The Fed’s Quadral Mandate and Impossible Balancing Act
The Fed’s responsibilities keep expanding. A 1977 update to the Federal Reserve Act included the goals of “maximum employment” and “stable prices”. Many economists, even in the mainstream, criticize this dual mandate as a difficult, if not impossible, balance. They point to Short-run Phillips Curves that show a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment rates. Expansionary monetary policy may encourage employment, but it runs the risk of above-target inflation. Contractionary monetary policy may rein in inflation, but at the detriment of employment levels.