Exchange, Prices, and Production in Hyper-Inflation

Index

INDEX

ABSOLUTE demand, see foreign exchange.

agriculture, 284-6, 311-12, 316.

Alsace-Lorraine, 18, 19, 20.

Angeli, J. W., 75, 142, 323.

BALANCE of trade, see foreign trade,

bank credit, 56-7, 62, 69, 181, 243.

bank deposits, 62, 66-9.

banking, 56-75.

bankruptcies, 278, 280.

banks, commercial, 58, 60-9, 74-5.

banks of issue, private, 66.

Beckhart, B. H., 104, 241.

Bergmann, Carl, 30, 257-8.

Beusch, Paul, 73.

Boards of Foreign Trade Control see foreign trade regulation. Briand, Aristide, 33.

building, 310-11.

business activity, 278-81, 312-13.

business practices, 87-94.

business regulation, 78-87.

CANNAN, Edwin, 35.

capital accumulation, 88-9, 246; see also capital equipment.

capital equipment, 242-3, 303, 306-13, 322-3; see also capital accumulation.

capital export, 50-4, 83.

capital goods, losses on sale of, 273-6.

capitalization, 181, 242-5.

Cassel, Gustav, 98.

circulation, see volume of circulating medium.

Cohen, Arthur, 39.

commercial bills, 61-6.

company formations, 278, 279.

conditional demand, see foreign exchange.

consolidations, 93-4.

consumption, 212, 218-19, 244, 249, 302-5, 306.

cost of living, 181, 203-8.

credit, foreign, 4, 8, 24-5, 134. 324-5.

currency issues, see note issues; volume of circulating medium.

DALBERG, Rudolf, 65.

Darlehnskassenscheine, see Loan Bureau notes.

Dawes Plan, see Reparations.

Dawson, Sir Philip, 242.

de Bordes, J. van Walré, 86.

debt, floating, 40-1, 45.7. national, 6, 7, 11.

Dessirier, Jean, 284-5, 287.

Diehl, Karl, 49.

discount rate, 62, 65-6.

distribution of wealth, 14-15, 87, 187-8, 192-3, 208, 241-4, 246, 277, 303-6.

Dulles, Eleanor L., 129.

Düsseldorf, occupation of, 31, 75.

ELASTICITY of demand, 145-6, 224-5,238.

employment, 278, 280-1, 282-3, 313, 317-18.

European paper currencies, 117-26.

exchange rates, 8, 18-21, 23-5, 28-30, 47-8.

of the mark against the dollar, 3-4, 7, 10, 13, 36, 42, 49. 50, 85-6, 156-9, 160-1.

relation to prices, 97-9, 113, 117-49, 153-73.

self-limiting and self-inflammatory movements, 136-44.

See also foreign exchange,

exports, see foreign trade.

prices of, see prices.

Eynern, Gert von, 50.

FINANCE, public, see public finance.

Fisher, Irving, 98, 108.

flight from the mark, 50-1, 53, 55, 143, 166.

foodstuffs, 78, 81, 303, 305.

foreign currencies in Germany, 73, 83.

foreign exchange, absolute and conditional demand for, 130-44, 166-7.

market, 127-48.

regulation of, 83-7.

speculation in, see speculation.

See also exchange rates,

foreign investment in Germany, 89, 134. 273-6.

foreign trade, 18-28, 209-38, 248-9, 260-76.

regulation of, 79-83, 126, 186, 187, 193-4, 209-14, 225, 238, 264, 268.

freight tonnage, 295-302, 316.

GALLATIN, Albert, 115.

Geyer, Curt, 94.

Giustiniani, Gaston, 94.

Glasenapp, Dr. von, 254.

government finances, see public finance.

government regulation of business, 4. 78-87.

Grünfeld, Ernst, 79-80.

HAHN, L. Albert, 61.

Hantos, Elemer, 77.

Havenstein, Rudolf, 12, 85.

Hawtrey, R. G., 25, 57.

Helfferich, Karl, 291, 304, 319.

Hirsch, Julius, 79-80, 310.

Home, Sir Robert, 257-8.

IMPORTS, see foreign trade.

prices of, see prices.

income, national, 22-3, 241-9, 250-1, 259, 277-8, 315-16, 317-20.

industry, see business activity; production.

inflation in Germany, attitude toward, 10-12.

causes of, 9, 16, 76-7.

character and scope of, 3-5.

circle of, 48. factors in, 16-77.

gains and losses from, 11-12, 14-15, 245-76, 281, 282-3, 287-8, 291-2, 313, 317-24.

incidence of, 89-90.

unique features of, 4-5, 8-9.

interest rate, 65-6, 74, 181, 243, 244, 323-4.;

international payments, 19, 23-7, 28-30, 123, 209, 255-8.

KAPP rebellion, 164.

Katzenellenbaum, S. S., 104, 114.

Kemmerer, E. W., 98.

Keynes, J. M., 114-15, 257-8.

Kindersley, Sir Robert, 33.

Kuczynski, R., 314.

LANSBURGH, Alfred, 62.

Loan Bureau notes, 5, 62, 69, 71.

loan negotiations, 33-4.

Long, R. C, 280, 310.

Luther, Hans, 14.

luxuries, consumption of, 81, 303.

MARTIN, Rudolph, 243.

McGuire, Constantine E., 23, 254, 257-8, 291.

McKenna, Reginald, 257-8.

McKenna Committee, 253, 254-5, 257-8, 275.

military sanctions, 75-6.

Mills, F. C., 176.

Mises, Ludwig, 27.

Mitchell, W. C., 112, 246.

Mombert, Paul, 49.

monetary turnover, 97-117, 163, 171, 172.

index of, 105-6.

Morgan, J. P., 33.

Moulton, H. G., 23, 254, 257-8, 291.

NATURAL resources, 21.

note issues of Reichsbank, see Reichsbank.

note issues, other than Reichsbank, 66, 69-72.

OVERHEAD costs, 88.

PIGOU, A. C., 98.

Poincaré, Raymond, 33, 57.

population, 17.

Posen, 18, 19.

price ratio, external-internal, 117-26, 214-15, 225-38, 273-4.

price regulation, domestic, 78-9.

export, see foreign trade regulation.

price theory, 97-149, 172-3.

prices, classified, 177-82.

correlations of, 190, 192, 202, 207-8.

dispersion of, 175-7.

domestic goods, 174, 182-4, 186-93.

exports, 81-3, 89-90, 182-4, 186-9, 192-3, 209-14, 225, 260-70; see also price ratio.

external, 154-68; see also price ratio.

finished goods, 193-7.

imports, 182-96, 209-10, 225, 260-70; see also price ratio.

internal, 153-73; see also price ratio.

raw materials, 193-7.

retail, 197-202.

securities, 177-81.

wholesale, 6, 7, 13, 36, 105-6, 197-202.

producers’ goods, see capital equipment.

production, 244, 247, 248-9, 281-320.

profits, 11, 88, 181, 187-8, 192-3, 196, 208, 244, 246, 247, 281.

property losses, 22-5, 135; see also capital goods, losses on sale of.

public finance, 6-7, 8, 9, 10-11, 14, 18, 22, 35-48, 57, 62, 196, 314.

purchasing power pars, 97-9, 117-26, 129, 144, 146-9.

QUITTNER, Paul, 241.

RAILROAD equipment, 307-10.

railroad traffic, see freight tonnage.

Rathenau, Walther, 34, 85. Reichsbank, 5, 8, 10-11, 45-7, 56-75, 83-7, 134, 167, 250-2.

Reichskassenscheine, see Treasury notes.

Reichsschatzwechsel, see Treasury bills.

Reinhold, P. P., 47.

rentals, house, 181, 244.

legislation concerning, 78-9, 174, 312, 314.

rentenmark, 3, 12, 86-7, 289.

reparations, 7-10, 14, 18, 22-3, 30-5, 44, 103, 134, 143, 165, 172, 210-11, 212, 248, 304, 324-5.

retail prices, see prices, retail.

revenue, see public finance.

Rist, Charles, 113.

Rogers, J. H., 101, 168-70.

Ruhr, 9-10, 30, 34, 75-6, 163, 248, 283-4, 292, 293, 318.

SALES of marks, 28, 53, 54-6, 84, 103, 135-6, 253-9, 321-2.

sales of specie, 250-3.

saving, 88-9, 244, 247, 306, 323-4.

Schacht, Hjalmar, 12, 14, 107.

Schwarz, A. R., 79-80.

shipbuilding, 306-7.

Singer, Kurt, 258.

speculation, 48-56.

stabilization, 12, 14, 242-4, 289-91, 323-4.

Stinnes, Hugo, 30, 93-4, 281.

stock exchange securities, see prices, securities.

Stresemann, Gustav, 14.

suzerainty, loss of, 22-3.

TARDIEU, André, 291.

tariff, 18, 31, 75, 80, 81-2, 185, 270-1.

tax reform, 36-7, 38.

taxes, 11, 18, 38-45, 75, 196, 314.

territory losses, 17-21.

Treasury bills, 5, 10, 13, 34, 36, 46, 57-61, 62-3, 66, 70-1.

Treasury notes, 5, 62, 69, 71.

Treaty of Versailles, 7, 11, 16-30, 135.

UNEMPLOYMENT, see employment.

Upper Silesia, 18, 19, 20, 166.

VELOCITY of circulation, see monetary turnover.

Versailles Treaty, see Treaty of Versailles.

volume of circulating medium, 5-6, 7, 13, 35, 36, 67, 71, 85, 101-2.

composition of, 69-70.

index of, 105-6, 156-9, 160, 161, 162.

relation to prices, 97-117, 153-63, 167-73.

shortage of, 104, 107.

WAGES, 73, 90-3, 111, 178-9, 180, 181, 197-8, 203-8, 244, 313-16.

war, Germany’s status at end of, 5-7, 16-17.

war losses, 16-30, 282, 286.

wealth, national, 22-3, 243-5, 277-8.

wealth per capita, 17-18, 21-2.

West Prussia, 18-19.

wholesale prices, see prices, wholesale.

Willis, H. P., 104, 241.

Wolff, Otto, 94.

YOUNG, Allyn A., 129.

Young Plan, see reparations.