Cronyism

Bibliography

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adams, Charles Francis, Jr. “The Railroad Problem (1879).” In The Transformation of American Society, 1870–1890, edited by John Garraty, 64–72. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1968.

Adams, Henry. The Letters of Henry Adams, 1892–1918. Edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1938.

“Address of Welcome on Behalf of the Medical Profession of St. Louis.” Journal of the American Medical Association 54, no.4 (June 11, 1910): 1989.

Ahamed, Liaquat. Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World. New York: Penguin Books, 2009.

Akerlof, George A., and Robert J. Shiller. Phishing for Phools: The Economics of Manipulation and Deception. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015.

Alexander, Roberta Sue. “Salmon P. Chase.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance to 1913, 88–105.

Anderson, Benjamin M. Economics and the Public Welfare: A Financial and Economic History of the United States, 1914–1946. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1979.

Anderson, Oscar E., Jr. The Health of a Nation: Harvey W. Wiley and the Fight for Pure Food. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958.

Armentano, Dominick T. Antitrust and Monopoly: Anatomy of a Policy Failure, 2nd ed. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute, 1990.

Armour, J. Ogden. The Packers, the Private Car Lines, and the People. Philadelphia: Henry Altemus, 1906.

Arnesen, Eric. Brotherhoods of Color: Black Railroad Workers and the Struggle for Equality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.

———. “‘Like Banquo’s Ghost, It Will Not Down’: The Race Question and the American Railroad Brotherhoods, 1880–1920.” American Historical Review 99, no. 5 (December 1994): 1601–33.

Arpee, Edward. Lake Forest, Illinois: History and Reminiscences, 1861–1961. Lake Forest, IL: Rotary Club of Lake Forest, 1964.

Atack, Jeremy, Fred Bateman, and William Parker. “The Farm, the Farmer, and the Market.” In The Long Nineteenth Century, edited by Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman, 245–84. Vol. 2 of The Cambridge Economic History of the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Atack, Jeremy, and Peter Passel. A New Economic View of American History. 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 1994.

Ayala, César J. American Sugar Kingdom: The Plantation Economy of the Spanish Caribbean, 1898–1934. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

Barreyre, Nicolas. Gold and Freedom: The Political Economy of Reconstruction. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2015.

Becker, William H. The Dynamics of Business-Government Relations: Industry and Exports, 1893–1921. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.

Beito, David T. “Andrew Mellon.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance, 1913–1989, 267–82.

Belmont, August. Letters, Speeches, and Addresses of August Belmont. Privately Printed, 1890, 6.

Belohlavek, John M. Broken Glass: Caleb Cushing and the Shattering of the Union. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2005.

Bennett, James T. Highway Heist: America’s Crumbling Infrastructure and the Way Forward. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute, 2022.

Bensel, Richard Franklin. Passion and Preferences: William Jennings Bryan and the 1896 Democratic National Convention. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

———. The Political Economy of American Industrialization, 1877–1900. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

———. Sectionalism and American Political Development, 1880–1980. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

———. Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1859–1877. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Benson, Bruce L. “How to Secede in Business without Really Leaving: Evidence of the Substitution of Arbitration for Litigation.” In Secession, State and Liberty, edited by David Gordon, 243–86. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1998.

Benson, Lee. Merchants, Farmers, and Railroads: Railroad Regulation and New York Politics, 1850–1887. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1955.

Benton-Cohen, Katherine. Inventing the Immigration Problem: The Dillingham Commission and Its Legacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018.

Berfield, Susan. The Hour of Fate: Theodore Roosevelt, J. P. Morgan, and the Battle to Transform American Capitalism. New York: Bloomsbury, 2020.

Berk, Gerald. Louis D. Brandeis and the Making of Regulated Competition, 1900–1932. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Berliner, Howard. “New Light on the Flexner Report: Notes on the AMA-Carnegie Foundation Background.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 51, no. 4 (Winter 1977): 603–09.

Bernstein, David E. Only One Place of Redress: African Americans, Labor Regulations, and the Courts from Reconstruction to the New Deal. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001.

Bevan, Arthur Dean. “Cooperation in Medical Education and Medical Service.” Journal of the American Medical Association 90, no. 15 (April 14, 1928): 1173–77.

Billings, Frank. “Medical Education in the United States.” Science 17, no. 457 (May 15, 1903): 761–72.

Bird, Kai. The Chairman: John J. McCloy and the Making of the American Establishment. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.

Bishop, Joseph Bucklin. Theodore Roosevelt and His Time: Shown in His Letters. Vol. 1. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920.

Black, David. The King of Fifth Avenue: The Fortunes of August Belmont. New York: The Dial Press, 1981.

Blue, Frederick J. Salmon P. Chase: A Life in Politics. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1987.

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Banking and Monetary Statistics, 1914–1941. Washington, DC: Federal Reserve System, 1943.

Bolt, William K. Tariff Wars and the Politics of Jacksonian America. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2017.

Bonner, Thomas Neville. Iconoclast: Abraham Flexner and a Life in Learning. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.

Borazan, Ahmed. “Setting the Record Straight on the Recovery from the 1920–1921 Recession.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 47, no. 2 (March 2023): 289–308.

Bostaph, Samuel. Andrew Carnegie: An Economic Biography, Updated ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2017.

Boudreaux, Donald J., and Thomas J. DiLorenzo. “The Protectionist Roots of Antitrust.” Review of Austrian Economics 6, no. 2 (September 1993): 81–96.

Bradley, Linda J., and Barbara D. Merino. “Stuart Chase: A Radical CPA and the Meat Packing Investigation, 1917–1918.” Business and Economic History 23, no. 1 (Fall 1994): 190–200.

Bradley, Robert L., Jr. Edison to Enron: Energy Markets and Political Strategies. Salem, MA: M&M Scrivener Press, 2011.

———. Oil, Gas, and Government: The U.S. Experience. Vol. 1. Lanham, MD, and Washington, DC: Rowman and Littlefield and the Cato Institute, 1995.

Braeman, John. “‘The People’s Lawyer’ Revisited: Louis D. Brandeis versus the United Shoe Machinery Company.” American Journal of Legal History 50, no. 3 (July 2008–10): 284–304.

———. “The Square Deal in Action: A Case Study in the Growth of the ‘National Police Power.’” In Change and Continuity in Twentieth-Century America, ed. John Braeman, Robert H. Bremner, and Everett Walters, 35–80. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1964.

Brandeis, Louis D. Before the Interstate Commerce Commission, Docket No. 3400. Boston, 1911.

———. “The Opportunity in the Law,” May 1905. In Business—A Profession, 329–43. Boston: Small, Maynard, 1914.

Brandes, Stuart D. Warhogs: A History of War Profits in America. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1997.

Brawley, Mark R. “‘And We Would Have the Field’: U.S. Steel and American Trade Policy, 1908–1912.” Business and Politics 19, no. 3 (September 2017): 424–53.

Emily Briggs. “The Dragons of the Lobby,” February 1869. In The Olivia Letters, 91–94. New York: Neale, 1906.

Briggs, Vernon M., Jr. Immigration and American Unionism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.

Brown, Dee. Hear That Lonesome Whistle Blow: The Epic Story of the Transcontinental Railroads. New York: First Owl Books, 2001.

Brown, E. Richard. Rockefeller Medicine Men: Medicine and Capitalism in America. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979.

Brown, Harry. “The Fleece and the Loom: Wool Growers and Wool Manufacturers during the Civil War Decade.” Business History Review 29, no. 1 (March 1955): 1–27.

Brown, John Howard. “Jeremiah Jenks: A Pioneer of Industrial Organization?” Journal of the History of Economic Thought 26, no. 1 (March 2004): 69–89.

Brownlee, W. Elliot. Federal Taxation in America: A History. 3rd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.

———. “Russell Cornell Leffingwell.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance, 1913–1989, 216–24.

———. “William Gibbs McAdoo.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance, 1913–1989, 239–47.

Broz, J. Lawrence. The International Origins of the Federal Reserve System. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997.

Bryan, Michael F. “On the Origin and Evolution of the Word Inflation.” Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Economic Commentary, October 15, 1997.

Bryant, Keith L., Jr., ed. Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Railroads in the Age of Regulation, 1900–1980. New York: Facts on File, 1988.

Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, and Alastair Smith. The Spoils of War: Greed, Power, and the Conflicts That Made Our Greatest Presidents. New York: Public Affairs, 2016.

“Bulletin No. IV!” National Eclectic Medical Association Quarterly 2, no. 1 (September 1910): 62.

Burch, Philip H., Jr. Elites in American History. Vol. 1, The Federalist Years to the Civil War. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981.

———. Elites in American History. Vol. 2, The Civil War to the New Deal. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981.

———. Elites in American History. Vol. 3, The New Deal to the Carter Administration. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1981.

Burgess, George H., and Miles C. Kennedy. Centennial History of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 1846–1946. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Railroad, 1949.

Burk, Kathleen. “The House of Morgan in Financial Diplomacy, 1920–1930.” In Anglo-American Relations in the 1920s: The Struggle for Supremacy, edited by B. J. C. McKercher, 125–57. London: Macmillan Press, 1991.

Burrow, James G. Organized Medicine in the Progressive Era: The Move toward Monopoly. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977.

Butler, Dan. “Leland Stanford.” In Frey, Encyclopedia, 376–79.

———. “Theodore Judah.” In Frey, Encyclopedia, 213–15.

Calhoun, Charles W. Minority Victory: Gilded Age Politics and the Front Porch Campaign of 1888. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2008.

Calomiris, Charles W. “Greenback Resumption and Silver Risk: The Economics and Politics of Monetary Regime Change in the United States, 1862–1900.” In Monetary Regimes in Transition, edited by Michael Bordo and Forrest Capie, 86–132. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Calomiris, Charles W., and Stephen H. Haber. Fragile by Design: The Political Origins of Banking Crises and Scarce Credit. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.

Calomiris, Charles W., and Larry Schweikart, “The Panic of 1857: Origins, Transmission, and Containment.” Journal of Economic History 51, no. 4 (December 1991): 807–34.

Calton, Christopher J. “Monstrous Monopolies and Vicious Competition: The General Incorporation Movement in Nineteenth-Century America.” PhD diss., University of Florida, 2023.

Carlson, Kurt A. “Backing the Boys in the Civil War: Chicago’s Home Front Supports the Troops—and Grows in the Process.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 104, no. 1–2 (Spring– Summer 2011): 140–65.

Carosso, Vincent P. Investment Banking in America: A History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970.

———. The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854–1913. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.

Carroll, Charles Holt. “Organization of Debt into Currency.” In Organization of Debt into Currency and Other Papers, 86–94. New York: Arno Press, 1972. Reprint, Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007.

Case, Josephine Young, and Everett Needham Case. Owen D. Young and American Enterprise: A Biography. Boston: David R. Godine, 1982.

Chandler, Alfred D., Jr. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977.

Chandler, Lester V. Benjamin Strong, Central Banker. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1958.

Chausovsky, Jonathan. “From Bureau to Trade Commission: Agency Reputation in the Statebuilding Enterprise.” Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 12, no. 3 (July 2013): 343–78.

Chernow, Ron. The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990.

———. Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. New York: Vintage Books, 1998.

———. The Warburgs: The Twentieth-Century Odyssey of a Remarkable Jewish Family. New York: Random House, 1993.

Childs, William R. Trucking and the Public Interest: The Emergence of Federal Regulation, 1914–1940. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1985.

Churella, Albert J. The Pennsylvania Railroad. Vol. 1, Building an Empire, 1846–1917. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.

———. The Pennsylvania Railroad. Vol. 2, The Age of Limits, 1917–1933. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2023.

Clark, Lawrence E. Central Banking under the Federal Reserve: With Special Consideration of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. New York: Macmillan, 1935.

Cleveland, Harold van B., and Thomas F. Huertas. Citibank, 1812–1970. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.

Clews, Henry. Fifty Years in Wall Street. Vol. 2. New York: Irving, 1908.

Coben, Stanley. “Northeastern Business and Radical Reconstruction: A Re-examination.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 46, no. 1 (June 1959): 67–90.

Cochran, Thomas C. “Did the Civil War Retard Industrialization?” In The Economic Impact of the American Civil War, edited by Ralph Andreano, 148–60. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman, 1962.

Cohen, Benjamin R. Pure Adulteration: Cheating on Nature in the Age of Manufactured Food. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019.

Cohen, Henry. Business and Politics in America from the Age of Jackson to the Civil War: The Career Biography of W. W. Corcoran. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1971.

Collier, Peter, and David Horowitz. The Rockefellers: An American Dynasty. New York: New American Library, 1977.

Committee on the History of the Federal Reserve System. “Albert H. Wiggin.” Register of Papers, November 3, 1955. Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research FRASER.

“Competition, Supply and Demand, and Medical Education.” Journal of the American Medical Association 11, no.1 (September 15, 1888): 382–83.

Comptroller of the Currency. Annual Report. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1921.

———. Annual Report. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1928.

Conant, Charles. The United States in the Orient. New York: Houghton, Mifflin, 1900.

Congressional Quarterly, American Political Leaders, 1789–2000. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2000.

Conner, Valerie J. “‘The Mothers of the Race’ in World War I: The National War Labor Board and Women in Industry.” Labor History 21, no. 1 (1979–80): 31–54.

Coppin, Clayton A., and Jack High. The Politics of Purity: Harvey Washington Wiley and the Origins of Federal Food Policy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002.

Corral, Emiliano, Jr. “‘Morality Looms as Large as Legality’: The United States Steel Corporation in the Progressive Era.” PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2011.

Coryell, Janet L. “W. W. Corcoran.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance to 1913, 146–50.

Cost, Jay. A Republic No More: Big Government and the Rise of American Political Corruption. New York: Encounter Books, 2015.

Craig, Douglas B. “‘Don’t You Hear All the Railroad Men Squeak?’: William G. McAdoo, the United States Railroad Administration, and the Democratic Presidential Nomination of 1924.” Journal of American Studies 48, no. 3 (August 2014): 777–95.

Crofts, Daniel W. Lincoln and the Politics of Slavery: The Other Thirteenth Amendment and the Struggle to Save the Union. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016.

Cuff, Robert D. The War Industries Board: Business-Government Relations during World War I. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.

Cullom, Shelby M. Fifty Years of Public Service. Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1911.

Culver, William W., and Cornel J. Reinhart. “Capitalist Dreams: Chile’s Response to Nineteenth-Century World Copper Competition.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 31, no. 4 (October 1989): 722–44.

Curry, Leonard P. Blueprint for Modern America: Non-military Legislation of the First Civil War Congress. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 1968.

Cutcliffe, Stephen H. “Federal Steel Company.” In Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: The Iron and Steel Industry in the Twentieth Century, edited by Bruce E. Seely, 128–29. New York: Facts on File, 1994.

Cyphers, Christopher J. The National Civic Federation and the Making of a New Liberalism, 1900–1915. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002.

Daggett, Stuart. Chapters on the History of the Southern Pacific. New York: Ronald Press, 1922.

Dalzell, Robert F., Jr. Enterprising Elite: The Boston Associates and the World They Made. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.

Danielian, N. R. AT&T: The Story of Industrial Conquest. New York: Arno Press, 1974.

Darné, Olivier, Amélie Charles, and Claude Diebolt, “A Revision of the US Business-Cycles Chronology 1790–1928.” Economics Bulletin 34, no. 1 (2014): 234–44.

Davis, George Cullom, Jr. “The Federal Trade Commission: Promise and Practice in Regulating Business, 1900–1929.” PhD diss., University of Illinois, 1969.

———. “The Transformation of the Federal Trade Commission, 1914–1929.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 49, no. 3 (December 1962): 437–55.

Dayer, Roberta A. “Anglo-American Monetary Policy and Rivalry in Europe and the Far East, 1919–1931.” In Anglo-American Relations in the 1920s: The Struggle for Supremacy, edited by B. J. C. McKercher, 158–86. London: Macmillan Press, 1991.

———. Finance and Empire: Sir Charles Addis, 1861–1945. London: Macmillan, 1988.

———. “Strange Bedfellows: J. P. Morgan & Co., Whitehall and the Wilson Administration during World War I.” Business History 18, no. 2 (July 1976): 127–51.

DeCanio, Samuel. Democracy and the Origins of the American Regulatory State. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015.

Denson, John V. “Lincoln and the First Shot: A Study of Deceit and Deception.” In Reassessing the Presidency: The Rise of the Executive State and the Decline of Freedom, edited by John V. Denson, 231–88. Auburn, AL: Mises Institute, 2001.

Detzer, David. Allegiance: Fort Sumter, Charleston, and the Beginning of the Civil War. New York: Harcourt, 2001.

De Wolk, Roland. American Disruptor: The Scandalous Life of Leland Stanford. Oakland: University of California Press, 2019.

Dickinson, Z. Clark. “Bureaux for Economic and ‘Business’ Research in American Universities.” Economic Journal 35, no. 139 (September 1925): 398–418.

Dickson, Peter R., and Philippa K. Wells. “The Dubious Origins of the Sherman Antitrust Act: The Mouse That Roared.” Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 20, no. 1 (Spring 2001): 3–14.

DiLorenzo, Thomas J. “The Culture of Violence in the American West: Myth versus Reality.” Independent Review 15, no. 2 (Fall 2010): 227–39.

———. How Capitalism Saved America: The Untold History of Our Country, from the Pilgrims to the Present. New York: Crown Forum, 2004.

———. Lincoln Unmasked: What You’re Not Supposed to Know about Dishonest Abe. New York: Crown Forum, 2006.

———. “The Myth of Natural Monopoly.” Review of Austrian Economics 9, no. 2 (September 1996): 43–58.

———. “The Origins of Antitrust: An Interest-Group Perspective.” International Review of Law and Economics 5, no. 1 (June 1985): 73–90.

———. The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2003.

Dirck, Brian. Lincoln the Lawyer. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2009.

Doenecke, Justus D. Nothing Less than War: A New History of America’s Entry into World War I. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2011.

Doezema, William R. “Walker D. Hines.” In Bryant Jr., Encyclopedia, 201–12.

Domhoff, G. William. The Corporate Rich and the Power Elite in the Twentieth Century: How They Won, Why Liberals and Labor Lost. New York: Routledge, 2020.

Donaldson, Thomas. The Public Domain: Its History, with Statistics. Washington, DC, 1880.

Donaldson, Dave, and Richard Hornbeck. “Railroads and American Economic Growth: A ‘Market Access’ Approach.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 2 (May 2016): 799–858.

Dorfman, Joseph. The Economic Mind in American Civilization. Volume 3, 1865–1918. New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1969.

“Dr. Edwin Francis Gay.” Huntington Library Quarterly 9, no. 3 (May 1946): 219–21.

Drabelle, Dennis. The Great American Railroad War: How Ambrose Bierce and Frank Norris Took on the Notorious Central Pacific Railroad. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2012.

Drake, Paul W. The Money Doctor in the Andes: The Kemmerer Missions, 1923–1933. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1989.

Duff, John. A. Lincoln: Prairie Lawyer. New York: Bramhall House, 1960.

Duquette, Nicolas J. “Founders’ Fortunes and Philanthropy: A History of the U.S. Charitable-Contribution Deduction.” Business History Review 93, no. 3 (Autumn 2019): 553–84.

Ecelbarger, Gary. The Great Comeback: How Abraham Lincoln Beat the Odds to Win the 1860 Republican Nomination. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2008.

Eddy, Arthur Jerome. The New Competition. New York: D. Appleton, 1912.

Eichengreen, Barry. Exorbitant Privilege: The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

———. Golden Fetters: The Gold Standard and the Great Depression, 1919–1939. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

———. Hall of Mirrors: The Great Depression, the Great Recession, and the Uses—and Misuses—of History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Eichengreen, Barry, and Marc Flandreau “The Rise and Fall of the Dollar (or When Did the Dollar Replace Sterling as the Leading International Currency?).” European Review of Economic History 13, no. 3 (December 2009): 377–411.

Eichengreen, Barry, and Kris J. Mitchener, “The Great Depression as a Credit Boom Gone Wrong.” Research in Economic History 22 (2004): 183–237.

Eland, Ivan. Recarving Rushmore: Ranking the Presidents on Peace, Prosperity, and Liberty. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute, 2009.

Elzinga, Kenneth G. “In the Beginning: The Creation of the Economic Expert in Antitrust.” Journal of Law and Economics 65, no. 52 (November 2022): 519–42.

Emery, Robert A. “Middle-Aged Agility: The ICC and Unregulated Trucking in the 1920’s and 1930’s.” Journal of Transportation Law, Logistics, and Policy 75, no. 1 (Winter 2008): 36–39.

Eyal, Yonatan. The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party, 1828–1861. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Fairman, Charles. “Mr. Justice Bradley’s Appointment to the Supreme Court and the Legal Tender Cases.” Harvard Law Review 54, no. 6 (April 1941): 977–1034.

Ferguson, Thomas. “From ‘Normalcy’ to New Deal: Industrial Structure, Party Competition, and American Public Policy in the Great Depression.” In Golden Rule: The Investment Theory of Party Competition and the Logic of Money-Driven Political Systems, 113–72. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

———. “Party Realignment and American Industrial Structure: The Investment Theory of Political Parties in Historical Perspective.” In Golden Rule: The Investment Theory of Party Competition and the Logic of Money-Driven Political Systems, 17–110. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

Fine, Sidney. Laissez Faire and the General-Welfare State: A Study of Conflict in American Thought, 1865–1901. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1976.

Fishback, Price. “The Progressive Era.” In Government and the American Economy: A New History, by Price Fishback, Robert Higgs, Gary D. Libecap, et al., 288–322. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.

Fishbein, Morris. The Medical Follies. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1925.

Fishlow, Albert. “Internal Transportation in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.” In The Long Nineteenth Century, edited by Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman, 543–642. Vol. 2 of The Cambridge Economic History of the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Fitzsimons, David M. “Thomas W. Lamont.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance, 1913–1989, 207–10.

Flexner, Abraham. Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Boston: D. B. Updike, Merrymount Press, 1910.

Flynn, John T. God’s Gold: The Story of Rockefeller and His Times. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1932.

Fogel, Robert W. “The Union Pacific Railroad.” In The Reinterpretation of American Economic History, edited by Robert W. Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman, 417–25. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.

Fogel, Robert William, Enid M. Fogel, Mark Guglielmo, and Nathaniel Grotte. Political Arithmetic: Simon Kuznets and the Empirical Tradition in Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.

Folsom, Burton W., Jr. Empire Builders: How Michigan Entrepreneurs Helped Make America Great. Traverse City, MI: Rhodes and Easton, 1998.

———. The Myth of the Robber Barons: A New Look at the Rise of Big Business in America. Herndon, VA: Young America’s Foundation, 2007.

Folsom, Burton W., Jr., and Anita Folsom. Uncle Sam Can’t Count: A History of Failed Government Investments, from Beaver Pelts to Green Energy. New York: Harper Collins, 2014.

Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.

Forbes, John Douglas. J. P. Morgan, Jr., 1867–1943. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1981.

———. Stettinius, Sr.: Portrait of a Morgan Partner. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1974.

Fordham, Benjamin O. “Revisionism Reconsidered: Exports and American Intervention in World War I.” International Organization 61, no. 2 (Spring 2007): 277–310.

Fosdick, Raymond B. John D. Rockefeller, Jr.: A Portrait. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1956.

Freeman, James, and Vern McKinley. Borrowed Time: Two Centuries of Booms, Busts, and Bailouts at Citi. New York: Harper Collins, 2018.

Frey, Robert L., ed. Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Railroads in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Facts on File, 1988.

———. Introduction to Frey, Encyclopedia, xiii–xxxiii.

———. “Jay Cooke.” In Frey, Encyclopedia, 57–63.

Friedman, Milton, and Anna Jacobson Schwartz. A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963.

———. Monetary Statistics of the United States: Estimates, Sources, Methods. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1970.

“G. Frank Lydston on ‘Spinelessness,’ Etc.” Eclectic Medical Journal 74, no. 4 (April 1914): 192.

Gable, John Allen. The Bull Moose Years: Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Party. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1978.

Gallman, Robert E. “Commodity Output 1839–1899.” In Trends in the American Economy in the 19th Century, by National Bureau of Economic Research, 13–72. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1960.

Garbade, Kenneth D. “The Early Years of the Primary Dealer System.” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports, no. 777 (June 2016).

Garraty, John A. Right-Hand Man: The Life of George W. Perkins. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1960.

Gates, Paul W. “The Homestead Law in an Incongruous Land System.” American Historical Review 44, no.4 (July 1936): 652–81.

Geloso, Vincent, and Raymond J. March. “Rent Seeking for Madness: The Political Economy of Mental Asylums in the United States, 1870–1910.” Public Choice 189, no. 3–4 (December 2021): 375–404.

Gibbons, Herbert Adams. John Wanamaker. Vol. 1. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1926.

Gilchrist, D. T. “Albert Fink and the Pooling System.” Business History Review 34, no. 1 (Spring 1960): 24–49.

Gilligan, Thomas W., William J. Marshall, and Barry R. Weingast. “Regulation and the Theory of Legislative Choice: The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.” Journal of Law and Economics 32, no. 1 (April 1989): 35–61.

Giocoli, Nicola. “No Place for Law and Economics: The Controversy over Railroad Regulation before the Hepburn Act.” Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology 34A (2016): 293–338.

Gische, David M. “The New York City Banks and the Development of the National Banking System, 1860–1870.” American Journal of Legal History 23, no. 1 (January 1979): 21–67.

Glasner, David, ed. Business Cycles and Depressions: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1997.

Going, Charles Buxton. David Wilmot, Free Soiler: A Biography of the Great Advocate of the Wilmot Proviso. New York: Appleton, 1924.

Goldberg, Joseph P., and William T. Moye. The First Hundred Years of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1985.

Goldin, Claudia. “Labor Markets in the Twentieth Century.” In The Twentieth Century, edited by Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman, 549–623. Vol. 3 of The Cambridge Economic History of the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Goldstein, Mark L. Before the Gilded Age: W. W. Corcoran and the Rise of American Capital and Culture. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2023.

Goodwin, Lorine Swainston. The Pure Food, Drink, and Drug Crusaders, 1879–1914. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999.

Gordon, Colin. New Deals: Business, Labor, and Politics in America, 1920–1935. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Gordon, Linda. The Second Coming of the KKK: The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s and the American Political Tradition. New York: Liveright, 2017.

Gordon, Robert J. The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016.

Granitz, Elizabeth, and Benjamin Klein. “Monopolization by ‘Raising Rivals’ Costs’: The Standard Oil Case.” Journal of Law and Economics 39, no. 1 (April 1996): 1–47.

Grant, James. The Forgotten Depression, 1921: The Crash That Cured Itself. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014.

Gras, N. S. B., and Henrietta M. Larson. Casebook in American Business History. New York: Appleton Century Crofts, 1939.

Greever, William S. “Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.” In Frey, Encyclopedia, 15–17.

———. “Cyrus K. Holliday.” In Frey, Encyclopedia, 182–84.

Gresham, Daniel T. “Reshaping the U.S. Cattle Industry: Producers and Packers, 1914–1933.” PhD diss., Kansas State University, 2023.

Griffin, G. Edward. The Creature from Jekyll Island: A Second Look at the Federal Reserve. 4th ed. Westlake Village, CA: American Media: 2002.

Grodinsky, Julius. Transcontinental Railway Strategy, 1869–1893: A Study of Businessmen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1962.

Haeg, Larry. Harriman vs. Hill: Wall Street’s Great Railroad War. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2013.

Hamilton, Northcoate. “American Iron and Steel Association.” In Paskoff, Encyclopedia, 20–23.

Hamilton, Richard F. President McKinley, War and Empire. Vol. 1, President McKinley and the Coming of War, 1898. New York: Routledge, 2017.

Hammond, Bray. Sovereignty and an Empty Purse: Banks and Politics in the Civil War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970.

Hamowy, Ronald. “The Early Development of Medical Licensing Laws in the United States, 1875–1900.” Journal of Libertarian Studies 3, no. 1 (Spring 1979): 73–119.

———. Government and Public Health in America. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2007.

Hanes, Christopher. “Business Cycles.” In Routledge Handbook of Modern Economic History, edited by Robert Whaples and Randall Parker, 116–35. New York: Routledge, 2013.

Harden, Victoria A. Inventing the NIH: Federal Biomedical Research Policy, 1887–1937. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

Harter, Lafayette G., Jr. John R. Commons, His Assault on Laissez-Faire. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 1962.

Hawley, Ellis W. “Herbert Hoover, the Commerce Secretariat, and the Vision of an ‘Associative State,’ 1921–1928.” Journal of American History 61, no. 1 (June 1974): 116–40.

———. “Herbert Hoover and the Sherman Act, 1921–1933: An Early Phase of a Continuing Issue.” Iowa Law Review 74 (July 1989): 1067–1104.

Healy, David. US Expansionism: The Imperialist Urge in the 1890s. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1970.

Heitmann, John A. “Joseph H. Scranton.” In Paskoff, Encyclopedia, 306–07.

Helferich, Gerard. An Unlikely Trust: Theodore Roosevelt, J. P. Morgan, and the Improbable Partnership That Remade American Business. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2018.

Hidy, Ralph W., and Muriel E. Hidy. Pioneering in Big Business: History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), 1882–1911. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1955.

Higgs, Robert. Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute, 2012.

———. “Regulatory Harmonization: A Sweet-Sounding, Dangerous Development.” In Against Leviathan: Government Power and a Free Society, 75–82. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute, 2004.

———. The Transformation of the American Economy, 1865–1914. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1971.

———. “Who Was Edward M. House?” In Delusions of Power: New Explorations of the State, War, and Economy, 115–24. Oakland, CA: Independent Institute, 2012.

———. “The World Wars.” In Government and the American Economy: A New History, edited by Price Fishback, 431–55. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.

Himmelberg, Robert F. “Business, Antitrust Policy, and the Industrial Board of the Department of Commerce, 1919.” Business History Review 42, no. 1 (Spring 1968): 1–23.

———. The Origins of the National Recovery Administration: Business, Government, and the Trade Association Issue, 1921–1933. New York: Fordham University Press, 1976.

Hipp, James W. “Oakes Ames.” In Frey, Encyclopedia, 12–14.

Hirsch, Mark D. William C. Whitney: Modern Warwick. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1969.

Hoffmann, Susan. Politics and Banking: Ideas, Public Policy, and the Creation of Financial Institutions. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.

Holt, Michael F. The Election of 1860: A Campaign Fraught with Consequences. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2017.

Holzweiss, Robert F. “Politics, Profits, and the Public Interest: Government, Railroads, and Interest Groups, 1827–1976.” PhD diss., Texas A&M, 2001.

Homer, Sidney, and Richard Sylla. A History of Interest Rates. 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2005.

Hoogenboom, Ari, and Olive Hoogenboom. A History of the ICC: From Panacea to Palliative. New York: W. W. Norton, 1976.

Hoover, Herbert. The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover. Vol. 2, The Cabinet and the Presidency, 1920–1933. New York: Macmillan, 1951.

Horn, Martin. J. P. Morgan & Co. and the Crisis of Capitalism: From the Wall Street Crash to World War II. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022.

———. “A Private Bank at War: J. P. Morgan & Co. and France, 1914–1918.” Business History Review 74, no. 1 (Spring 2000): 85–112.

Hovey, Carl. The Life Story of J. Pierpont Morgan. New York, 1911.

Hudson, Peter James. Bankers and Empire: How Wall Street Colonized the Caribbean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017.

Hummel, Jeffrey Rogers. Emancipating Slaves, Enslaving Free Men: A History of the American Civil War. Chicago: Open Court, 2002.

Hunter, Gregory S. “Chase/Manhattan Companies.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance to 1913, 106–7.

Hurley, Edward N. Awakening of Business. New York: Doubleday, Page, 1916.

Huston, James L. The Panic of 1857 and the Coming of the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987.

Irwin, Douglas A. Clashing over Commerce: A History of US Trade Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017.

Jacob, Kathryn Allamong. King of the Lobby: The Life and Times of Sam Ward, Man-about-Washington in the Gilded Age. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

James, F. Cyril. The Growth of Chicago Banks. Vol. 1, The Formative Years, 1816–1896. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1938.

Jaremski, Matthew. “State Banks and the National Banking Acts: Measuring the Response to Increased Financial Regulation, 1860–1870.” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 45, no. 2–3 (March– April 2013): 379–99.

Jenks, Jeremiah Whipple. “The Economic Outlook.” Dial 10 (1890): 252–54.

———.“Preliminary Report of the Industrial Commission.” In The Trust Problem, rev. ed., 261–66. New York: McClure, Phillips, 1903.

Jensen, Gordon Maurice. “The National Civic Federation.” PhD diss., Princeton University, 1956.

Jevons, William Stanley. The Coal Question: An Inquiry Concerning the Progress of the Nation, and Probable Exhaustion of Our Coal-mines. London: 1866.

Johnson, Arthur M. “Theodore Roosevelt and the Bureau of Corporations.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 45, no. 4 (March 1959): 571–90.

Johnson, Arthur M., and Barry E. Supple. Boston Capitalists and Western Railroads: A Study in the Nineteenth-Century Railroad Investment Process. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967.

Johnson, C. Donald. The Wealth of a Nation: A History of Trade Politics in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.

Johnson, Ronald N., and Gary D. Libecap, The Federal Civil Service System and the Problem of Bureaucracy: The Economics and Politics of Institutional Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.

Jones, Alan. “Thomas M. Cooley and the Interstate Commerce Commission: Continuity and Change in the Doctrine of Equal Rights.” Political Science Quarterly 81, no. 4 (December 1966): 602–27.

Jones, Stanley L. The Presidential Election of 1896. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1964.

Josephson, Matthew. The Money Lords: The Great Finance Capitalists, 1925–1950. New York: Weybright and Talley, 1972.

———. The Politicos, 1865–1896. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1966.

———. The Robber Barons. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1962.

Katz, Irving. August Belmont: A Political Biography. New York: Columbia University Press, 1968.

Kaufman, Burton I. Efficiency and Expansion: Foreign Trade Organization in the Wilson Administration, 1913–1921. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1974.

Kelley, Robert. The Cultural Pattern in American Politics: The First Century. New York: University Press of America, 1979.

———. The Transatlantic Persuasion: The Liberal-Democratic Mind in the Age of Gladstone. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969.

Kemabonta, Tam. “Condemnation for Transmission: Challenging the Power of Eminent Domain and Natural Monopoly in the Electric Power Sector.” Master’s thesis, Mises Graduate Program, 2024.

Kemmerer, Edwin Walter. High Prices and Deflation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1920.

Kerr, K. Austin. American Railroad Politics, 1914–1920: Rates, Wages, and Efficiency. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1968.

Kessel, Reuben A. “The A.M.A. and the Supply of Physicians.” Law and Contemporary Problems 35 (Spring 1970): 267–83.

———. “Price Discrimination in Medicine.” Journal of Law and Economics 1 (October 1958): 20–53.

Kirby, Alec. “Thomas C. Durant.” In Frey, Encyclopedia, 111–15.

Kirkland, Edward C. Industry Comes of Age: Business, Labor, and Public Policy, 1860–1897. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961.

Kirshner, Jonathan. Appeasing Bankers: Financial Caution on the Road to War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.

Klebaner, Benjamin J. “Nelson W. Aldrich.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance to 1913, 6–9.

———. “Paul M. Warburg.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance, 1913–1989, 437–51.

Klein, Maury. The Life and Legend of E. H. Harriman. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

———. Union Pacific. Vol. 1, 1862–1893. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006.

———. Union Pacific. Vol. 2, 1894–1969. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006.

Kolasky, William. “Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft: Marching toward Armageddon.” Antitrust 25, no. 2 (Spring 2011): 97–104.

Kolko, Gabriel. Main Currents in Modern American History. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984.

———. Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.

———. The Triumph of Conservatism: A Reinterpretation of American History, 1900–1916. New York: Free Press, 1963.

Konig, Michael F. “George F. Baker.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance to 1913, 26–30.

Kreitner, Richard. Break It Up: Secession, Division, and the Secret History of America’s Imperfect Union. New York: Little, Brown, 2020.

Lambert, Jeremiah D., and Geoffrey S. Stewart. The Anointed: New York’s White-Shoe Law Firms. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2021.

Lamont, Edward M. The Ambassador from Wall Street: The Story of Thomas W. Lamont, J. P. Morgan’s Chief Executive. Lanham, MD: Madison Books, 1994.

Lamont, Thomas W. “The Effect of the War on America’s Financial Position.” Annuals of the Academy of Political Science 60 (July 1915): 106–12.

Lamoreaux, Naomi R. The Great Merger Movement in American Business, 1896–1904. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Larson, Henrietta M. Jay Cooke, Private Banker. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936.

Larson, Henrietta M., Evelyn H. Knowlton, and Charles S. Popple. New Horizons: History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) 1927–1950. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.

Larson, John Lauritz. “James Frederick Joy.” In Frey, Encyclopedia, 208–12.

Lavender, David. The Great Persuader: The Biography of Collis P. Huntington. New York: Doubleday, 1970.

Law, Marc T. “How Do Regulators Regulate? Enforcement of the Pure Food and Drugs Act, 1907–38.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 22, no. 2 (October 2006): 459–87.

Lebergott, Stanley. “Changes in Unemployment, 1800–1960.” In The Reinterpretation of American Economic History, edited by Robert W. Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman, 73–83. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.

Lee, Susan Previant, and Peter Passell. A New Economic View of American History. New York: W. W. Norton, 1979.

Leech, Harper, and John Charles Carroll. Armour and His Times. New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1938.

Leonard, Thomas C. Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics, and American Economics in the Progressive Era. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016.

Leslie, Stuart W. “Andrew Carnegie.” In Paskoff, Encyclopedia, 47–71.

Lesy, Michael, and Lisa Stoffer. Repast: Dining Out at the Dawn of the New American Century, 1900–1910. New York: W. W. Norton, 2013.

Letwin, William. Law and Economic Policy in America: The Evolution of the Sherman Antitrust Act. New York: Random House, 1965.

Libecap, Gary D. “The Rise of the Chicago Packers and the Origins of Meat Inspection and Antitrust.” Economic Inquiry 30, no. 2 (April 1992): 242–62.

Lincoln, Abraham. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Edited by Roy Basler. Vol. 3, 1858–1860. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953.

Lindbergh, Charles A. Banking and Currency and the Money Trust. Washington, DC: National Capital Press, 1913.

Link, Arthur S. Wilson: The New Freedom. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1956.

Livingston, James. The Origins of the Federal Reserve System: Money, Class, and Corporate Capitalism, 1890–1913. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986.

Logan, Sheridan A. George F. Baker and His Bank, 1840–1955. Stinehour Press and Meriden Gravure, 1981.

Loth, David. Swope of G.E. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1958.

Lowenstein, Roger. America’s Bank: The Epic Struggle to Create the Federal Reserve. New York: Penguin Press, 2015.

———. Ways and Means: Lincoln and His Cabinet and the Financing of the Civil War. New York: Penguin Press, 2022.

Lubetkin, M. John. Jay Cooke’s Gamble: The Northern Pacific Railroad, the Sioux, and the Panic of 1873. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006.

Lueckenhoff, Sandra K. “A. Lincoln, a Corporate Attorney and the Illinois Central Railroad.” Missouri Law Review 61, no. 2 (Spring 1996): 393–428.

Lundberg, Ferdinand. America’s Sixty Families. New York: Halcyon House, 1939.

Luthin, Reinhard. “Abraham Lincoln and the Tariff.” American Historical Review 49, no.4 (July 1944): 609–29.

MacAvoy, Paul W. The Economic Effects of Regulation: The Trunk-Line Railroad Cartels and the Interstate Commerce Commission before 1900. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1965.

Magness, Phillip W. “Morrill and the Missing Industries: Strategic Lobbying Behavior and the Tariff, 1858–1861.” Journal of the Early Republic 29, no. 2 (Summer 2009): 287–329.

———. “A Paradox of Secessionism: The Political Economy of Slave Enforcement and the Union.” In Public Choice Analyses of American Economic History, edited by Joshua Hall and Marcus Witcher, 1:53–68. Cham, Switz.: Springer, 2018.

———. Review of Lincoln and the Politics of Slavery: The Other Thirteenth Amendment and the Struggle to Save the Union, by Daniel W. Crofts. Reviews in History, no. 2063 (February 2017).

Majewski, John. Modernizing a Slave Economy: The Economic Vision of the Confederate Nation. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009.

Malone, Michael P. The Battle for Butte: Mining and Politics on the Northern Frontier, 1865–1906. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1981.

———. James J. Hill: Empire Builder of the Northwest. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.

Malsberger, John W. “Bethlehem Iron Company.” In Paskoff, Encyclopedia, 33–36.

Markowitz, Gerald E., and David Karl Rosner. “Doctors in Crisis: A Study of the Use of Medical Education Reform to Establish Modern Professional Elitism in Medicine.” American Quarterly 25, no. 1 (March 1973): 83–107.

Martin, Albro. James J. Hill and the Opening of the Northwest. Minneapolis: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1991.

———. Enterprise Denied: Origins of the Decline of American Railroads, 1897–1917.

New York: Columbia University Press, 1971. Martin, E. S. The Life of Joseph Hodges Choate. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920.

Matsuo, Kazuyuki. “Congressional Struggle for the First American Regulatory Agency: The Formation of the Interstate Commerce Commission as a Prelude to Modern America.” Journal of American and Canadian Studies no. 17 (1999): 25–48.

McClure, A. K. Old Time Notes of Pennsylvania. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: John C. Winston, 1906.

McCraw, Thomas K. Prophets of Regulation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.

McCraw, Thomas K., and Forest Reinhardt. “Losing to Win: U.S. Steel’s Pricing, Investment Decisions, and Market Share, 1901–1938.” Journal of Economic History 49, no. 3 (September 1989): 593–619.

McCulley, Richard T. Banks and Politics during the Progressive Era: The Origins of the Federal Reserve System, 1897–1913. New York: Garland, 1992.

McIntosh, Elaine N. American Food Habits in Historical Perspective. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1995.

McNeil, William C. “Seymour Parker Gilbert, Jr.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance, 1913–1989, 144–56.

McQuaid, Kim. “Young, Swope and General Electric’s ‘New Capitalism’: A Study in Corporate Liberalism, 1920–33.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 36, no. 3 (July 1977): 323–34.

Meltzer, Allan. A History of the Federal Reserve. Vol. 1, 1913–1951. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.

Mercer, Lloyd J. “Edward Henry Harriman.” In Frey, Encyclopedia, 155–64.

Merrill, Horace Samuel. Bourbon Leader: Grover Cleveland and the Democratic Party. Boston: Little, Brown, 1957.

Merrill, Horace Samuel, and Marion Galbraith Merrill. The Republican Command, 1897–1913. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1971.

Meyer, Balthasar. “Government Regulation of Railway Rates.” Publications of the American Economic Association 7, no.1 (February 1906): 69–83.

Meyer, David R. The Roots of American Industrialization. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.

Mink, Gwendolyn. Old Labor and New Immigrants in American Political Development: Union, Party, and State, 1875–1920. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986.

Mitchell, Lucy Sprague. Two Lives: The Story of Wesley Clair Mitchell and Myself. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953.

Mitchell, Robert B. Congress and the King of Frauds: Corruption and the Credit Mobilier Scandal at the Dawn of the Gilded Age. Roseville, MN: Edinborough Press, 2019.

Mitenbuler, Reid. Bourbon Empire: The Past and Future of America’s Whiskey. New York: Penguin Books, 2015.

Montgomery, Robert. “Corporation Tax Returns.” Journal of Accountancy 15, no.2 (February 1913): 134–39.

Moore, Thomas Lane, III. “The Establishment of a ‘New Freedom’ Policy: The Federal Trade Commission, 1912–1918.” PhD diss., University of Alabama, 1980.

Morgan, H. Wayne. William McKinley and His America. Rev. ed. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2003.

Morris, Charles R. The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy. New York: Henry Holt, 2005.

Morris, Edmund. Theodore Rex. New York: Random House, 2001.

Mott, T. Bentley. Myron Herrick—Friend of France. New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1929.

Mullin, Wallace P. “Railroad Revisionists Revisited: Stock Market Evidence from the Progressive Era.” Journal of Regulatory Economics 17, no. 1 (February 2000): 25–47.

Murnane, M. Susan. “Selling Scientific Taxation: The Treasury Department’s Campaign for Tax Reform in the 1920s.” Law and Social Inquiry 29, no. 4 (Autumn 2004): 819–56.

Murray, Lawrence L. “Bureaucracy and Bi-partisanship in Taxation: The Mellon Plan Revisited.” Business History Review 52, no. 2 (Summer 1978): 200–25.

Myers, Margaret G. The New York Money Market. Vol. 1, Origins and Development. New York: Columbia University Press, 1931.

Naclerio, Richard A. The Federal Reserve and Its Founders: Money, Politics, and Power. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Agenda, 2018.

Neilson, James W. Shelby M. Cullom: Prairie State Republican. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1962.

Nelson, Scott Reynolds. A Nation of Deadbeats: An Uncommon History of America’s Financial Disasters. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012.

Nevins, Allan. Grover Cleveland, a Study in Courage. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1964.

Newman, Patrick. Cronyism: Liberty versus Power in Early America, 1607–1849. Auburn, AL: Mises Institute, 2021.

———. “Defending the Austrian Interpretation of the 1920–21 Depression: Reply to Borazan.” Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 26, no. 4 (Winter 2023): 325–30.

———. “The Depression of 1873–1879: An Austrian Perspective.” Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 17, no. 4 (Winter 2014): 474–509.

———. “The Depression of 1920–1921: A Credit Induced Boom and a Market Based Recovery?” Review of Austrian Economics 29, no. 4 (December 2016): 387–414.

———. “Expansionary Monetary Policy at the Federal Reserve in the 1920s.” Advances in Austrian Economics 20 (2016): 105–34.

———. “The Origins of the National Banking System: The Chase-Cooke Connection and the New York City Banks.” Independent Review 22, no. 3 (Winter 2018): 383–401.

———. “Personnel Is Policy: Regulatory Capture at the Federal Trade Commission, 1914–1929.” Journal of Institutional Economics 15, no. 6 (December 2019): 1037–53.

———. “Playing the Defense: The Beef Trust, Cronyism, and the 1891 and 1906 Meat Inspection Acts.” Independent Review 29, no. 1 (Summer 2024): 31–54.

———. “Revenge: John Sherman, Russell Alger and the Origins of the Sherman Act.” Public Choice 174, no. 3 (March 2018): 257–75.

———. “Taking Government Out of Politics: Murray Rothbard on Political and Local Reform during the Progressive Era.” Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 22, no. 1 (Spring 2019): 49–67.

Noble, David F. America by Design: Science, Technology, and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.

Notz, William F., and Richard S. Harvey. American Foreign Trade: As Promoted by the Webb-Pomerene and Edge Acts. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1921.

Nugent, Walter. Habits of Empire: A History of American Expansion. New York: Vintage Books, 2008.

Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson. Jay Cooke: Financier of the Civil War. 2 vols. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs, 1907.

O’Brien, Anthony Patrick. “The ICC, Freight Rates, and the Great Depression.” Explorations in Economic History 26, no. 1 (January 1989): 73–98.

———. “Were Money Wages Always Rigid? A Look at the Reliability of Survey Evidence on Changes in Wage Rates.” Industrial Relations 39, no. 1 (January 2000): 48–61.

Oller, John. American Queen: The Rise and Fall of Kate Chase Sprague—Civil War “Belle of the North” and Gilded Age Woman of Scandal. Philadelphia: Da Capo Press, 2014.

Olmstead, Alan L., and Paul W. Rhode. Arresting Contagion: Science, Policy, and Conflicts over Animal Disease Control. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015.

Osler, William. “Sir William Osler: On Full-time Clinical Teaching in Medical Schools.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 87 (October 6, 1962): 762–65.

Ozanne, Robert. A Century of Labor-Management Relations at McCormick and International Harvester. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1967.

Page, William H. “The Gary Dinners and the Meaning of Concerted Action.” SMU Law Review 62 (Spring 2009): 597–620.

Palen, Marc-William. The “Conspiracy” of Free Trade: The Anglo-American Struggle over Empire and Economic Globalization, 1846– 1896. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.

Palmer, R. R., and Joel Colton. A History of the Modern World. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.

Palyi, Melchior. The Twilight of Gold, 1914–1936: Myths and Realities. Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1972.

Parker, George F. Recollections of Grover Cleveland. New York: Century, 1909.

Parrington, Vernon Louis. Main Currents in American Thought: An Interpretation of American Literature from the Beginnings to 1920. Vol. 3, The Beginnings of Critical Realism in America, 1860–1920. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1927.

Parrini, Carl P. Heir to Empire: United States Economic Diplomacy, 1916–1923. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1969.

Parrini, Carl P., and Martin J. Sklar. “New Thinking about the Market, 1896–1904: Some American Economists on Investment and the Theory of Surplus Capital.” Journal of Economic History 43, no. 3 (September 1983): 559–78.

Paskoff, Paul A., ed. Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: The Iron and Steel Industry in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Facts on File, 1989.

Paul, Ron, and Lewis Lehrman. The Case for Gold: A Minority Report of the U.S. Gold Commission. Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 1982.

Peart, Daniel. Lobbyists and the Making of US Tariff Policy, 1816–1861. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018.

Peng, Linan. “The Political Economy of the Anti-Chinese Movement in California in the Nineteenth Century.” Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy 5, no. 1 (March 2022): 13–24.

Perkins, George W. Papers. Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.

Phillips Sawyer, Laura. American Fair Trade: Proprietary Capitalism, Corporatism, and the “New Competition,” 1890–1940. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018.

Porter, Kirk, and Donald Johnson. National Party Platforms: 1840–1960. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1961.

Porter, Robert H. “A Study of Cartel Stability: The Joint Executive Committee, 1880–1886.” Bell Journal of Economics 14, no. 2 (Autumn 1983): 301–14.

Powell, Jim. Bully Boy: The Truth about Theodore Roosevelt’s Legacy. New York: Crown Forum, 2006.

———. Greatest Emancipations: How the West Abolished Slavery. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Previts, Gary John, and Barbara Dubvis Merino. A History of Accountancy in the United States: The Cultural Significance of Accounting. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1998.

Prins, Nomi. All the Presidents’ Bankers: The Hidden Alliances That Drive American Power. New York: Nation Books, 2014.

Proceedings of the National Conference on Trusts and Combinations. New York: National Civic Federation, 1908.

Purcell, Edward A., Jr. “Ideas and Interests: Businessmen and the Interstate Commerce Act.” Journal of American History 54, no. 3 (December 1967): 561–78.

Rayner, Richard. The Associates: Four Capitalists Who Created California. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008.

Redlich, Fritz. The Molding of American Banking: Men and Ideas. Vol. 2. New York: Johnson Reprint, 1968.

Rees, Jonathan. The Chemistry of Fear: Harvey Wiley’s Fight for Pure Food. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021.

Reich, Leonard S. “Lighting the Path to Profit: GE’s Control of the Electric Lamp Industry, 1892–1941.” Business History Review 66, no. 2 (Summer 1992): 305–34.

Reitano, Joanne. The Tariff Question in the Gilded Age: The Great Debate of 1888. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994.

Remini, Robert. Andrew Jackson. Vol. 2, The Course of American Freedom, 1822–1832. New York: History Book Club, 1998.

Richardson, Heather Cox. The Greatest Nation on Earth: Republican Economic Policies during the Civil War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Richman, Sheldon. “The Anti-war Abolitionists: The Peace Movement’s Split over the Civil War.” Journal of Libertarian Studies 5, no. 3 (Summer 1981): 327–40.

Rishel, Joseph F. “Jay Cooke.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance to 1913, 135–43.

Rist, Charles. “Notice biographique.” Revue d’économie politique 65, no. 6 (November–December 1955): 977–1045.

Ritter, Gretchen. Goldbugs and Greenbacks: The Antimonopoly Tradition and the Politics of Finance in America, 1865–1896. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Roberts, Alfred Robert. “Montgomery on the Income Tax.” Accounting Historians Notebook 16, no. 2 (Fall 1993): 11–13.

Roberts, Priscilla. “Benjamin Strong, the Federal Reserve, and the Limits to Interwar American Nationalism Part I: Intellectual Profile of a Central Banker.” Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly 86, no. 2 (Spring 2000): 61–76.

———. “Benjamin Strong, the Federal Reserve, and the Limits to Interwar American Nationalism Part II: Strong and the Federal Reserve System in the 1920s.” Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly 86, no. 2 (Spring 2000): 77–98.

———. “The First World War as Catalyst and Epiphany: The Case of Henry P. Davison.” Diplomacy and Statecraft 18, no. 2 (2007): 315–50.

———. “‘Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes?’: The Federal Reserve System’s Founding Fathers and Allied Finances in the First World War.” Business History Review 72, no. 4 (Winter 1998): 585–620.

———. “Willard D. Straight and the Diplomacy of International Finance during the First World War.” Business History 40, no. 3 (July 1998): 16–47.

Robertson, Ross M. “St. Louis: Central Reserve City, 1887–1922.” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Review 36, no. 8 (August 1954): 85–92.

Robyn, Dorothy. Braking the Special Interests: Trucking Deregulation and the Politics of Policy Reform. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

Roosevelt, Theodore. “Message Communicated to the Two Houses of Congress,” December 3, 1901. In Addresses and Presidential Messages of Theodore Roosevelt, 1902–1904, 285–345. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907.

———. “Message Communicated to the Two Houses of Congress,” December 2, 1902. In Addresses and Presidential Messages of Theodore Roosevelt, 1902–1904, 346–76. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907.

Rose, Mark H., Bruce E. Seely, and Paul F. Barrett. The Best Transportation System in the World: Railroads, Trucks, Airlines, and American Public Policy in the Twentieth Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.

Rosenberg, Emily S. Financial Missionaries to the World: The Politics and Culture of Dollar Diplomacy, 1900–1930. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003.

———. “Foundations of United States International Financial Power: Gold Standard Diplomacy, 1900–1905.” Business History Review 59, no. 2 (Summer 1985): 169–202.

Rothbard, Murray N. America’s Great Depression. 5th ed. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2008.

———. An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought. Vol. 2, Classical Economics. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2006.

———. “Beginning the Welfare State: Civil War Veterans’ Pensions.” Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 22, no. 1 (Spring 2019): 68–81.

———. “Bureaucracy and the Civil Service in the United States.” Journal of Libertarian Studies 11, no. 2 (Summer 1995): 3–75.

———. The Case against the Fed. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 1994.

———. Conceived in Liberty. Vols. 1–4. Auburn, AL: Mises Institute, 2019.

———. Conceived in Liberty. Vol. 5, The New Republic, 1784–1791, edited by Patrick Newman. Auburn, AL: Mises Institute, 2019.

———. “The Federal Reserve as a Cartelization Device: The Early Years, 1913–1930.” In Rothbard, Progressive, 463–512.

———. For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto. 2nd ed. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2006.

———. “From Hoover to Roosevelt: The Federal Reserve and the Financial Elites.” In Rothbard, History, 263–347.

———. “The Gold-Exchange Standard in the Interwar Years.” In Rothbard, History, 351–433.

———. “Herbert Hoover and the Myth of Laissez-Faire.” In Rothbard, Progressive, 513–39.

———. A History of Money and Banking in the United States: The Colonial Era to World War II. Edited by Joseph T. Salerno. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2005.

———. “A History of Money and Banking in the United States before the Twentieth Century.” In Rothbard, History, 47–179.

———. Man, Economy, and State with Power and Market. 2nd scholar’s ed. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2009.

———. The Mystery of Banking. 2nd ed. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2008.

———. “The Origins of the Federal Reserve.” In Rothbard, History, 183–259.

———. “Origins of the Welfare State in America.” In Rothbard, Progressive, 321–60.

———. Power and Market: Government and the Economy. 4th ed. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2006.

———. The Progressive Era. Edited by Patrick Newman. Auburn, AL: Mises Institute, 2017.

———. “Report on George B. DeHuszar and Thomas Hulbert Stevenson, A History of the American Republic, 2 vols.” In Strictly Confidential: The Private Volker Fund Memos of Murray N. Rothbard, edited by David Gordon. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2010.

———. “War Collectivism in World War I.” In Rothbard, Progressive, 361–96.

———. “World War I as Fulfillment: Power and the Intellectuals.” In Rothbard, Progressive, 397–461.

Rothman, David J. Politics and Power: The United States Senate, 1869–1901. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1966.

Roy, William G. “The Politics of Bureaucratization and the U.S. Bureau of Corporations.” Journal of Political and Military Sociology 10, no. 2 (Fall 1982): 183–99.

Russell, Francis. The President Makers: From Mark Hanna to Joseph P. Kennedy. Boston: Little, Brown, 1976.

Sakolski, Aaron M. The Great American Land Bubble: The Amazing Story of Land-Grabbing, Speculations, and Booms from Colonial Days to the Present Time. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1932.

Salerno, Joseph T. “Money and Gold in the 1920s and 1930s: An Austrian View.” In Money: Sound and Unsound, 421–39. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2010.

Sanders, Elizabeth. Roots of Reform: Farmers, Workers, and the American State, 1877–1917. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Sass, Steven A. “An Uneasy Relationship: The Business Community and Academic Economists at the University of Pennsylvania.” In Economists and Higher Learning in the Nineteenth Century, edited by William J. Barber, 225–40. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1993.

Schakenbach Regele, Lindsay. Manufacturing Advantage: War, the State, and the Origins of American Industry, 1776–1848. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2019.

Schneider, Franz, Jr. “Federal Reserve Policy: Its International Implications.” Foreign Affairs 7, no. 4 (July 1929): 543–55.

Schroeder, John H. Shaping a Maritime Empire: The Commercial and Diplomatic Role of the American Navy, 1829–1861. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985.

Schuker, Stephen A. “Owen D. Young.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance, 1913–1989, 482–92.

Schulzinger, Robert D. The Wise Men of Foreign Affairs: The History of the Council on Foreign Relations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984.

Schumpeter, Joseph Alois. Business Cycles: A Theoretical, Historical, and Statistical Analysis of the Capitalist Process. Vol. 2. London: McGraw-Hill, 1939.

Schwartz, Anna Jacobson. “Benjamin Strong.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance, 1913–1989, 401–18.

Schwarz, Jordan A. The Speculator: Bernard M. Baruch in Washington, 1917–1965. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1981.

Schweikart, Larry. “Carnegie Steel.” In Paskoff, Encyclopedia, 74–78.

———, ed. Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance, 1913–1989. New York: Facts on File, 1990.

———, ed. Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance to 1913. New York: Facts on File, 1990.

———. “John Warne Gates.” In Paskoff, Encyclopedia, 146–47.

———. “Frank Arthur Vanderlip.” In Schweikart, Encyclopedia of American Business History and Biography: Banking and Finance to 1913, 471–83.

Scott, Peter, and Anna Spadavecchia. “Patents, Industry Control, and the Rise of the Giant American Corporation.” Research Policy 52, no. 1 (January 2023): 1–10.

Sears, Marian V. “The American Businessman at the Turn of the Century.” Business History Review 30, no.4 (December 1956): 382–43.

Seidel, Robert N. “Reformers Abroad: The Kemmerer Missions in South America, 1923–1931.” Journal of Economic History 32, no. 2 (June 1972): 520–45.

Selgin, George. “New York’s Bank: The National Monetary Commission and the Founding of the Fed.” Cato Policy Analysis no. 793 (June 2016): 1–40.

———. “New York’s Bank: The National Monetary Commission and the Founding of the Fed.” In Money: Free and Unfree, 123–74. Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 2017.

Selgin, George, and Lawrence H. White. “Monetary Reform and the Redemption of National Bank Notes, 1863–1913.” In George Selgin, Money: Free and Unfree, 90–122. Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 2017.

Seligman, Edwin. “Economics and Social Progress.” Publications of the American Economic Association, 3rd Series, 4 (February 1903): 52–70.

———. “Introduction: The Crisis of 1907 in the Light of History,” in The Currency Problem and the Present Financial Situation: A Series of Addresses Delivered at Columbia University, 1907–1908, vii–xxvii. New York: Columbia University Press, 1968.

———. “Tax Reduction and Tax Exemption.” North American Review 29 (1924): 433–48.

Seligman, Joel. The Transformation of Wall Street: A History of the Securities and Exchange Commission and Modern Corporate Finance. 3rd ed. New York: Aspen, 2003.

Sevitch, Benjamin. “Elbert H. Gary: Spokesman for Steel.” PhD diss., Indiana University, 1972.

Shade, William G. Banks or No Banks: The Money Issue in Western Politics, 1832–1865. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1972.

Shaffer, Butler. In Restraint of Trade: The Business Campaign against Competition, 1918–1938. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 1997.

Sharkey, Robert P. Money, Class, and Party: An Economic Study of Civil War and Reconstruction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1959.

Shaw, Christopher W. “‘We Must Deflate’: The Crime of 1920 Revisited.” Enterprise and Society 17, no. 3 (September 2016): 618–50.

Shaw, William Howard. The Value of Commodity Output since 1869. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1947.

Shergold, Peter R. “Wage Rates in Pittsburgh during the Depression of 1908.” Journal of American Studies 9, no. 2 (August 1975): 163–88.

Shoup, Laurence H., and William Minter. Imperial Brain Trust: The Council on Foreign Relations and United States Foreign Policy. New York: Authors Choice Press, 2004.

Shugerman, Jed Handelsman. “The Dependent Origins of Independent Agencies: The Interstate Commerce Commission, the Tenure of Office Act, and the Rise of Modern Campaign Finance.” Journal of Law and Politics 31, no. 139 (Fall 2015): 139–86.

Silva, Edward T., and Sheila A. Slaughter. Serving Power: The Making of the Academic Social Science Expert. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984.

Silver, David R. “President’s Address.” Ohio State Medical Journal 5 (June 15, 1909): 341–46.

Simon, Miguel Cantillo. “The Rise and Fall of Bank Control in the United States: 1890–1939.” American Economic Review 88, no. 5 (December 1998): 1077–93.

Sklar, Kathryn Kish. “Hull House in the 1890s: A Community of Women Reformers.” Signs 10, no. 4 (Summer 1985): 658–77.

Sklar, Martin J. The Corporate Reconstruction of American Capitalism, 1890–1916: The Market, the Law, and Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Smiley, Gene. “A Note on New Estimates of the Distribution of Income in the 1920s.” Journal of Economic History 60, no. 4 (December 2000): 1120–28.

Smiley, Gene, and Richard H. Keehn. “Federal Personal Income Tax Policy in the 1920s.” Journal of Economic History 55, no. 2 (June 1995): 285–303.

Smith, Daniel J., and Macy Scheck. “Examining the Public Interest Rationale for Regulating Whiskey with the Pure Food and Drugs Act.” Public Choice 196, no. 1–2. July 2023: 85–112.

Smith, George Winston. Henry C. Carey and American Sectional Conflict. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1951.

Snoddy, Don. “Union Pacific Railroad.” In Frey, Encyclopedia, 394–97.

Sorkin, Alan L. “Depression of 1882–1885.” In Glasner, Business, 149–51.

Spencer, Austin H. “Relative Downward Industrial Price Flexibility, 1870–1921.” Explorations in Economic History 14, no. 1 (January 1977): 1–19.

Spero, Sterling D., and Abram L. Harris. The Black Worker. New York: Columbia University Press, 1931.

Starr, Paul. The Social Transformation of American Medicine. 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books, 2017.

Stover, John F. American Railroads, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

———. “Daniel Willard.” In Bryant Jr., Encyclopedia, 478–87.

———. “Illinois Central Railroad.” In Frey, Encyclopedia, 193–95.

Stromberg, Joseph R. “William McKinley: Architect of the American Empire.” In Reassessing the Presidency: The Rise of the Executive State and the Decline of Freedom, edited by John V. Denson, 319–39. Auburn, AL: Mises Institute, 2001.

Strouse, Jean. Morgan: American Financier. New York: Harper Perennial, 2000.

Summers, Mark Wahlgren. The Era of Good Stealings. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

———. The Plundering Generation: Corruption and the Crisis of the Union, 1849–1861. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

———. Railroads, Reconstruction, and the Gospel of Prosperity: Aid under the Radical Republicans, 1865–1877. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.

Sutch, Richard, and Susan B. Carter, eds. Historical Statistics of the United States. Vol. 1, Population. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

———. Historical Statistics of the United States. Vol. 2, Work and Welfare. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

———. Historical Statistics of the United States. Vol. 3, Economic Structure and Performance. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

———. Historical Statistics of the United States. Vol. 4, Economic Sectors. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

———. Historical Statistics of the United States. Vol. 5, Governance and International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Swibold, Dennis L. Copper Chorus: Mining, Politics, and the Montana Press, 1889–1959. Helena: Montana Historical Society Press, 2006.

Tabarrok, Alexander. “The Separation of Commercial and Investment Banking: The Morgans vs. the Rockefellers.” Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics 1, no. 1 (March 1998): 1–18.

Taeusch, Carl F. Policy and Ethics in Business. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1931.

Taft, Philip. Organized Labor in American History. New York: Harper and Row, 1964.

Taillon, Paul Michel. Good, Reliable, White Men: Railroad Brotherhoods, 1877–1917. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2009.

Tansill, Charles. America Goes to War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1938.

Tarbell, Ida. The Life of Elbert Gary: A Story of Steel. New York: D. Appleton, 1925.

Tauber, A. I. “The Two Faces of Medical Education: Flexner and Osler Revisited.” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 85 (October 1992): 598–602.

Taylor, Jason, and George Selgin. “By Our Bootstraps: Origins and Effects of the High-Wage Doctrine and the Minimum Wage.” Journal of Labor Research 20, no. 4 (Fall 1999): 447–62.

Taylor, Mark Zachary. “Benjamin Harrison and the Seeds of Economic Crisis, 1889–1893.” Critical Review 33, no. 1 (2021): 102–27.

Temin, Peter. Iron and Steel in Nineteenth-Century America: An Economic Inquiry. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1964.

———. Taking Your Medicine: Drug Regulation in the United States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980.

Thayer, George. Who Shakes the Money Tree? American Campaign Finance Practices from 1789 to the Present. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973.

Thompson, Margaret Susan. The “Spider Web”: Congress and Lobbying in the Age of Grant. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985.

Thornton, Mark. The Skyscraper Curse: And How Austrian Economists Predicted Every Major Economic Crisis of the Last Century. Auburn, AL: Mises Institute, 2018.

Thornton, Mark, and Robert B. Ekelund Jr. Tariffs, Blockades, and Inflation: The Economics of the Civil War. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 2004.

Tiffany, Paul. “Opportunity Denied: The Abortive Attempt to Internationalize the American Steel Industry, 1903–1929.” Business and Economic History 16 (1987): 229–47.

Timberlake, Richard H. Monetary Policy in the United States: An Intellectual and Institutional History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

———. “The Panic of 1893.” In Glasner, Business, 516–18. Trescott, Paul B. Financing American Enterprise: The Story of Commercial Banking. New York: Harper and Row, 1963.

Troesken, Werner. “Did the Trusts Want a Federal Antitrust Law? An Event Study of State Antitrust Enforcement and Passage of the Sherman Act.” In Public Choice Interpretations of American Economic History, edited by Jac C. Heckelman, John C. Moorhouse, and Robert M. Whaples, 77–104. New York: Springer, 1999.

———. “The Letters of John Sherman and the Origins of Antitrust.” Review of Austrian Economics 15, no. 4 (December 2002): 275–95.

Twenty-Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of Animal Industry, for the Year 1907. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1909.

Unger, Irwin. The Greenback Era: A Social and Political History of American Finance, 1865–1879. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1964.

Urofsky, Melvin I. Big Steel and the Wilson Administration: A Study in Business-Government Relations. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1969.

US Federal Trade Commission, Annual Report. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1927.

US House of Representatives. Hearings before the Committee on Agriculture. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1906.

———. Hearings before the Committee on Investigation of United States Steel Corporation. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1911.

US Industrial Commission. Preliminary Report on Trusts and Industrial Combinations. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900.

US Senate. Hearings before the Committee on Interstate Commerce. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1912.

———. Hearings before the Special Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1937.

———. “Special List of ‘One Hundred.’” In Government Control of Meat Packing Industry, 151. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1918.

Vague, Richard. A Brief History of Doom: Two Hundred Years of Financial Crises. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019.

Vanderlip, Frank. “The Modern Bank.” In Currency, 1–18.

Vedder, Richard K., and Lowell E. Gallaway. Out of Work: Unemployment and Government in Twentieth-Century America. New York: New York University Press, 1997.

Vietor, Richard H. K. “Businessmen and the Political Economy: The Railroad Rate Controversy of 1905.” Journal of American History 64, no. 1 (June 1977): 47–66.

Wade, Louise Carroll. Chicago’s Pride: The Stockyards, Packingtown, and Environs in the Nineteenth Century. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1987.

Wallis, John Joseph. “Constitutions, Corporations, and Corruption: American States and Constitutional Change, 1842 to 1852.” Journal of Economic History 65, no. 1 (March 2005): 211–56.

Warburg, Paul M. “The American and European Banking Methods and Bank Legislation Compared.” In Currency, 119–52.

———.“The Discount System in Europe.” In Warburg, Federal Reserve System, 2: 183–213.

———. The Federal Reserve System: Its Origin and Growth. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1930.

———. “First Drafts of the Glass Bill.” In Warburg, Federal Reserve System, 1:81–104.

———. “Looking Forward.” In Warburg, Federal Reserve System, 1:456–87.

Watkins, Leonard L. Bankers’ Balances: A Study of the Effects of the Federal Reserve System on Banking Relationships. Chicago: A. W. Shaw, 1929.

Weber, Jennifer L. Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln’s Opponents in the North. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Weinstein, Allen. Prelude to Populism: Origins of the Silver Issue, 1867–1878. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1970.

Weinstein, James. The Corporate Ideal in the Liberal State, 1900–1918. Boston: Beacon Press, 1968.

Welch, Richard E., Jr. The Presidencies of Grover Cleveland. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988.

West, Robert Craig. Banking Reform and the Federal Reserve, 1863–1923. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1977.

Wheeler, Harry A. “The National Citizens’ League: A Movement for a Sound Banking System.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 99 (January 1922): 26–29.

White, Eugene Nelson. The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System, 1900–1929. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983.

———. “To Establish a More Effective Supervision of Banking: How the Birth of the Fed Altered Bank Supervision.” In The Origins, History, and Future of the Federal Reserve, edited by Michael Bordo and William Roberds, 7–54. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

White, Lawrence H. “Free Banking in History and Theory.” In Renewing the Search for a Monetary Constitution, edited by Lawrence H. White, Viktor Vanberg, and Ekkehard A. Kohler, 187–211. Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 2015.

White, Richard. Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America. New York: W. W. Norton, 2011.

White, W. Thomas. “A Gilded Age Businessman in Politics: James J. Hill, the Northwest, and the American Presidency, 1884–1912.” Pacific Historical Review 57, no. 4 (November 1988): 439–56.

Wicker, Elmus. The Great Debate on Banking Reform: Nelson Aldrich and the Origins of the Fed. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2005.

Wiebe, Robert H. Businessmen and Reform: A Study of the Progressive Movement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962.

———. “The House of Morgan and the Executive, 1905–1913.” American Historical Review 65, no. 1 (October 1959): 49–60.

———. The Search for Order, 1877–1920. New York: Hill and Wang, 1967.

Wilentz, Sean. The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005.

Wiley, Harvey W. “Sorghum; Its Success and Value.” In Thirty-Second Annual Report of the Indiana State Board of Agriculture, 169–78. Indianapolis, IN, 1883.

Wilkins, Mira. The Emergence of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad from the Colonial Era to 1914. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970.

———. The Maturing of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad from 1914 to 1970. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974.

Williams, Charles Richard, ed. Diary and Letters of Rutherford Birchard Hayes, vol. 3, 1865–1881. Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1924.

Williams, R. Hal. Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan, and the Remarkable Election of 1896. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2010.

Williams, Walter E. South Africa’s War against Capitalism. New York: Praeger, 1989.

Williamson, Harold F., Ralph L. Andreano, Arnold R. Daum, and Gilbert C. Klose. The American Petroleum Industry: The Age of Energy, 1899–1959. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1963.

Wilson, Charles Morrow. The Commoner: William Jennings Bryan. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970.

Wilson, Joan Hoff. Herbert Hoover: Forgotten Progressive. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 1992.

Wilson, Woodrow. A History of the American People. Vol. 7, Critical Changes and Civil War. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1906.

Winerman, Marc. “The Origins of the FTC: Concentration, Cooperation, Control, and Competition.” Antitrust Law Journal 71, no. 1 (2003): 1–97.

Winerman, Marc, and William E. Kovacic. “Outpost Years for a Start-up Agency: The FTC from 1921–1925.” Antitrust Law Journal 77, no. 1 (2010): 145–203.

Wolinsky, Howard, and Tom Brune. The Serpent on the Staff: The Unhealthy Politics of the American Medical Association. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1994.

Wolman, Leo. The Growth of American Trade Unions, 1880–1923. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1924.

Woodward, C. Vann. Reunion and Reaction: The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Wooster, Martin. Great Philanthropic Mistakes. 2nd ed. New York: Hudson Institute, 2010.

Wright, Chester Whitney. Wool Growing and the Tariff: A Study in the Economic History of the United States. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910.

Wueschner, Silvano A. Charting Twentieth-Century Monetary Policy: Herbert Hoover and Benjamin Strong, 1917–1927. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.

Yeager, Mary. Competition and Regulation: The Development of Oligopoly in the Meat Packing Industry. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press Inc., 1981.

Yergin, Daniel. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.

Young, James Harvey. “Food and Drug Enforcers in the 1920s: Restraining and Educating Business.” Business and Economic History 21 (1992): 119–28.

———. Pure Food: Securing the Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.

———. The Toadstool Millionaires: A Social History of Patent Medicines in America before Federal Regulation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1961.

Zerbe, Richard. “The American Sugar Refinery Company, 1887–1914: The Story of a Monopoly.” Journal of Law and Economics 12, no. 2 (October 1969): 339–75.

Zieger, Robert H. “Herbert Hoover, the Wage-Earner, and the ‘New Economic System,’ 1919–1929.” In Herbert Hoover as Secretary of Commerce, edited by Ellis W. Hawley. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1981, 80–114.

———. Republicans and Labor, 1919–1929. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1969.