Index

INDEX

Adam Smith quoted, 307

Ad-valorem duties, 138, 258–59

Ad-valorem duty on woolens, 179, 250, 258, 288n, 332

Agricultural products

duty of 1883, 212

duty of 1890, 233–34

in 1909, 310

Aldrich on tariff of 1909, 317

Bar-iron

duty of 1883, 208

in 1864–83, 348

Beet-sugar and protection, 334

Blankets, duty

of 1867, 173n, 185

of 1883, 250

Canada’s tariff relation to U.S. in 1909, 338

Carpets, duty

of 1867, 184

of 1890, 227

Carpet wool, duty

of 1867, 174–75

of 1883, 204

of 1890, 220

of 1897, 282

Charcoal iron, 51, 115

Clay and the tariff, 68, 76, 85n

Cleveland

on the tariff, 216, 219

does not sign act of 1894, 248, 272

Coal, duty

in 1872, 160

in 1894, 254,

in 1897, 290n, 320

in 1909, 320

Coffee

free in 1846, 101

duty reduced, 155

repealed, 159

expediency of, 159

Colonies, industrial state of, 16

Compensating system

on wool and woolens, 170

abolished 1894, 250

reestablished 1897, 282

Compromise tariff of 1833, 98

Conference committee on tariff

in 1883, 199

in 1890, 247

in 1897, 278–79

in 1909, 317

Copper, duty

of 1869, 189

of 1883, 209

of 1890–97, 232, 291

Cotton gloves, duty of 1909, 402

Cotton goods, duty

of 1816, 33

of 1864, 166

of 1883, 202, 206

of 1890, 227

of 1897, 285

of 1909, 314, 326

Cotton manufacture 1789–1824, 29

under tariff of 1833, 118

in 1846–60, 140

Cotton stockings, duty

of 1890, 228

of 1909, 285

Crisis

of 1818, 26, 64, 74

of 1837, 102–03

of 1857, 104

of 1893, 273, 276

Cuban sugar at reduced duty, 336–37

Cutlery, duty and manufacture, 290

Dawes on tariff of 1872, 157, 160

Democratic party

on tariff in 1883–90, 217

victorious in 1890–92, 243

divided in 1896, 273–74

Dress goods for women, duty

of 1883, 201

of 1890, 225

Earthenware, duties in 1890–97, 56, 289

Finkelnburg introduces bill of 1872, 158

Flannels, duty

of 1867, 178, 185

of 1883, 207

Flax, duty

of 1828, 80, 92

of 1870, 195

of 1890, 235

of 1894, 254

of 1897, 289

Foreign trade

in 1792–1815, 18

after 1816, 26, 28

under tariff of 1846, 107

Frelinghuysen on copper act of 1869, 190

Fruits, duty of 1909, 314

Garfield on tariff in 1870, 155

German protests on tariff of 1909, 312

Glass, duties in 1890–97, 289

Gloves, duty of 1909, 314

Hardware, 130, 326, 331

Harris, B., on woollen duties, 173

Harrisburg convention of 1827, 75

Harrison

elected in 1888, 218

defeated in 1892, 243

Hawaiian sugar free, and effects, 238, 335

Hayes, J.L.

on act of 1872, 158–59, 163

President of Tariff

Commission of 1882, 198

on tariff of 1883, 207, 212

Hemp

protected in 1789, 22

duty of 1828, 81, 92

character of culture, 81

Hides

admitted free in 1872, 160

subject to duty in 1897, 282, 319n

free again in 1909, 319

Home-market argument after 1818, 61, 70

Horizontal reduction

in 1833, 98, 105

in 1872, 160

proposed in 1884, 215

Hosiery

manufacture before 1860, 127

See also Cotton Stockings and Knit Goods

Imports, 1860–1907, 345

Imports affected by duties, 105, 160

Imports and exports, 1791–1814, 19–20, 28

Internal-revenue acts of 1862 and 1864, 140, 142

Internal taxes repealed, 150

Iron, duties

of 1816, 48

of 1818, 49

of 1824, 49

of 1828, 80, 108, 230

of 1846, 109

of 1870, 155

of 1883, 208

of 1890, 231

of 1894, 256

of 1897, 289

of 1909, 324

Iron manufacture

in the colonies, 46

in 1789–1808, 47

under acts of 1842 and 1846, 113

since 1870, 230, 256, 292

Iron-ore, duty

in 1861–83, 202

in 1890, 231

in 1894, 255

in 1897, 290

in 1909, 320

Iron rails free in 1833, 53

Jackson party and tariff of 1828, 77

Jefferson on protection, 21

“Jokers” in tariff of 1909, 317, 402n

Jute free in 1890, 235

Knit-goods, duty

in 1890, 228

in 1909, 327

Labor cost and duties, relation

between, 307, 330

Lead, duty in 1890–97, 291

Leather duty reduced in 1909, 325

Linens, duty

in 1890, 229

in 1894, 254

in 1897, 288

Lowell founded, 35

Madison on protection, 21

Mallory and the tariff of 1828, 75n, 78

Marble, duty

of 1864–70,

of 1883, 211

Maximum and minimum rates in 1909, 340

Michigan and beet sugar in 1909, 334

Mills bill of 1888, 217

Minimum duties

of 1816, 33, 69

proposed in 1820 and 1824, 70

in 1827, 73, 75

in 1828, 82, 91

in 1890, 230

discussed, 73, 91, 230

similar system in 1890, 230

Molasses, duty of 1828, 83, 88

Morrill, J.S.

on tariff of 1861, 139

tariff act of 1864, 142, 151

on marble duties, 193

Morrison

bill of 1876, 165

tariff act of 1884–86, 215

on act of 1883, 199n

Nickel duty, 195, 211

Nippers and pliers, duty raised in 1909, 339

North, S.N.D., 332

Payne on tariff of 1909, 311

Philippine sugar free in 1909, 335

Pig-iron. See Iron

Plate-glass duties, 289

Politics and the tariff of 1828, 75

Porto Rico sugar free, 336

Power loom introduced, 33, 43

Printing paper, duty of 1897 and 1909, 321, 322n

Prosperity affected by tariff?, 244, 270, 305

Protection feeling

in 1789, 21, 63

after 1808, 23

in 1816, 24, 63

strong after 1818, 23, 64

decline after 1832, 59, 93

after the Civil War, 151, 151n, 164

in 1909, 344

Protection to young industries

argument for, 11

applicable to steel rails and copper, 210

Raw materials, effect of remitting duties, 322

Razors, duty of 1909, 327, 331

Reciprocity provisions

of 1890, 238

of 1897, 298

abolished in 1909, 343

Reed rule of 1883, 199n

Remissions of duty, effect of partial, 238, 335

Revenue duties abolished, 163, 235

Revenue from customs and internal taxes, 350

Revenue from tariff uncertain, 300–01

Rice, A.H., on tariff of 1851, 138n

Rolled bar-iron

duty on, 55, 57, 111

first made in U.S., 115

Salt duty reduced, 160

Seward on tariff of 1857, 101n

Sherman

on tariff of 1861, 138n

on tea and coffee in 1875, 190n

Shingles, duty raised in 1909, 318n

Shoes, duty reduced in 1909, 326

Silks, duty

in 1883, 211

in 1890, 229

in 1894, 254

in 1897, 285

in 1909, 287n, 328

Silver question and the tariff, in 1896, 274

Sinking fund in 1875, 164

South

against protection after 1820, 67

on lumber duties in 1909, 323

Specific duties

under act of 1833, 98

in 1861, 138

in 1894, 259

Steel duty in 1883, 191

Steel rails, duty

of 1870, 191

of 1883, 208

of 1890, 232

of 1894, 257

of 1897, 290

of 1909, 324

growth of manufacture, 293, 324

statistics, 351

Sugar

duty repealed in 1890, 235

bounty on, in 1890, 236

on raw sugar restored in 1894, 263

duty in 1897, 295

duty in 1909, 334

reasons for and against, 260

new conditions in 1908, 334

on refined sugar, and the

Sugar Trust, 264, 296, 333

Sugar, figures as to, for 1890 and 1908, 337n

Structural steel, duty raised in 1909, 339

Taft, President, attitude on tariff

in 1909, 306, 318

Tariff act

of 1789, 21

of 1816, 25, 63

of 1824, 68

of 1828, 80

of 1832, 90, 98

of 1833, 98

of 1842, 100

of 1846, 101, 136

of 1857, 102, 137

of 1861, 137

of 1862, 140

of 1864, 142

of 1870, 155

of 1872, 160

of 1875, 164

of 1883, 200, 212

of 1890, 219, 241

of 1894, 243, 270

of 1897, 273, 279

of 1909, 305, 343

Tariff bill

of 1820, 64, 66

of 1827 (woollens), 72

of 1867, 153

of 1872, 158

of 1878, 1879, 165

of 1883, 226

of 1884, 1886, 216

of 1888, 217

Tariff board or commission of 1909, 341

Tariff commission of 1882, 198

Tea

free in 1846, 101, 241n

duty reduced, 155

repealed 1872, 235, 347

policy of, 161

Ten per cent. reduction of 1872, 158, 164

Tin plates, duty

in 1861–90, 233

in 1894, 258

in 1897, 294

“True principle” of protection as proclaimed in 1909, 306

Trusts and the tariff, 264, 306

Van Buren and tariff of 1828, 85, 88, 89n

Wages argument

appears about 1840, 60

its position in 1909, 309

Walker; R.J., and tariff of 1846, 101

War finances, 138, 154

Webster and tariff of 1828, 88, 89

Wells, D.A.

on internal taxes, 142

prepares bills of 1867, 153

on copper veto of 1869, 190n

Wharton, J., on nickel duty, 195n

Wheat, exports of, 1803–20, 28n

Whitman, Wm., 332

Wood, F., introduces bill of 1878, 165

Wood pulp duty in 1909, 321

Wool and woollens, duties

of 1816, 41, 69n

of 1824, 41, 69n

of 1828, 81, 83

of 1832, 91, 92

of 1846, 101

of 1857, 129

of 1861, 170

of 1864, 171, 172

of 1867, 174, 176

of 1883, 201, 204, 206

of 1890, 219, 222

of 1894, 249

of 1897, 279, 284

unchanged in 1909, 332

Wool, cheap, admitted at low rates, 81

Wool duty, economic aspects of, in United States, 204, 220, 249, 279

Wool, duty in England repealed 1824, 72

Wool tops duty, 332

Woollen dress-goods, duty

of 1883, 200

of 1890, 226

of 1897, 283n, 332

Worsted manufacture, 128

Wright, Silas, on tariff of 1828, 85

Young-industries argument, 11, 24n, 59

Zinc ore, duty raised in 1909, 314

The Tariff History of the United States

INDEX