The Fed’s Quadral Mandate and Impossible Balancing Act

The Fed’s responsibilities keep expanding. A 1977 update to the Federal Reserve Act included the goals of “maximum employment” and “stable prices”. Many economists, even in the mainstream, criticize this dual mandate as a difficult, if not impossible, balance. They point to Short-run Phillips Curves that show a tradeoff between inflation and unemployment rates. Expansionary monetary policy may encourage employment, but it runs the risk of above-target inflation. Contractionary monetary policy may rein in inflation, but at the detriment of employment levels.

The Mistake of Only Comparing US Murder Rates to “Developed” Countries

Much of the political thinking about violence in the United States comes from unfavorable comparisons between the United States and a series of cherry-picked countries with lower murder rates and with fewer guns per capita. We’ve all seen it many times. The United States, with a murder rate of approximately 5 per 100,000 is compared to a variety of Western and Central European countries (also sometimes Japan) with murder rates often below 1 per 100,000.

There’s No Correlation Between Gun Ownership, Mass Shootings, and Murder Rates

While I was fact checking today’s Mises Daily article, I checked some correlation coefficients of my own so I didn’t have to rely on Volokh’s numbers as my only source.

I approached the data a little differently than Volokh did and instead of using a subjective ranking by an organization like the Brady organization, I just looked at the rate of gun ownership in the state. After all, the argument is often that more guns and more gun owners leads to more violence.