The Two Lineages of Liberty

Liberty’s history is often presented as a direct consequence of the Enlightenment: inherited authority was subjected to reason, persecution gave way to toleration, monarchy to constitutional government, and privilege to individual rights. In this account, classical liberalism leads naturally to Austrian economics and modern libertarianism. That sequence is useful but incomplete.

Jonathan Simon works at the intersection of law, economics, finance, and public policy.

Great News: Your Boots Are Poor Quality

It’s a very common example used to illustrate the plight of the poor.

Boots, you see, are a required piece of equipment for anybody working a blue-collar job or other forms of manual labor. The boots protect your feet, keep you warm, and provide essential traction on sometimes slick surfaces where you may be carrying hefty objects. Suffice it to say, it is likely that a poor person needs boots. But boots aren’t cheap. Thus, the math of poverty ensures that a poor person stays as they are—poor.