10. Mercantilism and freedom in England from the Tudors to the Civil War
10.1 Tudor and Stuart absolutism
10.2 Sir Thomas Smith: mercantilist for sound money
10.3 The ‘economic liberalism’ of Sir Edward Coke
10.4 The ‘bullionist’ attack on foreign exchange, and on the East India trade
10.5 The East India apologists strike back
10.6 Prophet of ‘empiricism’: Sir Francis Bacon
10.7 The Baconians: Sir William Petty and ‘political arithmetic’
10.8 Notes
11. Mercantilism and freedom in England from the Civil War to 1750
11.1 The Pettyites: Davenant, King, and ‘the law of demand’
11.2 Liberty and property: the Levellers and Locke
11.3 Child, Locke, the rate of interest, and the coinage
11.4 The North brothers, deductions from axioms, and Tory laissez-faire
11.5 The inflationists
11.6 The hard-money response
11.7 Laissez-faire by mid-century: Tucker and Townshend
11.8 Notes
12. The founding father of modern economics: Richard Cantillon
12.1 Cantillon the man
12.2 Methodology
12.3 Value and price
12.4 Uncertainty and the entrepreneur
12.5 Population theory
12.6 Spatial economics
12.7 Money and process analysis
12.8 International monetary relations
12.9 The self-regulation of the market
12.10 Influence
12.11 Notes
13. Physiocracy in mid-eighteenth century France
13.1 The sect
13.2 Laissez-faire and free trade
13.3 Laissez-faire forerunner: the marquis d’Argenson
13.4 Natural law and property rights
13.5 The single tax on land
13.6 ‘Objective’ value and cost of production
13.7 The Tableau économique
13.8 Strategy and influence
13.9 Daniel Bernoulli and the founding of mathematical economics
13.10 Notes
14. The brilliance of Turgot
14.1 The man
14.2 Laissez-faire and free trade
14.3 Value, exchange and price
14.4 The theory of production and distribution
14.5 The theory of capital, entrepreneurship, savings and interest
14.6 Theory of money
14.7 Influence
14.8 Other French and Italian utility theorists of the eighteenth century
14.9 Notes
15. The Scottish Enlightenment
15.1 The founder: Gershom Carmichael
15.2 Francis Hutcheson: teacher of Adam Smith
15.3 The Scottish Enlightenment and Presbyterianism
15.4 David Hume and the theory of money
15.5 Notes
16. The celebrated Adam Smith
16.1 The mystery of Adam Smith
16.2 The life of Smith
16.3 The division of labour
16.4 Productive vs unproductive labour
16.5 The theory of value
16.6 The theory of distribution
16.7 The theory of money
16.8 The myth of laissez-faire
16.9 On taxation
16.10 Notes
17. The spread of the Smithian movement
17.1 The Wealth of Nations and Jeremy Bentham
17.2 The Influence of Dugald Stewart
17.3 Malthus and the assault on population
17.4 Resistance and triumph in Germany
17.5 Smithianism in Russia
17.6 The Smithian conquest of economic thought
17.7 Notes
Bibliographical essay
Overall bibliographies
Ancient thought
Medieval thought
The late scholastics
Luther and Calvin
Anabaptist communism
Non-scholastic Catholics
Monarchomachs: Huguenots and Catholics
Absolutism and Italian humanism
Absolutism in France
Mercantilism
Seventeenth century French mercantilist thought
French liberal opposition to mercantilism
English mercantilists: sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries
Locke and the Levellers
Index
A | B | C | D | E
F | G | H | I | J
K | L | M | N | O
P | Q | R | S | T
U | V | W | X | Y
Z
