On Freedom and Free Enterprise: Essays in Honor of Ludwig von Mises
Index
(Contributed by Vernelia Crawford)
Ability, judgment of, 61
About, Edmond, 254n
Absurdity, genesis of, 46
Acceleration doctrine. By W. Peterson, 217-223
Action
collective, 256
ends and means of, 225
follows ideas, 13
government, 255n; see also Utility, social
human, see Human action market, 258
motivated, 228, 231
Adviser, economist as, 248
Aggregates and averages, 140-160
characteristics of, 142
multiplier, 155
statistical method of, 141
use of, 151
Agriculture
bread vs. seed grain, 103
tariff and, 33
Alchian, A. A. 239n
Allen, George, 54n
Allen, R.G.D., 143n, 147n, 158n
Allport, G. W., 231n
Ambelin, Robert, 48n
Anarchism, 22
Anonymity and charity, 96, 100
Antoni, Carlo
biographical sketch of, 1
considerations of economic law, 135-139
Apriorism, 131, 253n
Archimedes, 15 Aristotle, 199n
Armstrong, W. E., 232, 237
Asceticism, 29
Assets
capital, 178
money, 196, 197n, 205n, 209, 215n
Automaton, role for entrepreneurs, 219
Averages and aggregates, see Aggregates and averages
Bacon, Francis, 199
Ballvé, Faustino
biographical sketch of, 1-2
methodology in economics, 128-134
Banks, interventionism and, 27
Baudin, Louis
biographical sketch of, 9
French socialism, 311-319
Baumol, William J., 238n, 246n, 256n, 258, 260n
Behaviorism, 168, 171, 230-232
Benefits
civilization and, 29
creative energy and, 192
destroyed, 97
individual and collective, 256
see also Charity
Bentham, Jeremy, 199
Bergson, Abram, 247
Bernardelli, Harro F., 235n
Birge, R. T., 143n, 149n, 151n, 155n, 158n
Blum, Leon, 312
Blum, Walter, 265n
Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen, 35, 199n, 203, 236n
Bonar, 199n
Bonds and stocks, 183
Boswell, James, 103n
Boulding, K. E., 219n, 248n
Bread vs. seed grain, 103
Bridgman, Percy W., 164n, 228n
Brodbeck, May, 254n
Bronfenbrenner, 260
Buchanan, James M., 260
Bureaucracy, 66, 301
Buridan’s Ass, fable of, 238
Business
cycle, 217, 222
purpose of, 299
Cairnes, John, 202, 203n
Campbell, Norman, 242n
Cannan, Edwin, 199, 206, 208n, 214n, 2l5n
Capital
accumulation, 26
assets, 178
consumer and producer, 58, 203n, 210
distribution, 175, 288
formation, 279
interest from, abolished, 314
ownership, 58, 178, 181, 217
productive, 58, 203n, 210
resources, 179
see also Wealth
Capitalism
advocate of, 18, 36
British, 26
constitutions of, 55
defense of, 80
democracy and, 54
destruction of, 62, 285
entrepreneurship and, 181
imperialism and, 55
interventionism and, 74
Marxian view of, 53
ownership and, 58
socialism and, 74, 315
war and, 23
see also Market economy
Cardinal measurable utility, 232
Carnap, Rudolf, 228n
Cartels, 255n
Carver, T. N., 217n
Cassel, Gustav, 84, 207, 231
Catallactics, 130
Catholicism, French, 315
Charity
anonymity and, 96, 100
common forms of, 98-99
communism and, 105-106
defined, 95
economic. By F. Harper, 94-106
enslavement through, 97-98
incentive for, 104
nature of, 96
tools as form of, 99-100
Chemistry, complexity of, 49
Choice, indifference and, 238
Civilization, benefits of, 29
Clark, J. M., 217n
Class conflict, 56, 286, 299; see also War
Class interest, 315
Coercion
majority rule and, 256
planning and, 61, 70
right-to-work and, 291
voluntary, 256
Cohen, L., 143n, 150n, 151n, 152n, 154n, 155n
Cohen, Morris R., 163n, 242n
Collectivism
individuals and, 256
market economy and, 114
plans of, 64
wants in, 256, 258
Communism
charity and, 105-106
danger to, 60
democratic, 53, 63
founders of, 53
labor and, 58
socialism and, 311
triumph of, 53
world planners and, 62
Communist Manifesto, 287
Compensation principle, 246-247
Competition
interference with, 57
labor, 294, 298
see also Capitalism; Freedom; Market economy
Comte, Auguste, 169n
Configurations and consequences, 41
Congress, U. S., investigations of, 89
Connolly, T. T., 141n, 147n, 150n, 151n, 152n, 155n, 158n, 159n, 160n
Consistency, 229
Constancy, 228
Constitutions
capitalist, 55
government, 71
Russian, 55
United States, 85
Consumers
capital goods of, 58, 203n, 210
demand, 217
influence of, 56, 296, 300
money, 204
preference, 229
production and, 190, 222, 300
taxation and, 72
Continuity, 233
Contracts
labor, 285-307
voluntary, 286
yellow dog, 296
Controls
income, 265
price, 24
state, 81
see also Government
Coolidge, Calvin, 292, 299
Cooperation, social, 290
Creative energy, 192, 194
Credit, function of, 203n
Criminals, 25n
Croce, 238n
Currency, see Money
Dante, Alighieri, 199
Datum, meaning of, 177
Davidson, Thomas, 98n
Deductive inference, 228n
Demand
consumer, 217
money, 208n, 215
supply and, 118
Deming, W. E., 143n, 149n, 151n, 155n, 158n
Democracy
capitalist, 54
communist, 53, 63
defense of, 80
essay. By H. Sennholz, 52-80
majority rule and, 69, 260
people’s, 52-68, 69
progressive, 71, 73, 78
proletarian, 54
Western, 54, 68-80
Demonstrated preference, 225-232, 249-251
Dictatorship
economic, 84
majority rule and, 50
needs of, 64
planned economy and, 84
proletariat, 63
Distribution
capital, 175, 288
characteristics of, 149
income and, 175, 251
market economy and. By L. Lachman, 175-187
mode of, 177, 185
problem of, 250-251
Dogmatism, 128
Duhem, P., 142n, 205n
Economics
accomplishments of, 124
averages and aggregates in. By L. Spadaro, 140-160
character of, 17, 111, 114
charity in. By F. Harper, 94-106
defined by Mises, 21
dictatorship and, 84
ethics and, 242-244
fulfillment of, 124
functions of, 18, 126
human action in, 129, 224
interpretation of, 132
labor unions in, 289
law of. By C. Antoni, 135-139; 226
market economy and. Part IV, 173-262
mathematical, 122
methodology in. By F. Ballvé, 128-134
new, 121
planning in, 84, 141, 160
politico, 246
popularity of, increased, 112
quantitative, 124
sciences and. By W. Röpke, 111-127, 138, 226
theory, 130, 140-160, 224
valuation and, 18, 21, 120
welfare, see Welfare economics
Eddy, Mary Baker, 95n, 150n
Ellis, H. S., 212, 213n
Ellsberg, D., 239n
Empiricism, 128, 141
Employment, see Labor
Engels, Friedrich, 53, 287
England, see Great Britain
Entrepreneurs, 57, 181, 219
Epistemology, 226
Equality, income, 265, 280
Equilibrium, 185, 209n, 236
Error and truth, 119
Ethics and economics, 242-244
Eucken, Walter, 126n
Euclid, 15
Exchange
market, 129, 250, 288
medium of, 196, 207
money, 213
voluntary, 189, 254
Exclusiveness, mutual, 153
Exhaustiveness, 153
Experimentomania, 170, 172
Exploitation, 56
External economy, 260
External diseconomy, 259n
Fagan, Elmer, 266n
Fair Employment Practices Commissions, 300
Farming, see Agriculture
Federal Reserve System, 248
Fiduciary media, 28
Fisher, Irving, 204n, 225, 228
Fisher, R. A., 144n, 146n, 151n, 153n, 155n, 159n
Fitting and tidying up, 44
Foreign policy, U. S., 87
France
Catholicism in, 315
executive power of, 90
labor position in, 315
Leftists in, 316
socialism in. By L. Baudin, 311-319
Free market, see Market economy
Freedom
denial of, 82
economic, 296
four, 93
individual, 195
loss of, 70
threat to, 81
versus liberty, 93
Friedrich, Carl J., 74n
Fritz, Machlup
biographical sketch of, 6
inferiority complex of social sciences, 161-172
Gaddum, J. H., 43n
Galbraith, John K., 257n
Gambling, 240
Gasset, Ortega y, 124, 127
Germany, social science in, 165n
Gilbert, J. C., 236n
Gold and silver, 201
Gordon, Robert A, 141n
Government
bonds, 184
bureaucratic, 66
constitutional, 71
control, 81
French, 311-319
interventionism, see Interventionism
majority rule, see Majority rule man and. Part II, 39-107
planning, market economy and, 175-187
representative, 73
revenue, 265
social utility and, see Utility, social
spending, 83
strikes, 298
totalitarian, 81-93
see also Communism; Democracy; Planning; Socialism
Grato Animo Beneficiique Memores, Part I, 13-38
Great Britain
capitalism in, 26
tax investigation in, 270
Greaves, Percy L., Jr.
biographical sketch of, 2-3
interventionism in labor, 285-307
Greidanus, T., 196, 202, 208n, 209, 213n
Guicciardini, F., 201n, 274n
Haavelemo, Trygve, 250n, 258n
Harper, F. A.
biographical sketch of, 3
greatest economic charity, 94-106
Hart, A. G., 154n
Harwood, E. C., 160n
Hautecoeur, Louis, 48n
Hayek, F. A.
aggregates and averages, 140
biographical sketch of, 3-4
mathematical use, 121
praxeology and physics, 227n
progressive tax reconsidered, 265-284
social sciences and, 144n, 148n, 154n, 160n, 166n
state and, 251n
Hazlitt, Henry
biographical sketch of, 4
reviews of:
Human Action by L. Mises, 37-38
Socialism by L. Mises, 34-37
road to totalitarianism, 81-93
Hermann, 203n
Hicks, John R., 220n, 233n, 236, 246
Historians and historicist, 167, 171
History
method of, 132
social science and, 165n
Hobbs, A. H., 227n
Hobhouse, L. T., 278n
Hoel, P. G., 143n, 148n, 150n, 156n, 159n
Holding, currency, 205, 209
Holism, 168, 171
Homogeneity, 154
Human action
economics in, 129, 224
marginal utility, see Marginal utility means to ends, 225
recommend (book), 20, 37-38
students of, 170
study of, 219
thesis of book by Mises, 13
see also Praxeology
Hutchison, T. W., 254
Hutt, W. H.
acceleration doctrine and, 217n
biographical sketch of, 4
yield from money held, 196-216
Ideas, preface action, 13
Imperialism and capitalism, 55
Income
conception, 278
controlled, 265
distribution, 175, 251
equality and, 265, 280
land, 200
redistribution of, 268
taxation and, 71, 267
United States, 101
war, 24
see also Capital; Wealth
Independence and mathematics, 153
Indifference, fallacy of, 236-238
Individualism
state and, 57
valuation and, 195, 224, 256
Industrialism
American, 285-307
capital goods of, 217
process of, 27
Inequality, 280
Inflation
interest rate and, 184
money demand and, 215
taxation and, 24, 273
Institutionalism, 14, 167, 171
Intellectualism, 66
Interest
abolished, 314
rate of, 184
theory of, 203, 215
International Studies, 165n
Internationalism, 91, 312
Interventionism
banking and, 27
capitalism and, 74
competition and, 57
labor and. By P. Greaves, Jr., 285-307
majority rule and, 22, 70, 285
Mises’ views on, 175, 285
money and, 27
policy of, 25
political causes and consequences, 83
results of, 57, 70
social utility and, 252
socialism and, 74
state opposition to, 18
taxation and, 71
threat to freedom, 81
trend toward, 81, 285
war and, 24
Investigations
British tax, 270
congressional, 89
Investments
accumulation, 27
defender of, 314
incentive for, 104
ownership and, 99, 104
result of, 281
yield from, 99, 198
see also Wealth
Janet, P., 98n
Jevons, Stanley, 233n
Johnson, Samuel, 103
Jouvenel, Bertrand de
biographical sketch of, 5
order vs. organization, 41-51
Judge, case of, 47
Judgment
ability, 61
ethical 242, 248
majority, 69
operational and sightseer, 45
value, 189, 225
see also Valuations
Kaldŏr,Nicholas, 246
Kalven, Harry, Jr., 265n
Kant, Immanuel, 128
Keckskemeti, 229n
Kelvin, W. T., 169n
Kemp, M. C, 245n, 246n
Kendall, M. G., 142n, 143n, 151n, 152n, 155n, 158n, 160n
Kennedy, Charles, 229n, 230n, 235n, 238
Kenney, J. F., 144n, 151n, 160n
Keynes, John Maynard, 116, 121, 142n, 149n, 153n, 158n, 159n, 160n, 186, 208, 2l7n, 313
Knight, Frank H., 124, 236n, 240n
Koopmans, T. C., 146n, 154n, 159
Labor
bureaucracy and, 301
communism and, 58
competition, 294, 298
contracts, 285-307
division of, 57, 192, 288
French position of, 313
interventionism in. By P. Greaves, Jr., 285-307
leaders, 304
legislation, 26, 304
morality, 292
political influence of, 298
strikes, 297
theory of value, 189
unions
economic functions of, 289
right-to-work laws in, 285
wages and, 27, 57
Lachman, L. M.
biographical sketch of, 5-6
market economy and distribution of wealth, 175-187
Laissez-faire
advocate of, 18, 22, 27
defense of, 25
reconsidered, 253-255
Land income, 200
Lange, Oskar, 235n
Langlois, C. V., 144n
Laurat, M. L., 312n
Law
economic. By C. Antoni, 135-139; 226
Fair Employment Practices, 300
federal labor, 304
intervention by, 301
labor, 75, 285-307
physics, 226
Say’s, accelerator and, 217
Lazarsfeld, P., 141n, 151n, 155n
Leadership, 63
Leftists, French, 316
Leibnitz, Gottfried, Wilhelm, 15, 119
Lenin, W. I., 54
Liberalism, advocates of, 18, 29, 36
Liberty, see Freedom
Library, arrangement of, 45
Lindahl, Erik, 186
Liquidity, 209
Little, I. M. D., 231, 232n, 238n, 247n, 248n
Lobbying, 75
Location, mean as measure of, 148
Locke, John, 198, 199n, 200, 201
Macfie, Alec L., 238
Machlup, Fritz
biographical sketch of, 6
social sciences, inferiority complex of, 161-172
MacIver, R. M., 146n, 147n, 153n, 154n
Madge, John, 164n
Majority rule
coercion and, 256
democracies and, 69, 260
dictatorships and, 59
government and, 22, 70, 285
pressure groups and, 75, 91
Unanimity Rule and, 255
will of, 69
Malthus, Thomas Robert, 120
Man and government, nature of. Part II, 39-107
Margenau, Henry, 164n
Marginal utility
human action and, 231n, 233
money and, 205n, 244
ownership and, 190
total utility and, 232-235
Market economy
advocate of, 18
attainable, 302
collectivism and, 114
consumer influence on, 56, 296, 300
demonstrated preference and, 249-250
distribution
problem and, 250-251
wealth and. By L. Lachman, 175-187
economics and. Part IV, 173-262
entrepreneurship and, 181
exchange and, 129, 250, 288
hampered. Part V, 263-318
interventionism and, 74, 175-187, 285
planning and, 175-187
prices in, 288
social results of, 180
social utility and, 250n, 253
socialism substituted for, 285
valuation and, 25
wages in, 56, 294
war and, 23, 24
see also Capitalism; Freedom
Maroney, M. J., 144n, 152n, 155n, 159n
Marschak, Jacob, 141n, 144n, 150n, 153n, 155n, 239n, 242, 243n
Marshall, Alfred, 154n, 205, 210n, 241n
Marx, Karl, 53, 102, 160n, 190, 287, 313
Mathematics
implications of, 141
independence and, 153
measurement in, 144n, 148, 238, 241, 242
multiplier and, 155
use of, 121
Mathematosis, 169, 172
McCulloch, J. R., 274
Mean, measure of location, 148
Measurement, 144n, 148, 238, 241, 242
Median, 149
Medium of exchange, see Exchange; Money
Menger, Carl, 236n
Mental constructs, 144
Mercantilism, 202
Metaphysics, 128
Methodology
in economics. By F. Ballvé, 128-134
institutionalist, 171
planning and, 141
positivist, 254
scientific, 108-172
Metromania, 169, 171
Military training, orderliness in, 48
Mill, John Stuart, 65n, 71n, 202
Mises, Ludwig
biographical sketch of, ix
charity and, 94
contribution to economics, 129
demonstrated preference of, 225
economics, defined, 21
Human Action, reviewed by H. Hazlitt, 37-38
interventionism and, 175, 285
intransigence of. By J. Rueff 13-16
money
economic good, 210
regression theorem, 236
theory, 196
reading. By W. Rappard, 17-33
science, defined, 21
Socialism, reviewed by H. Hazlitt, 34-37
total utility theory of, 235n
writings of, xiii-xiv, 34-38, 140n–160n
Mises, Richard, 240n
Mishan, E. J., 248n
Moch, Jules, 313, 314
Molinari, Gustave de, 253n, 257
Money
assets, 196, 197n, 205n, 209, 215n
circulation, 212
consumption, 204
defined, 197n
demand, 208n, 215
exchange and, 213
function of, 200
held, yield from. By W. Hurt, 196-216
idle, 214
interventionism and, 27
marginal utility and, 205n, 244
metallic, 202
need of, 204n
policy, 120
productivity, 201, 215
regression theorem, 236
services of, 196, 205, 207n, 211
theory, 196, 210, 236
use, 198, 201, 203, 204n, 207
value, 196-216
Mont-Pèlerin Society, 18
Morgenstern, Oskar, 118n, 238-243
Morality
consequences of, 67
economic law and, 138
economic science and, 122
labor and, 292
Multiplier, 155
Nazism, 313
Needs, implications of, 61
Neo-cardinalists, 238-243
Neo-classics, 244
Neuman-Morgenstern theory, 238-243
New York, Fair Employment Practice law in, 300
Northrup, F. S. C., 141n, 144n, 146n, 151n, 152n, 159n
Operationism, 45, 168, 171, 227, 231
Orchard, problem of, 41
Order
military training and, 48
threat of, 51
versus organization. By B. de Jouvenel, 41-51
Ordinalism, 41, 232-235
Organization, vs. order. By B. de Jouvenel, 41-51
Ownership
abolition of, 287
American, 59
capital, 58, 178, 181, 217
inventive factor of, 104
investments and, 99, 104
marginal utility and, 190
stocks and bonds, 183
tools and, 100-102, 104
transfer of, 96
Pareto, Vilfredo, 231, 244
Pascal triangle, 156
Paulding, Linus, 49n
Peace, durable, 23
Pearson, K., 146n
Pecuniary yield, 198
Perry, Arthur, 254n
Peterson, William
accelerator and Say’s law, 217-223
biographical sketch of, 6
Philbrook, Clarence, 248
Philip, André, 313
Philosophy
characteristics of, 17, 111, 114
right-to-work, 285, 299
Talmudical, 95
Physics
law of, 226
theoretical, 116
Pigou, Arthur Cecil, 207, 208n, 244
Planning
central, 60
coercion and, 70, 71
dictatorship and, 84
economic, 84, 141, 160
market economy and, 175-187
methodology and, 141
production, 58, 60
progressive, 78
world communistic, 62
Plutarch, 97
Poincaré, H., 151n, 152n, 155n, 159n
Politics
economics and, 246
institutions of, 69
interventionism and, 83
labor’s influence on, 298
parties, promises of, 30
Positivism, 225-228, 253n, 254
Power
centralized, 85
congressional investigations and, 89
Constitutional, 85
consumer, see Consumers
domestic, U. S. President and, 88
French executive and, 90
Presidential, 85
purchasing, 222
tools, productive, 99, 100
treaty-making, 88
war, 89
Praxeology, 129, 230, 236, 254; see also Human action
Predictionism, 169, 172
Preference
consumer, 229
demonstrated, 225-232, 249-251
revealed, 228-230, 232
Prescriptionism, 169, 172
President, U. S.
domestic power of, 88
foreign policy of, 87
power centralized in, 85
Pressure groups, 75, 91
Prices
control of, 24
determination of, 118
market, 288
Probability theory, 151, 153, 240n
Production
acceleration doctrine and, 218
capital goods of, 58, 203n, 210
class warfare and, 299
consumption and, 190, 222, 300
farm, 33
limited, 287
means of, 58, 62, 74
money, 201, 215
planning, 58, 60
restricted, 26
technology and, 220
tools of, 99, 100
war and, 24
Profits, 279
Progressing economy, 31, 78
Proletariat, 53, 59, 63, 287
Property
abolition of, 287
invasion of, 259n
see also Ownership
Protectionism, 33
Psychologizing and behaviorism, 168, 171, 230-232
Purchasing power, 222
Quasi-measurement, 238, 242
Questionnaires, 229
Rappard, William E.
biographical sketch of, 7
Mises, on reading, 17-33
Rationality, 44
Rationing, 25
Read, Leonard E.
biographical sketch of, 7-8
unearned riches, 188-195
Reason, 14, 15
Reder, Melvin, 249, 250, 260n
Redistribution, 268
Referendum, legislative, 76
Regimentation, 48, 67
Regression, 236
Religion, influence of, 30
Rent, 200
Representatives, government, 73
Resources
capital, 179
holding, 205
wealth and, 178
Revealed preference
Armstrong’s criticism of, 232
Samuelson and, 228-230
Revolution, proletarian, 55, 59
Ricardo, David, 120, 202
Riches, unearned. By L. Read, 188-195
Rights
equal, 55
employment, 285-307
Risk, 240; see also Entrepreneurs; Investments
Robbins, Lionel, 144n, 229n, 232n, 235-236, 244, 245-246, 253n
Robertson, Denis H., 207n, 214n, 246n
Robinson, Joan, 186n
Romier, Lucien, 126n
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 92
Röpke, Wilhelm
biographical sketch of, 8
place of economics among sciences, 111-127
Rothbard, Murray N.
biographical sketch of, 8-9
reconstruction of utility and welfare economics, 224-262
Rothenberg, Jerome, 247, 249n, 258n
Rueff, Jacques
biographical sketch of, 9
intransigence of L. Mises, 13-16
Russia, constitution of, 55; see also Communism
Samuelson, Paul
business cycle and, 222
exchange and, 254
objections of, 227n, 236
revealed preference and, 228-230
social welfare function and, 247
views of, 141n, 146n, 147n, 151n, 154n, 159n, 160n
Santayana, George, 92
Satisfaction, 245
Savings, see Investments
Say’s law, accelerator and. By W. Peterson, 217-223
Schuetz, Alfred, 171n
Schuller, George J., 227n
Schumpeter, Joseph A., 146n, 238n, 255n
Science
averages and aggregates in. By L. Spadaro, 140-160
definition of, 21
economics and. By W. Röpke, 11-127; 138, 226
methodology and, 108-172
natural, social science and, 170
physics, law of, 226
social
definition of, 163
German, 165n
history and, 165n
inferiority complex of. By F. Machlup, 161-172
natural sciences and, 170
subjects regarded as, 165
Scientific method. Part III, 108-172
Scitovsky, Tibor, 260
Security, see Benefits
Seignobosc, C., 144n
Self-reliance, 95, 98
Seligman, E. R. A., 274n
Semantics, 31
Senior, 199n, 202
Sennholz, Hans F.
biographical sketch of, 9-10
on democracy, 52-80
Services
monetary, 196, 205, 207n, 211
state, 256, 258
Shakespeare, William, 199
Shiras, G. F., 270n
Simons, Henry, 266n
Slavery and charity, 97-98
Sluckin, W., 141n, 147n, 150n, 151n, 152n, 155n, 158n, 159n, 160n
Smith, Adam, 190, 198, 201
Social gains, 289, 295, 298
Social organization, 13
Social sciences, see Science, social
Social utility, see Utility, social
Social welfare function, 247
Socialism, Part VI, 308-319
capitalism and, 74, 315
characteristics of, 311
communism and, 311
economic law and, 138
French. By L. Baudin, 311-319
interference and, 74, 285
market economy and, 285
Socialism by L. Mises, reviewed by H. Hazlitt, 34-37
Society
slavery in, 98
state and, 22, 53, 66
Sociology, 165n
Solomon, 119
Spadaro, Louis M. averages and aggregates in economics, 140-160
biographical sketch of, 10
Specialization, 218
Speculation, 204; see also Investments
Spending and totalitarianism, 83
Spire, A., 312n
Stalin, Joseph, 14n, 55
Stammler, Rudolf, 130
Standen, A., 144n, 147n
Standard deviation, 143n, 147n
Standard of living, 281
State
control, see Government
duty of, 25
individual and, 57
role of, 251-253
services, 256, 258
society and, 22, 53, 66
voluntary institution, 255-260
world, pressure for, 62, 91
Statistics, theory of, 141, 219
Statolatry, 21, 23
Steel plants, seizure of, 89
Stigler, George J., 123n, 144n, 236n
Stocks and bonds, 183
Strikes, labor, 297
Subjectivism, 189, 228, 231
Subsidies, 75
Supply and demand, 118
Suranyi-Unger, Theo, 260n
Surplus value theory, 102-103
Sweezy, Alan R., 225, 228
Switzerland, protectionism in, 33
Taft-Hartley Law, 304
Talmudical philosopher, 95
Tariff, farm products and, 33
Tarish, L., 210
Tautology, 225-228
Taxation
British investigation in, 270
consumers and, 72
income and, 71, 267
inflation and, 24, 273
interventionism, 71
progressive
effects of, 274
favorable argument for, 268
reconsidered. By F. Hayek, 265-284
proportional, 276
Technology, 219
Tenth Amendment, 85
Theory
defined, 130
economic, 130, 224
interest, 203, 215
labor, 189
monetary, 196
Neuman-Morgenstern, 238-243
probability, 151, 153, 240n
quasi-measurement, 238
statistical, 141
subjective, 189, 228, 231; see also Marginal utility
surplus value, 102-103
total utility, 232-235
use, see Use theory
utility, 224, 232-243
welfare, 224
yield, 196, 207n, 213
Thomas, Ivor, 74n
Thompson, D’Arcy, 44n
Tidying up and fitting, 44
Time periods, 220
Tooke, Thomas, 202
Tools
investment in, 99
ownership of, 100-102, 104
productive power of, 99, 100
Totalitarianism, road to. By H. Hazlitt, 81-93
Trade, see Exchange
Treaty-making power, 88
Truman, Harry S., 86n
Truth and error, 119
Unanimity Rule, 244-245, 246, 248, 251, 255
Unions, labor, see Labor, unions
United States
Congress
decreased importance of, 86
investigations in, 89
constitutional, 85
foreign policy of, 87
income in, 101
labor practices in, 285-307
ownership in, 59
President, power centralized in, 85
threat to freedom, 81
war production and, 24
Use theory, 198, 201, 203, 204n, 207
Utility
cardinal measurable, 232
marginal, see Marginal utility
ordinal marginal, 232-235
quasi-measurement and, 238
social
compensation principle, 246
distribution problem and, 251
free market and, 250n, 253
government action and, 251, 255n
theory of, 224, 232-243
total, 232-235
welfare economics and reconstruction of. By M. Rothbard, 224-262
Valéry, Paul, 16
Valuations
absolute, 19
economic, 21, 120, 188
individual, 195, 224, 256
judgment of, 25, 189, 225
labor theory of, 189
market and, 258
money. By W. Hutt, 196-216
subjective, 189; see also, Marginal utility
surplus theory, 102-103
Variables institutions, 151
Voluntary institutions
state as, 255-260
see also, Capitalism, Freedom; Market economy
Wages
determination of, 190
labor and, 27, 57
market, 56, 294
Walker, F. A., 276n
Walsh, V. C, 231n, 236, 238, 254
War
capitalism and, 23
incomes, 24
interventionism and, 24
market economy and, 23, 24
powers, 89
production and, 24
proletarian, 55, 59
Wealth
capital assets and, 178
distribution of, 175, 288
economy and. By L. Lachmann, 175-187
limited, 285
ownership, 178
problematical nature of, 181
redistribution of, 177, 185
resources and, 178
unearned. By L. Read, 188-195
see also Capital; Income; Investments
Weatherburn, C. E., 144n, 15ln, 152n, 153n, 158n
Weber, M., 141n, 144n, 146n, 159n
Welfare economics
critique, 242-249
end of, 248-249
new, Unanimity Rule and, 244-245
reconstruction and, 249-261
social, 247
utility and, reconstruction of. By M. Rothbard, 224-262
Whitehead, A. N., 160n
Wicksell, Knut, 196n, 204n, 205n, 254
Wicksteed, Philip Henry, 199, 206, 207n, 229n
Wiener, P. P., 142n, 151n, 152n
Wieser, 204
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 228n
Wootton (Miss), 141n, 147n
World state, pressure for, 62, 91
Wright, David McCord, 280n
Yellow dog contracts, 296
Yield theory, 196, 207n, 213
Yule, 142n, 143n, 151n, 155n, 158n, 160n
Zipf, Gerald K., 45n
