Mainstream economics is deterministic, holding that economic actors continue to move in one direction, not responding to changes in economic circumstances or incentives. The Austrians understand economics is about people engaged in purposeful action.
Ryan Turnipseed
Ryan Turnipseed is a PhD student at Oklahoma State University in the Department of Entrepreneurship, having earned his bachelor’s in economics and entrepreneurship from the same university. In his research of entrepreneurship, he focuses on institutions and uncertainty from a Misesian perspective. Ryan was a summer research fellow at the Mises Institute in 2025, and his writings and works can be found here, lewrockwell.com, his YouTube channel and Twitter account, and at the Old Glory Club.
