Ensuring private property rights was essential for the development of the capitalist economy in the Western world. To any of the libertarians such rights are sacred, however, not to governments. Governments consistently attempted to seize property by enforcing taxes and regulations preventing full order of such. This century is not without exceptions. The Lithuanian state is attempting to control the Lithuanian real estate market by imposing a universal real estate tax.

The price of copper has hit an all-time high. This represents a signal about the world economy. The euphemism on Wall Street for the implications of the price of copper is called Doctor Copper.

If the price of copper is moving higher, then Doctor Copper is diagnosing economic growth, or possibly an artificial economic boom. If the price of copper is moving lower, then Doctor Copper will diagnose an economic contraction, or economic bust, or even an economic crisis, brought on by the previous artificial economic boom.

In this age of the “decolonized curriculum,” universities have set out to decolonize the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. By “decolonize,” they simply mean that all fields of knowledge should reflect all cultures and not just what they see as “Western” science. Epistemology, too, has been decolonized.

The fundamental social phenomenon is the division of labor and its counterpart human cooperation.

- Ludwig Von Mises, Human Action, p. 151

From The Journal of Libertarian Studies, Vol. V, No. 4 (Fall 1981):

People act according to incentives, and university professors are no exception. Professors receive tenure and promotion based largely on the number and quality of papers they have published in their area of expertise. The number of papers published is a simple metric, but how should the quality of publishing be judged? Surely the quality of published research should be judged on the extent to which it benefits society.

Since the financial crisis, policymakers in Western economies have turned increasingly toward large-scale industrial policies. So-called mission-oriented policies are launched as a response to many perceived problems, notably climate change and the recent urge among Western countries to reduce their dependence on China.