On Freedom and Free Enterprise: Essays in Honor of Ludwig von Mises

Notes on the Contributors

 

 

CARLO ANTONI

Born at Trieste in 1896. Disciple of Benedetto Croce. As commissioner for foreign cultural relations from 1944 to 1947, he re-established cultural exchange with the United States, France, and England. Member of the National Council and secretary of the council for foreign affairs from 1946 to 1947. Professor at the University of Padua and since 1946 at the University of Rome where he teaches philosophy of history. At present professor of history of modern philosophy and director of the Institute of Philosophy. Associate founder of the Mont-Pèlerin Society, member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Einaudi Prize for philosophy, vice-president of the Italian Association for the Liberty of Culture, member of the Superior Council of Public Instruction.

Works: Dallo storicismo alla sociologia, 1940; La lotta contro la ragione, 1942; Considerazioni su Hegel e Marx, 1946; Commento a Croce, 1955.

FAUSTINO BALLVÉ

Born in Barcelona, Spain, in 1887. He studied juridical and economic science at the universities of Barcelona, Madrid, Berlin, and London. From 1915 to 1936 Dr. Ballvé practiced international and corporation law in Barcelona. Member of Parliament of the Spanish Republic. In 1939 he immigrated to France and in 1942 from there to Mexico City, where he is an attorney at law and professor of economics at the Technological Institute. Dr. Ballvé is the foremost representative of liberalism and adherent of the Austrian School of thought in Mexico. He is chairman of Ateneo Libertad and member of the board of Instituto de Investigations Sociales y Económicas.

Among his numerous writings are: La teoría jurídica del delito según Beling, Madrid, 1912; El socialismo y la guerra, Editorial Estudio, Barcelona, 1915; Spanien als Betätigungsfeld für Fremdenhandel und -industrie, Baedeker, Berlin, 1924; “Spanishes Recht” in Europabuch der Rechtsanwälte und Notare, Salaban, Berlin, 1926; Función de la tipicidad en la dogmática del delito, Mexico, 1951; Metodología Jurídica, Ediciones Botas, Mexico, 1955; Economía en diez lecciónes, Instituto de Investigaciones Soc. y Económicas, Mexico, 1955; La Crisis de la Libertad, Mexico, 1956.

LOUIS BAUDIN

Born in Brussels, Belgium, in 1887. Doctor of Juridical Science. Professor at the Faculté de Droit and Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales in Paris. Member of Conseil supérieur de l’Education Nationale; president of Association française de science économique; member of Institut de France.

Officer of the French Legion of Honour. Doctor “honoris causa” of several foreign universities.

Among his numerous writings are: Manuel d’économie politique in two volumes, presently in 7th edition; Précis d’histoire des doctrines économiques, in 4th edition; Le Système non règlementé des relations économiques internationales, also translated into English; Le corporatisme, 2nd edition; L’aube d’un nouveau libéralisme; Le crédit-La monnaie et la formation des prix, 2nd edition; La monnaie, 4th edition, also translated into Spanish and Portuguese; Le mécanisme des prix, also translated into Spanish; L’empire socialiste des Incas, 3rd edition, translated into Spanish; La vie de François Pizarre; Les Incas du Pérou, 3rd edition, translated into German; La vie quotidienne au temps des derniers Incas.

PERCY L. GREAVES, JR.

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1906. Mr. Greaves received a B.S. degree in Business Administration from Syracuse University in 1929. He did graduate work in economics at Columbia University and New York University. Mr. Greaves’ business experience has been largely in the advertising and public relations research field in the United States and abroad. From 1943 to 1945 he served as associate research director with the Republican National Committee and from 1945 to 1946 as assistant to minority members of the Joint Congressional Committee Investigation of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. In 1947 Mr. Greaves was committee expert for the preparation and passage of the Taft-Hartley Law. Since 1948 he has been free-lance research economist, writer, and lecturer. In 1950 he became economic adviser to the Christian Freedom Foundation and columnist for Christian Economics, in which capacities he is still serving. He is a member of Phi Kappa Phi, Beta Gamma Sigma, American Historical Association and the American Economic Association.

Works: Operation Immigration, 1947; Co-author of Perpetual War for Perpetual Peace, 1952. Author of many articles on economics, politics, and public affairs.

F. A. HARPER

Born in Middleville, Michigan, in 1905. He received his B.S. from Michigan State College in 1926, and his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1932. From 1928 until 1946 Dr. Harper taught economics and marketing at Cornell University. From 1930 to 1931 he served as research field agent for the Federal Farm Board, and in 1934 as business analyst for the Farm Credit Administration. He was acting head of the Department of Agricultural Economics at the University of Puerto Rico in 1937. Since 1946 Dr. Harper has been associated with the Foundation for Economic Education as economist.

Among his numerous writings are: Crisis of the Free Market, 1945; Liberty: A Path to its Recovery, 1949; Inflation, 1951; Morals and the Welfare State, 1951; Sequoyah: Symbol of Free Men, 1952; Gaining the Free Market, 1952. Contributor of articles to professional journals.

F. A. VON HAYEK

Born in Vienna, Austria, in 1899. He acquired doctorates in law and economics at the University of Vienna. After four years in the Austrian civil service interrupted by a year of graduate study in New York, he became, in 1926, director of the new Austrian Institute of Economic Research. He also taught economics at the University of Vienna. In 1931 he was appointed Tooke professor of economic science and statistics at the University of London, where he remained until 1950, in which year he accepted the invitation to become a professor of social and moral science at the University of Chicago—a position he still holds. Professor Hayek is a British citizen and Fellow of the British Academy.

Books published: Prices and Production, 1931; Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle, 1933 (from the German edition of 1929); Monetary Nationalism and International Stability, 1937; Profits, Interest, and Investment, 1939; The Pure Theory of Capital, 1941; The Road to Serfdom, 1944; Individualism and Economic Order, 1948; John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor, 1951; The Counter-Revolution of Science, 1952; The Sensory Order, 1952.

HENRY HAZLITT

Born in Philadelphia in 1894. Mr. Hazlitt started his editorial career in 1913 as a member of the staff of the Wall Street Journal. He became successively a financial editor, a literary editor and editorial staff writer with the New York Evening Post, the New York Evening Mail, the New York Herald, The Sun, The Nation, the American Mercury, The New York Times and The Freeman. Since 1946 Mr. Hazlitt has been associate editor of Newsweek and the author of the column, “Business Tides.”

Works: Thinking as a Science, 1916; Instead of Dictatorship, 1933; The Anatomy of Criticism, 1933; A New Constitution Now, 1942; Economics in One Lesson, 1946; Will Dollars Save the World? 1947; The Great Idea, 1951.

W. H. HUTT

Born in London in 1899. He attended the London School of Economics and after graduation took employment in business. In 1928 he was appointed professor of commerce at the University of Capetown, South Africa, where he is now dean of the Faculty of Commerce. W. H. Hutt is an eminent defender of individual liberty and the market economy in South Africa. He ardently opposes the interventionist and segregational policies of his government.

Works: The Theory of Collective Bargaining, 1930; Economists and the Public, 1936; The Theory of Idle Resources, 1939; Plan for Reconstruction, 1943.

BERTRAND DE JOUVENEL

Born in Paris, France, in 1903. Mr. de Jouvenel is the descendant of a famous family which gave France noted statesmen and writers. He studied mathematics and law. After graduation he entered French politics, but he soon discovered that his heart lay with journalism. In the following years he became an active reporter on international affairs. In the latter part of World War II he took refuge in Switzerland where he completed his great work Du Pouvoir which is a keen analysis of present-day totalitarianism. In 1947 he was called to the University of Manchester where he lectured on society and sovereignty. He is known for his reports on the current scene to English, American, and French periodicals and as a regular columnist for La Gazette de Lausanne. He is now president of a bureau of economic research in Paris.

Among his many writings are: The Crisis of American Capitalism, 1933; Problems of Socialist England, 1946; Du Pouvoir, 1945, published in English, On Power, in 1948; Ethics of Redistribution, 1951; The Political Good, 1955.

L. M. LACHMANN

Born in Berlin in 1906. Dr. Lachmann studied at the University of Berlin where he graduated in 1930. He emigrated to the United Kingdom in 1933 and completed a degree of M.Sc. Econ., University of London in 1935. From 1938-1940, he held the Leon Research Fellowship of the University of London and was appointed assistant lecturer on the staff of the University College, London, in 1941. From 1943-1948 Professor Lachmann was acting head of the Department of Economics and Commerce of the University College, Hull. He was appointed as professor of economics and head of the Department of Economics and Economic History at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1948, where he is presently teaching.

His principal works are: “Commodity Stocks and Equilibrium,” in Review of Economic Studies, June, 1936; “Uncertainty and Liquidity Preference,” Economica, August, 1937; “Investment and Costs of Production,” American Economic Review, October, 1937; “On the Measurement of Capital,” Economica, November, 1941; “The Role of Expectations in Economics as a Social Science,” Economica, February, 1943; “Finance Capitalism?” Economica, May, 1944; “Complementarity and Substitution in the Theory of Capital,” Economica, May, 1947; “Investment Repercussions,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, November, 1948; “Economics as a Social Science,” (Inaugural Lecture), 1950; “The Science of Human Action,” Economica, November, 1951.

FRITZ MACHLUP

Born in Wiener Neustadt, Austria, in 1902. In 1923 he received a Ph.D. degree from the University of Vienna. Dr. Machlup lectured at the Volkshochschule in Vienna from 1929 to 1933 and then came to the United States as a research fellow sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation. In 1935 he became a visiting lecturer at Harvard University and later accepted the Frank H. Goodyear chair in economics at the University of Buffalo, where he stayed until 1947. In the same year he was appointed Abram G. Hutzler professor of political economy at Johns Hopkins University where he is still teaching. He is a member of the American Economic Association (board of editors, 1938-41, acting managing editor, 1944-45), the Royal Economic Society, the Econometric Society, the American Association of University Professors, Phi Beta Kappa (hon.).

Among his many writings are: The Stock Market, Credit and Capital Formation, 1940; International Trade and the National Income Multiplier, 1943; The Basing Point System, 1949; The Political Economy of Monopoly, 1952; The Economics of Sellers’ Competition, 1952.

WILLIAM H. PETERSON

Born in New York in 1921. Dr. Peterson studied at New York University where he received his B.S. and Ph.D., and at Columbia University where he received his M.S. He lectured at Rutgers University, 1948-1952, at Columbia University, 1949-1950, and at Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, 1949-1953. He is presently associate professor of economics and administrative assistant at New York University. Dr. Peterson was formerly associated with International Business Machines Corporation and Friden Calculator Company. He is a member of the American Economic Association and the Industrial Relations Research Association.

Works: The Farm Problem, 1953. Contributor to The Commercial and Financial Chronicle, New York, and The Freeman, Irvington, N. Y.

WILLIAM E. RAPPARD

Born in New York in 1883. Citizen of Geneva, Switzerland. Professor Rappard studied law at the university at Geneva where he received a degree of Doctor of Juridical Science. He taught economic history, political economy and finance at the universities of Geneva and Harvard; he repeatedly was president of the University of Geneva and of the Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales in Geneva. Professor Rappard held leading positions with the International Bureau of Labor and organizations of the League of Nations. He headed Swiss diplomatic missions in Washington, Paris, and London and at international conferences for labor. He is now president of the Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales. Professor Rappard received honorary doctor degrees from the universities of Harvard, Pennsylvania, Algiers, Lyon, Princeton, and California.

Among his numerous writings are: The Government of Switzerland, D. Van Nostrand, N. Y., 1936; Le nationalisme économique et la Société des Nations, Académie de Droit International, Recueil des Cours, 1937; The Crisis of Democracy, University of Chicago Press, 1938; The Quest for Peace since the World War, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1940; Cinq siècles de sécurité collective (1291-1798), George, Genève, 1945; Collective Security in Swiss Experience (1291-1948), Allen & Unwin, London, 1948; Vues rétrospectives sur la Société des Nations, Académie de Droit International, Recueil des Cours, Paris, Sirey, 1948; La Suisse et l’organisation de l’Europe, La Baconnière, Neuchâtel, 1950; A quoitient la supériorité économique des Etats-Unis?, Ed. de Médicis, Paris, 1954.

LEONARD E. READ

Born in Hubbardston, Michigan, in 1898. Mr. Read reveals a rare combination of entrepreneurial and scholarly abilities. In 1920 he embarked upon a business career with the Ann Arbor Produce Company. But after five years he decided to enter chamber of commerce work. He made his way from secretary of the Burlingame Chamber in 1927 to general manager of a number of chambers. He managed the large Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce from 1939 to 1945. Here he became vitally interested in the cause of freedom and free enterprise and launched a program of libertarian education among the citizens of Southern California. In 1945 he accepted the position of executive vice president with the National Industrial Conference Board, where he stayed until 1946. He then became founder and president of the Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington, New York. Since 1954 he also heads the Irvington Press which publishes The Freeman.

Works: Romance of Reality, 1937; Pattern for Revolt, 1945; Students of Liberty, 1950; Outlook for Freedom, 1951; Government—An Ideal Concept, 1954. Contributor to trade and commercial periodicals.

WILHELM RÖPKE

Born near Hamburg, Germany, in 1899. Professor Röpke taught at the universities of Jena and Marburg in Germany, Graz in Austria, and Istanbul in Turkey. From 1926 to 1927 he visited the United States as a professor sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation. In 1933 Dr. Röpke was one of the first German professors dismissed by Hitler for his liberal convictions. In 1937 he accepted the chair for international economics at the Graduate Institute of International Studies at Geneva, which he still occupies. Professor Röpke served as economic adviser to the Brüning Government of Germany from 1930 to 1932 and has been serving the Adenauer Administration in the same capacity since 1949. In 1954 Columbia University conferred on him the degree Doctor in litteris humanioribus honoris causa.

Among his many writings are: German Commercial Policy, 1934; Crises and Cycles, 1936; Explication économique du monde moderne, 1940; International Economic Disintegration, 1942; The Solution of the German Problem, 1947; Civitas humana, 1948; The Social Crisis of our Time, 1950.

MURRAY N. ROTHBARD

Born in New York in 1926. Mr. Rothbard studied at Columbia University where he received a Bachelor’s degree in mathematics and economics in 1945 and a Master’s degree in 1946. He passed the oral examination for his Ph.D. in 1948. He taught economic principles and money and banking at the College of the City of New York from 1948 to 1949. He is presently completing his doctoral dissertation and writing a comprehensive treatise on economics. He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, the American Economic Association, the Royal Economic Society, and the American Political Science Association.

Works: “Mises’ Human Action: Comment,” American Economic Review (March, 1951); and “Praxeology: Reply to Mr. Schuller,” ibid. (December, 1951).

JACQUES RUEFF

Born in Paris, France, in 1896. Mr. Rueff studied at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. In 1927 he joined the League of Nations Secretariat as a member of the economic and financial section. In the following years he served as financial attaché to the French Embassy in London, as professor of economics at the Ecole libre des Sciences politiques, as assistant director in the Ministry of Finance, and finally, in 1936, as head of the French Treasury. From 1939 to 1940 he was vice-governor of the Bank of France. During and after World War II he successively occupied positions as president of the economic and financial delegation to the Military Mission for German and Austrian Affairs, economic advisor to Commander-in-Chief in Germany, French delegate to Reparations Commission in Moscow, president of Paris Conference on Reparations, president of Inter-allied Reparations Agency in Brussells, delegate to Peace Conference in Paris and to the first assembly of the United Nations, and member of U.N. Economic and Employment Commission. Today he is judge at the Court of Justice of the European Coal and Steel Community. Occasionally he lectures as professor of economics at the Institut des Sciences politiques in Paris.

Works: Des Sciences physiques aux Sciences morales, 1922; Théorie des Phénomènes monétaires, 1927; L’Assurance-chômage, 1931; L’ordre social, 1945; Epître aux dirigistes, 1949; Une cause du désordre mondial: l’état actuel du Système des paiements internationaux.

HANS F. SENNHOLZ

Born near Dortmund, Germany, in 1922. He studied law and political science at the universities of Marburg and Cologne from 1946 to 1949. In the same year he immigrated to the United States and studied economics at New York University. M.A., Marburg, 1948; Dr. rer. pol., Cologne, 1949; Ph.D., New York, 1955. From 1951 to 1953 he was with a brokerage house in Wall Street, and from 1954 to 1955 with Iona College, New Rochelle, N. Y., as assistant professor of economics.

Works: How Can Europe Survive?, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., N. Y., 1955; Co-translator of E. v. Böhm-Bawerk’s Capital and Interest, Libertarian Press, South Holland, 111., 1955. Numerous contributions to Rundschau, Cologne; Deutsche Zeitung und Wirtschaftszeitung, Stuttgart; Staatszeitung, New York; The Freeman, Irvington, New York.

LOUIS M. SPADABO

Born in Manhattan, N. Y. in 1913. Dr. Spadaro has concentrated his academic career in the major schools of his native New York. After attending the public schools, he took his undergraduate work at the College of the City of New York and pursued graduate studies at both Columbia and New York universities. He taught for some years in the New York public high schools and, in 1938, joined the faculty of the School of Business of Fordham University, where he is now associate professor of economics and assistant dean.