Power & Market

La estrategia de salida de la Fed (en 2009)

Hace más de una década, el 21 de julio de 2009, el entonces presidente de la Reserva Federal, Ben Bernanke, escribió un artículo en el Wall Street Journal titulado The Fed’s Exit Strategy. Sus palabras son demasiado familiares, empezando por sus frases iniciales:

La profundidad y amplitud de la recesión mundial ha requerido una política monetaria muy acomodaticia. Desde el inicio de la crisis financiera, hace casi dos años, la Reserva Federal ha reducido casi a cero el objetivo de los tipos de interés para los préstamos a un día entre bancos (el tipo de los fondos federales).

Sigue con:

También hemos ampliado en gran medida el tamaño del balance de la Fed a través de compras de valores a largo plazo y de programas de préstamos específicos destinados a reactivar el flujo de crédito.

El 28 de julio de 2021, como si continuara donde lo dejó Bernanke, el actual presidente de la Fed, Jerome Powell, explica muchos años después:

Estas compras de activos contribuyen a fomentar el buen funcionamiento del mercado y unas condiciones financieras acomodaticias, apoyando así el flujo de crédito a los hogares y las empresas.

En casos de crisis inmobiliaria nacional o pandemia mundial, se supone que se inyecta dinero en el sistema para evitar la catástrofe. El flujo de crédito debe haber sido tan malo que requirió que el balance de la Fed alcanzara los 2 billones de dólares en julio de 2009. Siguió expandiéndose de forma constante, hasta llegar a los 8,3 billones de dólares actuales.

Entonces, ¿qué pasó con la estrategia de salida de la Fed?

En su carta, Bernanke escribió:

Sin embargo, en algún momento, a medida que la recuperación económica se afiance, tendremos que endurecer la política monetaria para evitar la aparición de un problema de inflación en el futuro.

Dada la tremenda expansión de las compras de activos desde 2009, es difícil saber cuándo comenzó exactamente la estrategia de salida.

Véase el balance de la Fed a continuación:

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Federal Reserve Balance Sheet 2021

According to Bernanke, the Fed devotes:

…considerable time to issues relating to an exit strategy. We are confident we have the necessary tools to withdraw policy accommodation, when that becomes appropriate, in a smooth and timely manner.

Sadly, like pulling troops out of a foreign nation, withdrawal is something which never comes easily.

He offers several ideas on how the Fed can be less accommodative, such as paying interest to banks on reserves held at the Fed or offering reverse repos, whereby the Fed sells a security to a bank with the promise to buy back the same security at a higher price. Per Bernanke, providing risk-free profits to wealthy intuitions will raise short-term interest rates and:

...limit the growth of broad measures of money and credit, thereby tightening monetary policy.

Unfortunately, the average person cannot access the Fed’s easy money programs, yet the average person is forced to accept these programs may create an “inflation problem.” Beyond perusing an old speech, wondering how society got here, Bernanke’s speech serves as a reminder that there really is no such thing as a Fed Exit Strategy.

In the realm of possibility, the Fed could one day dramatically reduce its balance sheet, no longer looking to control rates no matter the cost. However, nothing indicates this would be done voluntarily. Whether Bernanke, Powell, or the Chair who follows, no matter what the Fed says about tapering, tightening or tinkering with interest rates, they will never lift their foot from the gas pedal.

The Fed sets the rules to a game we all must partake in (as long as we use their dollars), therefore they have no incentive to ever stop playing. They have no desire to slow down the money creation scheme beyond a mild transient period. Raising rates is off the table, maybe even indefinitely. It follows, they will continue using Fedspeak to make excuses, justifying their interventions and trying their best to keep the general population unaware that this monetary experiment will not end well. 

Some of us may want a truly free market, but those with the most power and influence appear to be in no rush of finding this anytime soon. Price discovery will have to wait for another day…

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