Labor Unions Are Anti-Labor

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Many Americans, perhaps a substantial majority, still believe that, irrespective of any problems they may have caused, labor unions are fundamentally an institution that exists in the vital self-interest of wage earners. Indeed, many believe that it is labor unions that stand between the average wage earner and a life of subsistence wages, exhausting hours of work, and horrific working conditions.

The Hanse Was More Radical than You Think

During the Commercial Revolution—roughly from the 10th to the 14th century—medieval Europe experienced a demographic recovery, an improvement in agricultural productivity, a revival of its long-distance trade, and the diffusion of market institutions. In this context, the Hanse were merchants from Lower Germany and the Elbe river basin who found themselves scattered across a vast region around the North and Baltic seas.

Ouki Furutsuki writes about monetary systems, institutional structures, and the underlying logic of economic sy

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Ilan Alon is Professor of International Business at the School of Business & Law, University of Agder, Norway, an