, N. Y., W. A. Ferguson Co., 1897.
PIERCE, H. B. and HARD, D. H., “History of Tioga, Chemung, Tompkins and Schuyler Counties, New York.” Philadelphia, Everts and Ensign, 1897.
ECONOMIC HISTORY
BEARD, CHARLES A. and MARY R., “The Rise of American Civilization.” The Macmillan Co., 1929.
CLARK, VICTOR S., “History of Manufactures in the United States,” Vols. I, II, III. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1929.
KIER, MALCOLM, “Industries in America, Manufacturing.” The Ronald Press, 1928.
PUMELLY, J. C., “Historical Data on Pioneer Days.” New York, 1892.
PART TWO—BUSINESS AND RELIGION, 1853-1859
Cleveland, Ohio, Herald—files, 1859-1880.
Cleveland, Ohio, Leader—files, 1859-1880.
AVERY, E. Mc., “A History of Cleveland and Its Environs.” New York, Lewis Pub. Co., 1918.
“Historical Sketches”—Seventy-five Years of the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church, 1851-1926. Collected and arranged by Historical Committee of the Church, Cleveland, Ohio, 1926.
JOBLIN, MAURICE, “Cleveland Past and Present.” Cleveland, 1869.
JOHNSON, CROSFIELD, “History of Cuyahoga County, Ohio.” Cleveland, 1879.
KENNEDY, JAMES H., “A History of the City of Cleveland.” Imperial Press, Cleveland, 1896.
ORTH, SAMUEL, “History of Cleveland.” Cleveland, 1910.
ROBINSON, W. SCOTT, “History of Cleveland.” Cleveland, 1887.
PART THREE—OIL DORADO, 1859-1864
Oil City Derrick—files
Titusville Morning Herald—files
Documents, magazines, pamphlets and exhibits in the Drake Museum in Titusville.
The Derrick’s “Handbook of Petroleum,” Derrick Pub. Co., Oil City, Pa., 1859.
This is a day-to-day history of the oil regions compiled from the files of the Titusville Morning Herald, Oil City Register, Oil City Derrick, Pithole Daily Record, Petroleum Center Record, Petroleum Age, Oil Men’s Journal, Bradford Era and Venango Spectator.
BACON, RAYMOND FOSS and HAMOR, W. A., “The American Petroleum History.” McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1916.
CONE, ANDREW and JOHNS, W. R., “Petrolia.” D. Appleton & Co., 1870.
CORNELL, WM. M., “The History of Pennsylvania.” 1879.
EGLE, WM. H., “Illustrated History of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.” 1880.
HENRY, J. D., “History and Romance of the Petroleum Industry.” Bradbury, Agnew & Co., London, 1914.
HENRY, J. T., “Early and Late History of Petroleum.” Philadelphia, 1873.
LIDGETT, ALBERT, “Petroleum.” I. Pitman & Son, New York, 1919.
MCLAURIN, J. J. “Sketches in Crude Oil.” The author, Harrisburg, Pa., 1896.
“Oil Region Reminiscences of Oil Men’s Association of Butler County.” 1907.
REDWOOD, SIR BOVERTON, “Romance of Petroleum.” Royal Institute of Great Britain, London, 1917-19.
REINHOLT, OSCAR HALVORSEN, “Oildom, Its Treasures and Tragedies.” National Petroleum Institute, Washington, D. C., 1927.
STOCKING, G. W., “The Oil Industry and the Competitive System; A Study in Waste.” Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York, 1925.
PART FOUR—WAR AT THE CREEK, 1865-1872
Volumes given above and also the following:
“A History of the Rise and Fall of the South Improvement Company.” Petroleum Producers Union, Oil City, Pa., 1873.
LLOYD, HENRY DEMAREST, “Wealth Against Commonwealth,” New York, 1894.
MONTAGUE, G. H. “The Rise and Progress of the Standard Oil Company.” Harper & Bros., New York, 1903.
TARBELL, IDA M. “History of the Standard Oil Company,” Vols. I, II. The Macmillan Co., 1904.
PARTS FIVE-EIGHT INCLUSIVE, 1873 TO PRESENT
GENERAL HISTORY
ADLER, CYRUS. “Jacob Henry Schiff.” American Jewish Committee, 1921.
BURR, MRS. ANNA ROBESON. “Portrait of a Banker” (Stillman). Duffield & Co., 1927.
CARNEGIE, ANDREW, “The Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie.” Houghton Mifflin Co., 1920.
CLARKE, GEORGE J. “Jay Gould in His True Light.” New York, 1901.
CLEWS, HENRY, “Fifty Years in Wall Street.” Irving Pub. Co., New York, 1908.
COREY, LEWIS, “The House of Morgan.” G. Howard Watt, 1930.
CROFFUT, W. A. “The Vanderbilts and the Story of Their Fortune.” Bedford, Clark & Co., New York, 1886.
HARVEY, GEORGE, “Henry Clay Frick, the Man.” Chas. Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1928.
HOVEY, CARL, “The Life Story of J. Pierpont Morgan.” Sturgis and Walton Co., New York, 1911.
JOHNSON, W. FLETCHER, “Life of Jay Gould.” Edgewood Pub. Co., 1892.
FLEMING, W. L., “The Sequel of Appomattox,” Chronicle of America Series, Vol. 32. Yale Press.
LLOYD, CARO, “Henry Demarest Lloyd,” Vols. I, II. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1912.
MYERS, GUSTAVUS, “History of Great American Fortunes,” 3 vols. Chas. H. Kerr & Co., Chicago.
MUNRO, N. L., “$100,000,000! How Commodore Vanderbilt’s Great Fortune Was Made,” New York, 187?
OBEHOLZER, ELLIS PAXON, “A History of the United States Since the Civil War,” 5 vols. (4 already published). The Macmillan Co., 1926.
OGILVIE, J. S., “Life and Death of Jay Gould.” The Author, New York, 1892.
PAYNE, A. B., “Mark Twain.” Harper & Bros., 1912.
SULLIVAN, MARK. “Our Times,” “The Turn of the Century,” “Pre-War America.” Chas. Scribner’s Sons, 1929, 1930.
TARBELL, IDA M., “The Life of Elbert H. Gary, a Story of Steel.” D. Appleton & Co., 1926.
THOMPSON, HOLLAND, “The Age of Invention,” Chronicles of America Series, Vol. 37. Yale Press.
WHITE, TRUMBULL, “The Wizard of Wall Street and His Wealth or the Life and Deeds of Jay Gould.” Mid-Continental Pub. Co., Chicago, 1892.
WRIGHT, C. D., “Industrial Evolution in the United States.” Chas. Scribner’s Sons, 1902.
TRUSTS
State of New York, Report of Senate Committee on General Laws on Investigation Relative to Trusts. Sen. Doc., 3rd Sess., Vol. 5, March 6, 1888.
State of New York, Trust Investigating Committee—Report and Proceedings, March 9, 1897.
State of Ohio, Trust Investigation of Senate of State of Ohio, 1898.
United States House of Representatives. Trust Investigation of Committee on Manufactures. Proceedings in Relation to Trust, No. 3112, 1888.
United States Industrial Commission. Industrial Combinations, Vols. 1, 4. 13, 1900.
United States Senate, report of Committee Investigating Money Trust. Known as “Pujo Investigation.” Washington, 1912.
ANDERSON, P. LEWIS, “The Rule of Reason.” New York, 1911.
COTTER, ARUNDEL, “United States Steel, a Corporation with a Soul.” Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921.
DEWING, A. S. “Corporate Promotions and Reorganizations.” Harvard Economic Studies, 1914.
DODD, S. C. T., “Combinations: Their Uses and Abuses, with a History of the Standard Oil Trust.” G. F. Nesbitt & Co., New York, 1888.
GRAY, W. H., “The Rule of Reason in Texas.” The Author, Houston, Tex., 1912.
JENKS, JEREMIAH and CLARK, WALTER E., “The Trust Problem.” Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1929.
KEEZER, D. M. and MAY, STACY, “The Public Control of Business.” Harper & Bros., 1930.
PETTIGREW, R. F., “Triumphant Plutocracy.” The Academy Press, New York, 1922.
“Portrait and Biographical Record of Saginaw.” Biographical Pub. Co., Saginaw, Mich., 1892.
STEVENS, W. S., “Industrial Combinations and Trusts.” 1913.
SWEET, WILLIAM H., “Brief History of Saginaw County.” Michigan Pioneer and Hist. Soc. Collections, Vol. 28, 1900.
RIPLEY, WILLIAM Z., “Trusts, Pools and Corporations.” Ginn & Co., 1916.
WALKER, ALBERT H., “History of the Sherman Anti-Trust Law.” The Equity Press, 1910.
Magazine Articles
“Tendency of Modern Combination.” A. Youngman, Journal of Political Economy, Appendix, 1907.
“Protection Afforded by the Law,” Harper’s Weekly, Aug. 8, 1908.
“Onward March of Privileged Wealth,” Arena, Jan., 1909.
“State Partnership with Business,” Independent, Feb. 18, 1909.
“Government Investigation,” Current Literature, June, 1909.
“Sherman Law Decisions and Possible Results,” Harper’s, Dec. 11, 1909.
“Argument for Publicity,” Review of Reviews, Oct., 1911.
“Recent Trust Decisions,” Political Science Quarterly, Dec., 1911.
“Trust-Busting vs. Regulation,” Outlook, Aug. 2, 1913.
“Monopoly,” Outlook, Oct. 12, 1912.
“Morgan-Rockefeller-Carnegie, a Digest of Their Testimony Before the Industrial Relations Commission, Harper’s Weekly, Feb. 20, 1915.
“Coming to Grips with Monopoly,” New Republic, Mar. 28, 1923.
“LaFollette and Standard Oil,” by W. Hard, Nation, Sept. 17, 1924.
RAILROAD PROBLEMS AND REBATES
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania vs. Pennsylvania R. R. Co., United Pipe Lines, etc. Testimony, 1879.
State of New York, Report of Special Committee on Railroads, New York State Assembly, 1879.
Interstate Commerce Commission Bill. See Congressional Record, Vol. 17, 1886, 1st Sess., 49th Cong., pp. 3861, 4118, 4344, 4706, 4874, 6815, 7247, 7203, 7250, 7269, 7308, 7350.
FERNON, T. S., “Notes on the Anti-Discrimination Craze in the Pennsylvania Legislature.” Philadelphia, 1883.
MOODY, JOHN, “The Railroad Builders.” Chronicles of America Series, 1919, Yale Press.
PARSONS, FRANK, “The Heart of the Railroad Problem.” Little, Brown, & Co., Boston, 1906.
RIPLEY, WILLIAM Z., “Railway Problems.” Ginn & Co., 1913.
RIPLEY, WILLIAM Z., “Railroads; Rates and Regulation.” Longmans, Green, 1913.
WALKER, GUY MORRISON, “Railroad Rates and Rebates.” New York, 1917.
Magazine Articles
“Railway Discrimination and Industrial Combinations,” Annals of American Academy, Jan., 1900.
“Wealth and Secret Discrimination of Freight Rates,” Independent, Feb. 20, 1902.
“New Anti-Rebate Law,” Independent, Mar. 12, 1903.
“Unjust Discrimination,” Independent, Dec. 3, 1903.
“Atchinson Road’s Rebates,” Independent, Jan. 12, 1905.
“Railway Rebates and Preferences,” Outlook, July 1, 1905.
“Railroad Rebates,” McClure’s, Dec., 1905.
“Foraker, Opponent of Government Rate Making,” Harper’s Weekly, Mar. 11, 1906.
“Railroad Rate Debate in the Senate,” Independent, June 14, 1906.
“Railway Rebates and Earnings,” Independent, July 26, 1906.
“Important Rebate Decision,” Independent, July 12, 1906.
“Do the Railway Rate Law and the Sherman Anti-Trust Law Need Amendment?” Harper’s Weekly, Aug. 18, 1906.
“Secret Rates,” Outlook, May 4, 1907.
“Decision as Regards Railway Rebates,” Outlook, Mar. 7, 1908.
“No Rebates by Contract,” Outlook, Mar. 28, 1908.
“Oil Trust Rebate Case,” Independent, Mar. 18, 1909.
“Strengthening the Elkins Act,” Journal of Political Economy, April, 1909.
“Railroad Freight Rates in Relation to Industry and Commerce,” Nation, October 14, 1909.
“Early Railroad Monopoly and Discriminations in Rhode Island,” Yale Review, Nov., 1909.
“Rebate Conspiracy,” Cosmopolitan, Dec., 1909.
“Questions About Rebates,” Outlook, Dec. 9, 1911.
“Decline in Exports with Drawback Allowance,” Iron Age, Jan. 8, 1914
“Railroads Still Rebating,” Literary Digest, Feb. 14, 1914.
“Railway Discriminations,” Journal of Political Economy, May, 1912.
“Railroad Rate Situation,” Journal of Political Economy, Nov., 1912.
STANDARD OIL COMPANY
State of Pennsylvania. Standard Oil Company Investigation, Report to Governor, Philadelphia, 1884.
State of Ohio. Report of Attorney-General. 1899.
State of Ohio. Attorney-General Monnett vs. Buckeye Pipe Line Co., Solar Refining Co., Standard Oil Company. Decided Jan. 30, 1900—61st Ohio State Reports, 520
State of Missouri. Attorney-General Hadley vs. Standard Oil Co. of Indiana, Waters-Pierce Oil Co. and Republic Oil Co. No. 218 Missouri Reports, Mar. 9, 1908.
Circuit Court of United States, Southern District of Ohio, Eastern Division. Case of Parker Handy & John Paton, Trustees, vs. Cleveland and Marietta Railroad Co., et al. 1885.
United States Supreme Court, Lake Shore and Michigan Central Railway Co. vs. Scofield, Shurmer and Teagle. Transcript of Record, October term 1886, No. 1, 290.
United States Bureau of Corporations, Report of Commissioner of Corporations on Petroleum Industry. Washington, 1907.
United States Bureau of Corporations, Statement of Commissioner in answer to allegations of Standard Oil Company concerning its conviction at Chicago for accepting concessions on shipments over Chicago and Alton Railroad. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1907.
Interstate Commerce Commission, Report on Discriminations and Monopolies in Coal and Oil, 1907.
United States Circuit Court of Appeals—7th Circuit. Opinion Reversing Judgment of United States District Court—United States vs. Standard Oil Co. of Indiana, Chicago, 1908.
United States Circuit Court for Eastern Division of East Judicial District of Missouri, United States of America vs. Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey. Vols I and 2, Washington, 1909.
United States Supreme Court, Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey vs. United States of America. Opinion delivered by Mr. Chief Justice White; dissenting opinion by Mr. Justice Harlan, delivered May 15, 1911. (U. S. Senate, 62nd Cong., 1st Sess., Doc. No. 34). Washington, Government Printing Office, 1911.
United States Senate, Industrial Relations Committee Report. Sen. Doc. 415, 64th Cong., 1st Sess.
BUTLER, BENJAMIN F. “Argument Before Committee on Commerce of House of Representatives for an Investigation of the Monopolies of the Standard Oil Co. and its Subsidiaries.” Washington, Gibson Bros., 1880.
Four Brothers Independent Oil Co., “Oil War! to the Consumers of Kerosene Oil.” Artist Printing Co., Williamsett, Mass., 1909.
General Service Corporation, “Report on Standard Oil Co. and former Subsidiaries.” F. S. Smithers & Co., New York, 1912.
History of the Organization, Purposes and Transactions of the General Council of the Petroleum Producers’ Unions, and of the Suits and Prosecutions Instituted by it from 1878 to 1880. 1880.
HUBBARD, ELBERT, “H. H. Rogers, Little Journeys to the Homes of Great Business Men.” New York, 1909.
HUBBARD, ELBERT, “The Standard Oil Company.” The Roycrofters, East Aurora, New York, 1910.
KLEIN, HENRY H., “Standard Oil or the People: The Cause of ‘Hard Times’ in America.” The Author, New York, 1914.
LLOYD, HENRY DEMAREST, “Wealth Against Commonwealth.” New York, 1904.
Oil City Derrick, “Pure Oil Trust vs. Standard Oil Co., being report of an investigation by United States Industrial Commission compiled from private and official sources, 1899-1900.” Derrick Publishing Co., Oil City, Pa., 1901.
Oil and Petroleum Manual, Year Book, 1910-1931.
RICE, GEORGE, “Standard Oil Company and Standard Oil Trust.” Marietta, Ohio, 1897.
TARBELL, IDA M., “History of the Standard Oil Company,” 2 vols. The Macmillan Co., 1904.
“Truth’s” Investigator, “The Great Oil Octopus.” T. F. Unwin, London, 1911.
SHERMAN, ROGER, “The Standard Oil Trust: The Gospel of Greed.” New York, 1892.
WINSTON, A. P., “Public Opinion and the Standard Oil Company.” Nixon-Jones Printing Co., St. Louis, 1908.
Magazine Articles
“Policy, Methods and Aims of Standard Oil Company,” by John D. Rockefeller. Engineering Magazine, Jan., 1901.
“Genesis of Standard Oil,” by W. M. Clemens. New England Magazine, Mar., 1902.
“Rise and Supremacy of Standard Oil,” by G. H. Montague. Quarterly Journal of Economy, Feb., 1902.
“Standard Oil Company,” by G. H. Montague. Independent, Sept. 17, 1903.
“New Benefits to Oil and Steel Workingmen,” Gunton’s, Feb., 1903.
“Later History of the Standard Oil Co.,” by G. H. Montague. Quarterly Journal of Economy, Feb., 1902, Feb., 1903.
“Ida Tarbell’s Tale of the Standard Oil,” Gunton’s, Feb., 1904.
“Oil Fields and Pipe Lines of Kansas,” Outlook, May 6, 1905.
“Beef and Oil Trusts,” Independent, Mar. 2, 1905.
“Study of the Master Trust,” Arena, Oct., 1905.
“Kansas State Refinery Bill and Its Significance,” Arena, May, 1905.
“Legend of the Standard Oil Company,” by G. H. Montague. North American Review, Sept., 1905.
“Defense of Standard Oil,” Review of Reviews, Aug., 1905.
“Kansas Conscience,” Reader, Oct., 1905.
“President and Standard Oil,” World Today, June, 1906.
“Trail of Standard Oil,” Living Age, Nov. 17, 1906.
“Kansas Oil Rates Complaints,” Outlook, Apr. 14, 1906.
“Ohio Standard Oil Case,” Outlook, Nov. 3, 1906.
“Roosevelt’s Message and the Garfield Report,” Outlook, May 12, 1906.
“Standard Oil Convicted,” Outlook, Oct. 27, 1906.
“Standard Oil on Trial,” Outlook, Nov. 24, 1906.
“Kansas Oil Producers’ Problems,” Outlook, Feb. 10, 1906.
“Commissioner Garfield and the Standard Oil Trust,” Outlook, Dec. 15, 1906.
“Profits of Standard Oil,” Outlook, Dec. 15, 1906.
“Standard Oil on the Defensive,” Outlook, May 26, 1906.
“Standard Oil Cases,” Independent, Nov. 22, 1906.
“Indictments,” Current Literature, Sept., 1906.
“Is the Senate the Corrupt Tool of the Standard Oil Company?” Arena, Jan., 1906.
“At the Bar,” Arena, Mar., 1906.
“Standard Oil Report,” Outlook, June 1, 1907.
“Standard Oil Decision and the Stock Exchange Collapse,” Nation, Aug. 15, 1907.
“Standard Oil Fine,” North American Review, Sept., 1907.
“Standard Oil Troubles,” Nation, Aug. 8, 1907.
“Judge Landis’ Decision,” Outlook, Jan. 19, 1907.
“Production of Oil,” Outlook, Sept. 28, 1907.
“Oil Prices and Standard Oil Profits,” Outlook, Aug. 24, 1907.
“Monopoly Methods,” Outlook, Feb. 9, 1907.
“Standard Oil Defense,” Outlook, Aug. 31, 1907.
“Transportation Phase of the Oil Industry,” Journal of Political Economy, Oct., 1907.
“Standard Oil Company at the Bar,” Current Literature, Sept., 1907.
“Oil Trust Fined $29,240,000,” Aug. 8, 1907.
“Oil Trust Trial,” Independent, Sept. 26, Oct. 17, 1907.
“Oil Trust Suits,” Independent, Aug. 15, 1907.
“Interstate Commerce Commission’s Report,” Arena, Mar., 1907.
“Methods,” Independent, Feb. 7, 1907.
“Progress in the Big Fine Case,” Outlook, Nov. 21, 1908.
“Standard Oil Case,” by G. H. Montague, Outlook, Sept. 19, 1908.
“Rehearing in the Indiana Case,” Outlook, Aug. 29, 1908.
“Oil Trust and the Government,” Political Science Quarterly, Mar., 1908.
“Reversion of Judge Landis’ Judgment,” Outlook, Aug., 1908.
“Petroleum, a Great American Industry,” Independent, Mar. 5, 1908.
“Oil Trust Judgment Annulled,” Independent, July 30, 1908.
“Oil Trust and the Campaign,” Independent, Oct. 1, 1908.
“Story of Hisgen and the Octopus,” Current Literature, Sept., 1908.
“Escape of the Standard Oil Company,” Current Literature, Sept., 1908.
“Standard Oil and the Conscience of the Nation,” Arena, Dec., 1908.
“Popular Rule or Standàrd Oil Supremacy, Which Shall It Be?,” Arena, Mar., 1908.
“Methods of Standard Oil Co.,” American Magazine, Dec., 1908.
“Standard Oil and the Courts,” Nation, July 30, 1908.
“World-Wide Triumphs,” by C. M. Keys, World’s Work, Aug., 1908.
“Word to the Standard Oil Company,” World’s Work, Nov., 1908.
“How the Standard Oil Does Its Business,” World’s Work, Sept., 1908.
“Great Standard Oil Fine,” World’s Work, Sept., 1908.
“Government vs. Standard Oil Company,” World’s Work, Sept., 1908.
“Commissioner of Corporations and Standard Oil Co.,” Outlook, Jan. 4, 1908.
“Dissolution of Oil Trust Ordered,” Independent, Nov. 25, 1909.
“Standard Oil Decision,” Nation, Nov. 25, 1909.
“Chapter in High Finance,” Nation, May 27, 1909.
“New Trial for the Standard Oil Company,” Outlook, Jan. 16, 1909.
“Standard Oil in Missouri and Texas,” Outlook, Feb. 13, 1909.
“Unconscious Pirates,” Nation, Apr. 22, 1909.
“Standard Oil Case,” Outlook, Dec. 4, 1909.
“Standard Oil Acquitted in Big Fine Case,” Outlook, Mar. 20, 1909.
“Experiences in the Oil Business,” by John D. Rockefeller. World’s Work, Mar., 1909.
“Standard Oil and Other Decisions Under the Sherman Anti-Trust Law,” World’s Work, Jan., 1910.
“Defense of Standard,” Outlook, Mar. 26, 1910.
“Trusting Prosperity,” Independent, Mar. 17, 1910.
“Standard Oil Decision,” by A. D. Noyes, Forum, Jan., 1910.
“Another Blow at Standard Oil,” Current Literature, Jan., 1910.
“Supreme Court and Standard Oil,” Current Literature, June, 1911.
“Doom of the Monopolizing Trust,” World’s Work, July, 1911.
“Standard Oil Ex-Subsidiaries,” Review of Reviews, Oct., 1911.
“Standard Oil Decision—and After,” by Theodore Roosevelt, Outlook, June 3, 1911.
“Standard Oil Decision—an Interpretation,” Outlook, May 27, 1911.
“Dissolution of Standard Oil,” Outlook, Aug. 12, 1911.
“After the Standard Oil Decision,” Nation, May 25, 1911.
“Standard Oil Company—Bankers,” by J. Moody and G. K. Turner, McClure’s, Mar., 1911.
“Empire of Oil,” Living Age, May 20, 1911.
“Condemnation of the Standard Oil Trust,” Living Age, June 24, 1911.
“Supreme Court Speaks,” by E. G. Lowry, Harper’s, June 3, 1911.
“Results of the Standard Oil Decision,” by F. B. Kellogg, Review of Reviews, June, 1912.
“In Status Quo,” Nation, Sept. 5, 1912.
“Greatest Killing in Wall Street,” McClure’s, Aug., 1912.
“Standard Oil at 900,” Literary Digest, Mar. 30, 1912.
“Dissolved Trusts Under Scrutiny,” Literary Digest, June 15, 1912.
“Higher Standard Oil Dividends,” Literary Digest, Nov. 30, 1912.
“How a Dissolved Trust Prospers,” Literary Digest, Mar. 23, 1912.
“Germany Ousting Standard Oil,” Literary Digest, Nov. 23, 1912.
“After Standard Oil in Germany and Asia,” Literary Digest, Oct. 26, 1912.
“Standard Oil and the Judiciary,” Hearst’s Magazine, Sept., 1912.
“What’s the Explanation?” Everybody’s, June, 1912.
“Steel and Oil Prosperity,” Literary Digest, Apr. 4, 1914.
“Standard Oil and China, Partners,” Literary Digest, Feb. 28, 1914
“Employee Representation in Standard Oil,” Independent Management, May, 1920.
“Speeches at Standard Oil Meeting of Employees and Company’s Representatives,” Independent Management, July, 1920.
“Fifty Years of the Standard Oil Company,” World’s Work, Mar., 1920.
“Standard Oil Melons,” Literary Digest, Oct. 28, 1922.
“Rockefeller Money in Oil,” Literary Digest, Apr. 21, 1923.
“No One Man Ownership in Standard Oil,” Literary Digest, Jan. 13, 1923.
“Vision of Dollar Gasoline,” Literary Digest, Mar. 17, 1923.
“Standard Oil Salaries,” Literary Digest, Mar. 3, 1923.
“Is the Standard Oil Crumbling?” by Ida M. Tarbell, New Republic, Nov. 14, 1923.
“Sinclair vs. Standard Oil in Russia,” Nation, Aug. 6, 1924.
“After Standard Oil Again,” Literary Digest, July 12, 1924.
“Standard Oil Greater but Less Dominant,” Literary Digest, June 14, 1924.
“Black Golconda, the Evolution of Standard Oil,” by I. F. Marcosson, Saturday Evening Post, May 3, 1924.
“Where Workers Are Partners: Standard Oil Company of New Jersey,” by W. C. Teagle, World’s Work, July, 1924.
“America and Mosul,” by L. Fischer, Nation, Dec. 30, 1925.
“Standard’s Place in the Oil Business: Recommendations of the Federal Trade Commission,” Literary Digest, Mar. 28, 1925.
GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS
Testimony Before Sub-Committee on Privileges and Elections, United States Senate, 62nd Cong., 3rd Sess. Senate Resolutions 79, 386, 418, Moses E. Clapp, chairman. Government Printing Office, Washington, 1913.
ACHESON, SAM HANNA, “Joe Bailey, the Last Democrat.” The Macmillan Co., 1932.
ADAMS, F. B., “The Waters-Pierce Case in Texas.” Skinner and Kennedy, St. Louis, Mo., 1908.
BEER, THOMAS, “Hanna.” A. A. Knopf, 1929.
BISHOP, JOSEPH B., “Charles Joseph Bonaparte, His Life and Services.” Chas. Scribner’s Sons, 1922.
BISHOP, JOSEPH B., “Theodore Roosevelt and His Time,” 2 vols. Chas. Scribner’s Sons, 1920.
BUSBY, L. W., “Uncle Joe Cannon.” Henry Holt & Co., 1927.
BUTT, ARCHIBALD W., “Taft and Roosevelt.” Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1930.
CRAWFORD, W. L., “The Whole Story of the Unholy Alliance Between Senator Bailey and Standard Oil.” Eclectic News Bureau, Dallas, 1907.
CROLY, HERBERT S., “William Howard Taft.” Minton, Balch, 1930.
FORAKER, JOSEPH BENSON, “Notes of a Busy Life.” Stewart and Kidd Co., Cincinnati, 1916.
LAFOLLETTE, ROBERT, “Autobiography.” R. M. LaFollette Publishing Co., Madison, Wis., 1913.
LAWSON, THOMAS W., “Frenzied Finance.” Ridgway-Thayer Co., New York, 1904.
KENNAN, GEORGE, “E. H. Harriman.” Houghton Mifflin Co., 1922.
MOTT, T. BENTLEY, “Myron T. Herrick, Friend of France.” Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1929.
PRINGLE, HENRY F., “Theodore Roosevelt.” Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1931.
OLCOTT, CHARLES S., “Life of William McKinley.” Houghton Mifflin Co., 1916.
ODEGARD, P. H., “Pressure Politics.” Columbia University Press, 1928.
STEFFENS, LINCOLN, “Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens.” Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1931.
WINKLER, JOHN K., “W. R. Hearst, an American Phenomenon.” Simon and Schuster, 1928.
Magazine Articles
“Treason of the Senate,” by David Graham Phillips, Cosmopolitan, Feb., 1906.
“Justice vs. Politics,” Harper’s Weekly, Sept. 21, 1907.
“Virtues and Vices of the Government,” Outlook, Sept. 28, 1907.
“More Archbold Letters,” Independent, Oct. 29, Nov. 5, 1908.
“Additional Archbold Letters,” Independent, Oct. 8, 1908.
“Archbold and Foraker Letters,” World’s Work, Nov., 1908.
“Foraker and Standard Oil,” Nation, Sept. 24, 1908.
“Hearst’s Forgeries,” by A. H. Gleason, Collier’s, Oct. 5, 1912.
“Roosevelt and Standard Oil,” by A. M. Law, Harper’s Weekly, Sept. 7, 1912.
“Penrose Accusations,” Literary Digest, Aug. 31, 1912.
“Campaign Funds in 1904 and 1912,” Literary Digest, Sept. 7, 1912.
“Another Standard Oil Lesson,” by W. R. Hearst, Hearst’s Magazine, Dec., 1912.
“More Letters Relating to Mr. Roosevelt and Republican Campaign Committees,” by W. R. Hearst, Hearst’s Magazine, Nov., 1912.
“More Standard Oil Letters,” by W. R. Hearst, Hearst’s Magazine, Oct., 1912.
“New Standard Oil Letters and Their Lessons,” Hearst’s Magazine, June, July, Aug., 1912.
“Lesson of the Standard Oil Letters,” by W. R. Hearst, Hearst’s Magazine, May, 1912.
“History of the Standard Oil Letters,” Hearst’s Magazine, May, 1912.
“Letters to Standard Oil Faithfuls,” Hearst’s Magazine, May, 1913.
“Friendly Letters of Standard Oil,” Hearst’s Magazine, Apr., 1913.
“When Standard Oil Carried West Virginia,” Hearst’s Magazine, Mar., 1913.
“Standard Oil Spider and the Senatorial Fly,” Hearst’s Magazine, Jan., 1913.
“Standard Oil Treacheries,” Hearst’s Magazine, June, 1913.
“Standard Oil and Its Hirelings of the Press,” Hearst’s Magazine, July. 1913.
JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania vs. John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, J. A. Bostwick, Daniel O’Day, William G. Warden, Charles Lockhart, H. M. Flagler, Jacob J. Vandergrift, Charles Pratt, and George W. Girty. Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the County of Clarion, Pennsylvania, 1879.
Standard Oil Co. vs. William Scofield et al. Court of Common Pleas, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, 1880.
Case of James Corrigan vs. John D. Rockefeller. Court of Common Pleas, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, 1897.
Anti-Saloon League Year Book, 1908-present.
CHERRINGTON, E. H., “History of Anti-Saloon League.” American Issue Publishing Co., 1913, Westerville, Ohio.
“Famous Living Americans.” C. Webb & Co., Greencastle, Ind., 1915.
FORBES, B. C., “Men Who Are Making America.” B. C. Forbes Publishing Co., 1916-17.
GATES, FREDERICK T., “The Truth About Mr. Rockefeller and the Merritts.” G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1911.
HARDEN, MAXMILIAN, “Monarchs and Men.” John C. Winston Co., Philadelphia, 1913.
HOWE, M. A. DEWOLFE, “Causes and Their Champions.” Little, Brown, & Co., Boston, 1926.
HUBBARD, SILAS, “John D. Rockefeller and His Career.” 1904.
ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D., “Random Reminiscences of Men and Events.” Doubleday, Page & Co., New York, 1909.
ROCKEFELLER, JOHN D., Jr., “Addresses Delivered at Pueblo, Col., at joint meeting of employees and representatives of Colorado Fuel and Iron Co.” W. H. Kistler Stationery Co., Denver, 1915.
SPARGO, JOHN, “A Socialist View of Mr. Rockefeller.” C. H. Kerr & Co., Chicago, 1905.
YOUNG, JOSIAH R., “Satan’s Reception of John D., a Satirical Poem.” The Knapp Press, New York, 1907.
Magazine Articles
“Character Sketch of John D. Rockefeller,” by Julian Ralph, Cosmopolitan, June, 1902.
“French Judgment of John D. Rockefeller,” Review of Reviews, Apr., 1904.
“Rockefeller’s Sermon,” Outlook, Oct. 7, 1905.
“Lengthened Shadow of a Man,” Current Literature, June, 1905.
“Study of Character, Motive and Duty,” by W. G. Joerns, Arena, Aug., 1905.
“Rockefeller as a Truth Teller,” by W. Gladden, Independent, June 8, 1905.
“How the Richest Man in the World Observes Christmas,” Woman’s Home Companion, Dec., 1905.
“Rockefeller and Mob Opinion,” World’s Work, Sept., 1906.
“Protecting the World’s Richest Man,” by William R. Stewart, Pearson’s Magazine, Oct., 1906.
“Rockefeller’s Protest,” Independent, Oct. 11, 1906.
“One Kind Word for John D.,” by Frederick Palmer, Collier’s, 1906.
“Opportunity in America,” Cosmopolitan, Aug., 1907.
“Limiting Opportunity,” Independent, Aug. 15, 1907.
“Thirty-two Millions,” Independent, Feb. 14, 1907.
“Bright Side of Rockefeller,” Current Literature, Mar., 1907.
“Roosevelt vs. Rockefeller,” by Ida M. Tarbell, American Mercury, Dec. and Jan., 1908.
“Mr. Dooley on a New Literary Light,” by F. P. Dunne, American Mercury, Dec., 1908.
“Owners of America,” by A. H. Lewis, Cosmopolitan, Nov., 1908.
“Two John D. Rockefellers,” Current Literature, Nov., 1908.
“Rockefeller Will Vote for Taft,” Independent, Nov. 5, 1908.
“Master Builder of Standard Oil,” by S. C. T. Dodd, Review of Reviews, Mar., 1908.
“Impressions of Rockefeller,” by F. N. Doubleday, World’s Work, Sept., 1908.
“Simplicity of Rockefeller,” Current Literature, May, 1909.
“Country Home of Rockefeller,” House Beautiful, June, 1909.
“Rockefeller at Play,” by W. Hemmingway, Harper’s Weekly, Feb. 13, 1909.
“Religion and Conduct,” Living Age, July 24, 1909.
“Random Reminiscences of Men and Events,” by John D. Rockefeller, World’s Work, Oct., 1908 to Apr., 1909.
“Intimate View of Rockefeller,” American Magazine, Nov., 1910.
“Uncle Sam’s Present to John D. Rockefeller,” Current Literature, Sept., 1912.
“Tolstoy and Rockefeller,” by M. Harden, Bookman, Dec., 1912.
“American Millionaire’s Hobby,” House Beautiful, Mar., 1913.
“Rockefeller’s Dilemma,” by L. Wallis, Harper’s Weekly, Nov. 8, 1913.
“Cunning and Dishonest,” by Frank P. Walsh, Survey, Nov. 14, 1914.
“Federal Industrials Relations Commission and Rockefeller Bureau,” Survey, Oct. 10, 1914.
“John D. Lets the Cat Out of the Bag,” Current Opinion, Nov., 1917.
“Sargent’s Rockefeller,” New Republic, Feb. 9, 1918.
“John D. Now Plays 100 Per Cent Golf,” Literary Digest, May 24, 1919.
“Paul Manship’s Dramatic Vision of Rockefeller,” Current Opinion, July, 1920.
“Mr. Rockefeller in Art,” Literary Digest, June 19, 1920.
“Our Biggest Money Maker,” Literary Digest, July 9, 1921.
“Recollections of J. D.,” by G. D. Rogers, Saturday Evening Post, July 30, 1921.
“More About J. D.,” by G. D. Rogers, Saturday Evening Post, Dec. 10, 1921.
“Billionaire Era: The Rockefellers and Ford,” by A. Train, Forum, Dec., 1924.
“When I Caddied for John D.,” by J. O’Donnel, Collier’s, Aug. 1, 1925
“His Master’s Voice,” by Henry Pringle, American Mercury, Oct., 1925
“Ivy Lee, Minnesinger to Millionaires,” New Republic, Nov. 20, 1929.
“Black Legend,” Atlantic Monthly, May, 1929.
PHILANTHROPIES
General Education Board. An Account of Its Activities, 1902-1914. Yearly Report, 1914 to present.
Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial. Annual Report 1922 to 1928.
For later years see Rockefeller Foundation with which Memorial was merged in 1929.
Rockefeller Foundation. Annual Report, 1913-1930. New York, Rockefeller Foundation.
Rockefeller Foundation. Information furnished by Rockefeller Foundation in response to questionnaire submitted by United States Industrial Relations Commission. New York, 1915.
Rockefeller Foundation. The Philanthropic Boards Established by John D. Rockefeller, New York, 1916.
Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. History, Organization and Scope of Scientific Work. New York, 1906, 1911-12, 1914, 1921, 1923-24, 1926-29, 1931.
Magazine Articles
“Gift of $10,000,000 for Colleges,” Review of Reviews, Aug., 1905.
“Rockefeller and the American Board of Foreign Missions,” Outlook, Apr. 1-22, 1905.
“Report of Prudential Committee of American Board,” Outlook, Apr. 22, 1905.
“Scapegoat,” Outlook, Apr. 15, 1905.
“Church a Witness Bearer,” Outlook, Apr. 22, 1905.
“God’s Gold,” Missionary Review, May, 1905.
“Reply to Dr. Gladden by Starr J. Murphy,” Independent, May 18, 1905.
“Church and the Reward of Iniquity,” by W. Gladden, Independent, Apr. 20, 1905.
“Tainted Money,” Independent, Apr. 6, 1905.
“Correspondence on the Rockefeller Gift,” by J. L. Barton, Independent, Apr. 20, 1905.
“Rockefeller and the American Board of Missions,” Current Literature, May, 1905.
“Baptists and Mr. Rockefeller,” by J. B. Calvert, Independent, Feb. 1, 1906.
“King’s Ransom for American Education,” Outlook, Feb. 16, 1907.
“Gift to General Education Board,” Science, Feb. 15, 1907.
“Clergyman on Rockefeller’s Grip on the Baptist Church,” Arena, Feb., 1909.
“Rockefeller’s Greatest Gift,” by W. H. Allen, Survey, May 15, 1909.
“Founding a Philanthropic Trust,” Current Literature, Apr., 1910.
“Universal Benefaction,” Harper’s, Mar. 12, 1910.
“Looking a Gift Horse in the Mouth,” by A. J. Portenar, Independent, June 23, 1910.
“Rockefeller Intends to Establish a Benevolent Corporation,” Independent, Mar. 10, 1910.
“Questioned Benefaction,” Independent, June 23, 1910.
“Bill to Incorporate the Rockefeller Foundation,” Nation, Mar. 10, 1910.
“Philanthropy and Poet,” Nation, Mar. 17, 1910.
“Great Endowment,” Outlook, Mar. 12, 1910.
“Final Rockefeller Gift to University of Chicago,” Outlook, Dec. 31, 1910.
“Congress and the Rockefeller Foundation,” Jan. 7, 1910.
“Incorporated Charities,” Popular Science, Apr., 1910.
“University of Chicago and Rockefeller,” Science, Dec. 30, 1910.
“Should the Rockefeller Foundation Amend Its Charter?” Survey, Mar. 26, 1910.
“Reasons Against Federal Chartering of Rockefeller Foundation,” Survey, Mar. 26, 1910.
“Rockefeller Foundation,” by S. J. Murphy, Survey, Apr. 2, 1910.
“Rockefeller Foundation Charter,” Survey, Dec. 24, 1910.
“Donation for Promotion of Human Welfare,” Survey, Mar. 12, 1910.
“Philanthropic Trust,” World’s Work, May, 1910.
“Economic and Moral Aspect,” by W. Babcock, Survey, Mar. 11, 1911.
“Plan of Incorporation,” Survey, Jan. 14, 1911.
“Amending the Charter,” Survey, Jan. 14, 1911.
“Rockefeller Hundred Million Foundation,” Independent, Feb. 8, 1912.
“Charter of the Rockefeller Foundation,” Survey, Feb. 24, 1912.
“Rockefeller Foundation and Stricken Europe,” Outlook, Nov. 11, 1914.
“Rockefeller Foundation to Study Industrial Unrest,” Survey, Oct. 10, 1914.
“$20,000,000 to Improve Our Doctors,” Literary Digest, Oct. 18, 1919
“Gift for Improvement of Medical Education in the United States,” Science, Oct. 3, 1919.
“Gift for Medical Education from John D. Rockefeller,” School and Science, Oct. 4, 1919.
“Mr. Rockefeller’s Gifts,” Science, Jan. 2, 1920.
“Mr. Rockefeller’s Gift for Increased Salaries of Academic Teachers,” School and Science, Feb. 14, 1920.
“Mr. Rockefeller’s Gift for Education,” School and Science, Jan. 3, 1920.
“How the Rockefellers Give Millions,” Ladies’ Home Journal, Mar., 1925
“Responsibility of Wealth,” by A. Davis, Saturday Evening Post, May 23, 1925.
