Chapter XVI: The Right To Free Industry
CHAPTER XVI.
THE RIGHT TO FREE INDUSTRY
§ 317. Though, under one of its aspects, industrial freedom is implied by the rights to free motion and locomotion; and though, under another of its aspects, it is implied by the rights to free exchange and free contract; yet it has a further aspect, not clearly included in these, which must be specifically stated. Though demonstration of it is scarcely called for, yet it is needful to indicate it for the purpose of showing how little it was once recognized and how fully it is recognized now.
Chapter XVII: The Rights of Free Belief And Worship
CHAPTER XVII.
THE RIGHTS OF FREE BELIEF AND WORSHIP
§ 318. If we interpret the meanings of words literally, to assert freedom of belief as a right is absurd; since by no external power can this be taken away. Indeed an assertion of it involves a double absurdity; for while belief cannot really be destroyed or changed by coercion from without, it cannot really be destroyed or changed by coercion from within. It is determined by causes which lie beyond external control, and in large measure beyond internal control.
Chapter XVIII: The Rights of Free Speech And Publication
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE RIGHTS OF FREE SPEECH AND PUBLICATION
§ 321. The subject matter of this chapter is scarcely separable from that of the last. As belief, considered in itself, does not admit of being controlled by external power—as it is only the profession of belief which can be taken cognizance of by authority and permitted or prevented, it follows that the assertion of the right to freedom of belief implies the right to freedom of speech.
Chapter XIX: A Retrospect With An Addition
CHAPTER XIX.
A RETROSPECT WITH AN ADDITION
§ 325. Where men’s natures and their institutions are incongruous, there exists a force tending to produce change. Either the institutions will remould the nature or the nature will remould the institutions, or partly the one and partly the other; and eventually a more stable state will establish itself.
Chapter XX: The Rights of Women
CHAPTER XX.
THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN
§ 332. When in certain preceding chapters the fundamental principle of justice was discussed, a relevant question which might have been raised, I decided to postpone, because I thought discussion of it would appropriately introduce the subject-matter of this chapter.
Chapter XXI: The Rights of Children
CHAPTER XXI.
THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN
§ 337. The reader who remembers that at the outset we recognized a fundamental distinction between the ethics of the family and the ethics of the State, and saw that welfare of the species requires the maintenance of two antagonist principles in them respectively, will infer that the rights of children must have a nature quite different from that of the rights of adults.
Chapter XXII: Political Rights—So-Called
CHAPTER XXII.
POLITICAL RIGHTS—SO-CALLED
§ 342. Every day yields illustrations of the way in which, men think only of the proximate and ignore the remote. The power of a locomotive is currently ascribed to steam. There is no adequate consciousness of the fact that the steam is simply an intermediator and not an initiator—that the initiator is the heat of the fire.
Chapter XXIII: The Nature of The State
CHAPTER XXIII.
THE NATURE OF THE STATE
§ 345. The study of evolution at large makes familial the truth that the nature of a thing is far from being fixed. Without change of identity, it may at one time have one nature and at a subsequent time quite a different nature. The contrast between a nebulous spheroid and the solid planet into which it eventually concentrates, is scarcely greater than the contrasts which everywhere present themselves.
Chapter XXIV: The Constitution of The State
CHAPTER XXIV.
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE
§ 349. Difference of ends usually implies difference of means. It is unlikely that a structure best fitted for one purpose will be best fitted for another purpose.
Chapter XXV: The Duties of The State
CHAPTER XXV.
THE DUTIES OF THE STATE
§ 355. Whether or not they accept the ethical principles set forth in the opening chapters of this part, most readers will agree with the practical applications of them made in subsequent chapters. Some, indeed, are so averse to deductive reasoning that they would gladly reject its results, even though they are verified by induction, could they do so.
