Thanksgiving: Bradford’s 1623 Reform: Necessity, Ideology, and the Emergence of Modern Economic Thought

The transformation that occurred in Plymouth Colony in 1623, when Governor William Bradford abandoned the communal labor system and reassigned corn plots to individual households, has long been misunderstood. Popular narratives either reduce it to a bare logistical adjustment necessitated by famine or inflate it into a proto-capitalist awakening. Both interpretations flatten the complexity of what Bradford actually witnessed and recorded.

Charles de Montalembert: A Forgotten Pillar of Classical Liberalism

Among the many figures who contributed to the growth and refinement of classical liberalism in Europe, few are more deserving of renewed attention than Charles Forbes René de Montalembert (1810–1870). A French Catholic nobleman, publicist, parliamentarian, and intellectual, Montalembert stood at the center of the 19th century struggle to reconcile Catholicism with political liberty at a time when both reactionary monarchists and militant secularists claimed exclusive ownership of France’s future.

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Lorenzo Cianti is a student of Political Science and International Relations at Roma Tre University.

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