§1. Competition defined. §2. Naturalness of competition. §3. Conflicting interests of competition. §4. Nature of monopoly. §5. Monopoly not merely scarcity. §6. Monopoly not merely superior economic power. §7. Partial competition coexisting with monopoly. §8. Absolute and relative monopoly. §9. Motives and germs of monopoly. §10. Types of monopoly-price: receipts vs. profits. §11. Uniform monopoly-price. §12. Uniform monopoly-price: inelastic demand. §13. Uniform monopoly-price: elastic demand. §14.

§1. Variety in the objects of desire. §2. Increasing range of choice and use of goods. §3. Historical view of increasing indirectness of uses. §4. Goods with indirect uses. §5. Direct and indirect uses of the same good. §6. Various changes affecting value. §7, Agencies for altering stuff or material. §8. Agencies for changing the form of things. §9. Natural members as agents in effecting changes of form. §10. The use of tools by man. §11. The gradual improvement of indirect agents. §12.

§1. Transportation. §2. Location as an element in value. §3. Relation of time to value. §4. Indirect agents for hastening the uses of goods. §5. Agencies for postponing the uses of goods. §6. Increasing control of man over nature. §7. Natural diversity both of direct and indirect goods. §8. The improvement of technical processes and methods. §9. The economic test of technical improvements. §10. The psychology of indirect valuation. §11.

§1. Consumptive and non-consumptive uses of goods. §2. Direct uses, consumptive and durative. §3. Indirect uses, consumptive and durative. §4. The single consumptive use. §5. No economic goods absolutely durable. §6. Inevitable depreciation. §7. Using up of agricultural land. §8. Artificial durability of agricultural land. §9. Varying rates of depreciation of machinery. §10. Repair of tools and machinery. §11. Economy of repairs. §12. Production as betterment and repair of nature.

§1. The principle of proportionality; its general nature. §2. Cost and sacrifice defined. §3. Sacrifice of effort a matter of proportion. §4. Sacrifice involved in common use by several users. §5. Gross and net uses. §6. The doctrine of separable uses. §7. More intensive utilization. §8. More extensive utilization. §9. Application of complementary agents at the two margins. §10. The principle of proportionality in agriculture. §11. Intensive use of ground space. §12. Intensive use of tools and machinery.

§1. Usance and usufruct: definitions. §2. Usance-value of agents yielding products of like grade. §3. Usance-value of agents yielding products of different grades. §4. Effect of the presence of one agent upon the usance-value of another. §5. Usance-value determining utilization. §6. Time as a factor in usance-value. §7. Usance-value and the margin of utilization. §8. Usance-value of complementary agents.

§1. Price of the separable use. §2. Medieval land tenures and the usance of land. §3. Land destruction and repair. §4. The medieval rent-charge as a sale of income. §5. Definition of the renting contract. §6. Renting of agricultural land. §7. Renting of urban real-estate. §8. Renting of dwellings. §9. Renting of real-estate for business uses. §10. The renting contract in other eases. §11. Buying the usance without the renting contract. §12. Unsuitability of the renting contract in commerce. §13. Definition of rent.

§1. Divergence of actual rents from competitive rents. §2. Gross and net rent to the owner. §3. Different grades of fertility as affecting rent. §4. Different costs of cultivation as affecting rent. §5. Differences in location as affecting rent. §6. The general doctrine of rent. §7. Dependence of rent on proportionality. §8. Rent and intensive utilization. §9. Divergent subjective valuations of different bidders. §10. Example of competing bids. §11. Complexity of the situation lying back of each bid. §12.