Requiem for Marx

Index

Abrams, M. H., 231n, 232n, 240n

Acton, Lord (John), 61n

Adamites, 247–48

Agursky, Mikhail, 8

Althusser, Louis, 223–24

Andropov, Yuri, 15–16

Athenaeum, 76

Austrian school of economics, 10–11, 46, 58–60, 62–63, 72

Avineri, Shlomo, 88n, 90n

Babeuf, François Noel, 268–71

Bagehot, Walter, 75

Bakunin, Mikhail, 107–8, 117, 274, 283, 284

Banking, 65–67, 200–1, 217–18; and monetary imperialism, 69

Baran, Paul A., 51n

Barmby, John Goodwyn, 275–76, 277

Bauer, Bruno, 83, 275, 285

Baxter, R. Dudley, 103

Becker, Gary, 10

Bensen, Bruce, 232n

Berger, Mikhail, 12

Berlin, Isaiah, 82n, 99n

Bettelheim, Charles, 189n

Biewener, Carole, 189

Billington, James, 123, 269n, 274, 277n, 278n

Blanqui, Adolphe, 191–92

Bloch, Ernst, 293–94

Bloch, Joseph, 135

Bloom, Allan, 108–9

Bloom, Solomon, 120n

Bobkov, Philip, 14

Bockelson, Jan, 253ff

Bogdanov, Alexander Alexandrovich, 293

Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen von, 10, 35, 55n, 225–26

Boehme, Jakob, 231, 239–40

Boettke, Peter J., 10n, 14n

Bonnot de Condillac, Etienne, 264–66

Bonnot de Mably, Gabriel, 264–66, 268

Bottomore, T. B., 120n, 142n, 189n

Bowley, A. L., 100

Bramson, Leon, 240n

Brethren of the Free Spirit, 243–15, 247

Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 12n

Buchanan, James, 65n

Buonarroti, Filippo Guiseppe Maria Lodovico, 272–73

Burns, Mary, 106n

Bush, George, 26, 121n

Business cycle theory, 46–47

Business, establishment, 65–68

Cabet, Etienne, 274, 277

Cafe Stehely, 78

Calculation, economic, 8–9, 10–11, 48–49, 278

Camus, Albert, 77n

Capital punishment, 256

Capitalism, 31, 163–64; and transition to socialism, 159–60; versus mercantilism, 166ff; versus socialism, 33–49, 65–73; Marx’s critique of, 124

Carlyle, Thomas, 240

Carver, Terrell, 88n

Chernenko regime, 16

Chernobyl, 18

Chesterton, G. K, 228n

Christianity, 76ff, 123, 221–94; Anabaptists, 222, 248ff; Atheism, 226–28, 282, 294; Calvinism, 248–49; Last Days, 241ff; Reabsorption Theology, 226–33, 228ff

China, 8

Cieszkowski, Count August, 283–85

Civic Union (Russian), 29

Class analysis, 51–73, 160–61, 172–74, 179–81, 189–220

Classical liberalism, 189–220

Clemence, Richard, 71n

Cohen, G. A, 41–42 41n

Cohen, Stephen, 14

Cohn, Norman, 243n, 245n

Cole, G. D. H., 225n

Communist Party (USSR), 14, 20, 223n

Communism (see Marxism and socialism), 81, 88, 107, 110, 221ff, Soviet 21–22, 223n; foreshadowed in Anabaptism, 252ff; in French Revolution, 263ff, contrasted with socialism, 131–32, 288; as a theological vision, 221ff; of sexes, 246, 257–58, 266; popularity of term, 274, 276

Competition, 19, 66

Comte, Charles, 194, 195, 198–201, 210, 212

Conway, David, 8n

Constant, Benjamin, 195–96

Contractualism, 65

Cullenberg, Steve, 29

Czechoslovakia, 8

Danielson, Nicolai F., 113n

Democracy, in Soviet socialism, 12

Demuth, Helene, 98, 122

Destutt de Tracy, Antoine, 195

Dezamy, Theodore, 278–79

Dictatorship of the Proletariat, 39

Doctors Club, 80

Draper, Hal, 92n, 92n

Dunoyer, Charles, 194, 196, 198n, 201ff, 212

Ebeling, Richard M., 10n, 11n

Eberstadt, Nick, 12n

Eckhart, Meister Johannes, 227

Eckartshausen, Carl von, 268

Elster, Jon, 36n, 226n

Engels, Friedrich (see also Marx), 7, 40, 155, 232; biographical, 83ff, 280n

Entrepreneurship, 156–57, 173, 197

Erigena, John Scous, 227

Exploitation, 202–4; theory in Marxism, 33–49, 65–70

Euzent, Patricia, 198n

Evans, Peter B., 68n

Eyck, Frank, 92n

Familism, 262–63

Fetter, Frank, 56n

Ferguson, Adam, 236, 236n

Feudalism, 53, 62, 128–29, 132, 159

Feuerbach, Ludwig, 78, 285–87, 294

Finder, Joseph, 26n

“Free love,” 257–58, 266

French Revolution, 263–269

Freud, Sigmund, 108–09

Frost, Father, as new St. Nicholas, 7

Gay, Jules, 276

Gaydar (Gaidar), Yegor, 12, 28

Geltman, Max, 118n

Geraschenko, Victor, 24

Glasnost, 14

Gold Standard, 58n

Government, classical liberal theory of, 197, 202–3, 207–8; role in Hegelian-ism, 237–40, 283, 287, Gorbachev, Mikhail (see also Perestroika), 223; background and record of, 14–29; and Baltic states and Eastern Europe, 25; support for socialism, 25

Gordon, David, 29n, 30

Gosudarsvenichestvo (cult of the state), 29

Gouldner, Alvin, 84–85, 85n, 105n

Gourier, Charles, 85n

Gottfried, Paul, 268n

Gray, Alexander, 225–26, 230, 264–65, 267n, 271n

Great Britain, 69, 71n

Great Society, 29

Greaves, Percy L., 58n

Greeley, Horace, 85n, 97

Gruner, Shirley, 210n

Guizot, François, 192, 210–12, 216

Habermas, Jürgen, 72n

Hale, William Harlan, 85n

Halle, Louis J., 75

Hammon, Oscar J., 84n, 94n

Hayek, Freidrich A., 10, 11n, 40n, 64n, 144n, 236

Hart, David M., 59

Hegel, G. F., 153, 230, 233–40, 280, 283, 291

Heilbroner, Robert, 165

Hess, Moses, 82ff, 88–90, 279, 287

Higgs, Robert, 68n

Higham, Charles, 121n

Hill, Christopher, 233n

Hobsbawm, E. J., 125

Hoff, Trygve J. B., 10n

Hollander, Paul, 8n

Homesteading principle, 59–61

Hook, Sidney, 88, 89n, 118, 146

Hoover, Herbert, 26

Hoppe, Hans-Hermann, 10n, 30, 57n, 60n, 65n, 66n, 70n

Hunt, Richard, 204n

Hus, Jan, 245–48

Hut, Hans, 252

Imperialism, 68ff

India, 71n

Industrialism (Industrialisme), 193–214

Industrial Revolution, 39

Inflation, under socialism, 13; under Gorbachev, 24–25; and empire, 69–70 (see also Banking)

Intervention, interventionists, similarity with Marxists, 8–9, 182

James, Michael, 196n

Jefferson, Thomas, 217–18

Joachim of Fiore, 242–43

Kampuchea, 8, 254

Kauffman, W., 238n

Kelsen, Hans, 72n

Kennedy, Emmet, 195n

Keynesians (John Maynard Keynes), 121, 121n; Russian, 28

Khrushchev, Nikita, 18, 23, 115n

Kiernan, V. G., 133

Kingdom of God on Earth, see millennarianism

Knipperdollinck, Bernt, 258ff

Kirzner, Israel, 10n

Kissinger, Henry, 25

Knox, Ronald A., 249n

Köln Circle, 92

Kolakowski, Leszek, 51n, 227

Kolko, Gabriel, 68n

Kopin, Viktor, 13

Krippendorff, Ekkehart, 68n

Kucherenko, Victor, 24

Kuermnelt-Leddihn, Erik von, 8n

Kugelmann, Dr., 100–1

Lafargue, Paul, 114

Lassalle, 117, 118

Lavoie, Don, 10–1n

Law on Cooperatives, 22–23

League of the Just, 275

Leggett, William, 165, 217–18

Lenin, Vladimir, 123, 269; on class analysis, 193n; New Economic Policy, 14; the Soviet Union and, 7, 9, 26, 27, 107, 110n, 119–20

Leonhard, Werner, 51n

Leontyev, L. A., 150

Lichtheim, George, 86n

Liggio, Leonard, 59n, 68n, 194n

Longuet, Adgar, 85n

Louis Philippe (July Monarchy), 215–16

Lukyanov, Anatoly, 27

Luther, Martin, 248–49, 275

Maenchen-Helfen, and Nicolaievsky, 99n, 99n, 103n

Machajski, 284

Malaylam, 7

Malia, Martin, 9n, 12

Mandel, Ernest, 51n

Manifesto of Equals, 269–71

Mao, Zedong 107

Marcus, Steven, 86n

Marcuse, Herbet, 224

Martin, James, 68n, 121n

Martin, Thomas, 198n

Marx, Eleanor (Aveling), 85, 91n

Marx, Heinrich, 78–80, 124

Marx, Karl (see also Marxism), alienation, concept of, 228, 236, 240; anti-semitism, 85–86, 86n, 117–18; biographical, 75–124, 279–87; business cycle theory, 46–47; centrality of communist vision, 221–26, 276–77; use of ceteribus paribus device, 154–62; class analysis, 51–73, 160–61, 172–74, 179–81, 220; Christianity and, 75ff, 220ff, 280ff; economic theory of, 7–8, 10, 33–49, 157, 278; Engels’ influence on, 83ff; method (super-structure), 125–26, 143ff; personal income, 92–103; place of ideas, 147–48; in Russia and the Soviet Union, 7, 21, 27, 140, 223n, 292; stages of history, 127–31, 133, 141–42, 221ff, 283–84, 287; success among academics, 86–87, 104, 223; theory of exchange, 36; theory of exploitation of, 33–49, 52ff, 65–70, 202–1; theory of history, 133–42, 224; theory of human nature, 151–53, 290–91; theory of monopoly, 8–9, 44–45, 169–70; theory of profit, 37, 145–146, 162–63, 168–69, 175ff, 176n; theory of value, 10, 33–35, 70, 75, 110–11, 225; theory of wages, 35, 38, 57, 171–72, 178–80; Anti-Dühring, 127; Ausgewaehlt Schriften, 53n; The Civil War in France, 112, 205; Communist Manifesto, 51n, 54n, 53n, 71n, 89, 94, 119, 126, 141, 178, 181, 189, 220, 225, 274, 277; Critique of the Gotha Program, 38, 39n, 106n, 119n, 127; Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts, 142–43; Die Entwicklung des Sozialismus von der Utopie zur Wissenschaft, 53n; The German Ideology, 84, 89, 111, 136, 143; Grundrisse, 111–12, 130, 147; The Holy Family, 93, 105n; Das Kapital, 40, 46, 51n, 53, 54n, 85, 85n, 99, 101, 103, 110–10, 116, 121–22, 130, 141, 190n, 225; The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, 127, 158; Poverty of Philosophy, 138; Pre-Capitalist Economic Formations, 126; Preface to the Critique of Political Economy, 42–43, 105n, 125, 178; Schelling and Revelation: Critique of the Latest Attempt of Reaction Against the Free Philosophy, 106; Revolution and Counter-Revolution, or Germany in 1848, 84n

Marxism (Marxism-Leninism, see also Marx, socialism, communism) bureaucracy, 107, 202–6; death toll of, 8; similarity with Anabaptism, 262–63ff; language of, 29, 143, 148–49; imperialism, 68–71; inevitability of, 33, 70, 140–42, 162–63; philosophical case for, 33–49; as religion, 7, 9, 76ff, 123, 221–23, 224ff, 280ff, legacy in the United States, 29

Masonary, 268

Matthys, Jan, 253ff

Mazzini, Giuseppe, 106–7, 278

McKay, Donald Cope, 94n

McLellan, David, 88n, 193n, 278n

McMurtry, John, 143–44, 149

Medvedev, Roy, 9–10

Mendel, Gregor, 8

Menger, Carl, 10

Mehring, Franz, 78n, 83n, 87, 87n, 89, 97, 100n, 114f, 117, 193n

Mercantilism, 164–82

Mignet, François, 193, 211–12

Millennarianism, 30, 123, 221–90; premillinialism and postmillinialism, 221ff

Mins, Henry F., 81n

Mises, Ludwig von, 10–11, 70n, 120, 153, 155, 174, 190n, 220n, 228; critique of Marxism, 43–46, 58n, 111n; prediction on socialism, 11–12; time preference, 56ff

Moll, Joseph, 275

Molnar, Thomas, 290–92

Monopoly, 8–9, 12, 44–45, 169–70

Morelly, 265–66

Mtchedlov, M., 77n

Müntzer, Thomas, 249–63

Nature, Human, 265

New Deal, 29

New Economic Policy, 14

Niclaes, Henry, 262–63

Nicholas I, Emperor, 83

Nicholas of Basle, 244

North, Gary, 30

Nove, Alec, 14

Nozick, Robert, 34n

Offe, Claus, 72n

Oppenheimer, Franz, 61n, 64n, 199n

Orlov, Vladimir, 24

Osterfeld, David, 30

Otinger, Johann Christoph, 267

Outlaws, The League of, 274–75

Owen, Robert, 274

Pantheism, 233ff

Party of Regeneration, 29

Payne, Robert, 76, 91n, 94n, 98, 99n, 101, 103–4n, 282n

Paul, Saint, 76–77

Pavlov, Valentin, 26

Peasants’War, 251, 252

Perestroika, 12–29; anti-alchohol campaign, 16–18; budget cuts under, 22; dishonest income campaign, 18–20; labor discipline campaign, 20–22; markets established by, 22–26; ruble exchange under, 23

Philips, Lion, 99, 101

Pipes, Richard, 8

Piyasheva, Larisa, 12, 13

Plant, Raymond, 235

Plotinus, 227

Popov, Gavriil, 12

Popper, Karl, 145, 157–58, 160n, 237n

Prometheus, 81, 123

Proudhon, 117

Private property, 8–9, 61, 64, 152,231, 266, 269, 278, 288–89

Public choice school (also see class analysis), 65

Raddatz, Fritz J., 86n, 89,92n, 93n, 105n, 106n, 107n, 112–114

Raico, Ralph, 30, 59n, 194n, 217n

Ravel, Jean FranŁois, 110n

“Red Doctor of Soho,” 103

Religion, see Christianity

Rheinische Zeitung, 81–82, 89, 92, 96, 115

Ricardo, David, 119, 150, 157, 277

Roberts, Paul Craig, 8, 236n

Rockwell, Llewellyn H., 57n

Roemer, John, 41–42, 41n, 55n, 226n

Romantic poetry, 239

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 26

Rothbard, Murray N., 11n, 30, 45, 46–47, 47n, 56n, 59n, 60n, 66n, 67n, 68n, 72n, 155, 165, 220n

Rothmann, Bernt, 253ff

Ruehle, Otto, 102n, 116–17

Rüstow, Alexander, 61n

Ruge, Arnold, 92, 115, 279

Russia (see also Soviet Union) economic production in 10–12, 13, 24, 28; Marx’s thoughts on, 139–40

Russian National Union, 29

Ruling class, 60ff

Rutland, Peter, 9n

Rydenfelt, Sven, 12n

Saint-Martin, Louis Claude de, 267–68

Saint-Simon, Henri de, 194–95

Salerno, Joseph T., 59n

Sandeen, Ernest R., 223n

Satanism, 231, 280–82

Say, Jean-Baptiste, 191, 196–98, 212, 217

Schapper, Karl, 275

Schiller, Friedrich, 240

Schumpeter, Joseph, 71n, 84, 153, 156, 179

Schwartzschild, Leopold, 117n

Schweitzer, Johann, 117

Self-interest, among bureaucrats, 8–9, 29

Selyunin, Vasiliy, 12

Shafarevich, Igor, 251n, 270n

Shmelev, Nikolay, 12

Skocpol, Theda, 218–20

Slavery (see also feudalism), 53

Smith, Adam, 119, 150, 182, 217, 236

Smith, Logan Pearsal, 102

Socialism (also see Marxism), 274; effects in Soviet Union, 13–30; Marxian case for, 33–49, 131–33, 160–61; suffering under, 9, 72–73

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 8n

Soviet Union, 119–20; academia, 20; agriculture, 13; anti-alcohol campaign, 16–18; coup attempt in 1991, 26–28; date of death, 28; democracy in, 12; dishonest income campaign, 18–20; economic production in, 12, 28; Gorbachev and, 14–29; labor discipline in, 20–21; Marxian culture in, 7; Yeltsin and, 27–29

Sowell, Thomas, 36, 173n, 223n

Stace, W. T., 238

Stalin, Josef, 9–10, 13, 18, 23, 27, 107, 223, 288, 294

Starr, Harris E., 218n

Stein, Lorenz von, 287–88

Stern, J. P., 294

Storch, Niklas, 249

Sumner, William Graham, 218

Sutton, Antony C., 121n

Sweezy, Paul M., 51n

Taborites, 245–48, 251

Talmon, J. L., 279n

Tame, David, 85n

Taylor, John, of Caroline, 217

Taxation, 63n, 65, 71, 203, 207, 217–18

Thatcher, Margaret, 16

Thierry, Augustin, 192–96, 198–99, 206–9, 212–13, 216

Thiers, Adolphe, 212

Third Estate, 213–14

Thomas, Paul, 107n

Tilly, Charles, 68n, 71n, 72n

Time preference, 56ff

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 75

Treadgold, Donald, 121

Trentowski, B. F., 284

Trotsky, Leon, 120

Tucker, Robert, 119n, 224n, 234–35, 238, 286, 288–89

Tullock, Gordon, 65

Tuveson, Ernest, 222

University of Berlin, 78ff, 122

University of Bonn, 78ff

Utility, 199, interpersonal comparisons, 167–68

Vavilov, Sergei, 8

Voegelin, Erich, 241

Voltaire, 283

Vorwaerts! (Forward), 83

Warren, Bill, 71n

Warren, Josiah, 277

Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, 9n

Weber, Max, 29, 78n

Weinburg, Mark, 59n

Weinstein, James, 68

Westphalen, Jenny von (Marx) 83, 85, 91, 98, 102, 280–81

Wetter, Gustav, 51n

Weydemeyer, Joseph, 192

Weyl, Nathaniel, 86n

Whigg theory of history, 214

Wilhelm, King Friedrich III, 239

White, Lawrence, 218n

Windelband, Wilhelm, 120

Winstanley, Gerrard, 231–32, 263

Wittfogel, Karl, 140

Wolff, Wilhelm, 99

Wurmbrand, Richard, 76n, 88n, 281n, 282n

Yanayev, Gennadi, 26

Yavlinksky, Grigoriy, 12

Yeltsin, Boris, 27–29

Young Hegelians, 80ff

Zizka, Jan, 247–48