Copyright Page
© 1969 BY
ELISABETH L. TAMEDLY
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 69-11702
Printed and bound in the United States of America by
The CAXTON PRINTERS, Ltd.
CaldwelL Idaho 83605
110400
Dedication
To my mother and O.R.
Foreword
THE CREATION OF AN efficient institutional framework for regulating international economic relations is one of the fundamental concerns of economists. Theorists and practitioners recognize that international trade has been one of the major sources of economic well-being; they know that no state can renounce such a wealth-generating activity. Yet, the increase of obstacles to the interchange of goods and services between nations since 1914 has led to what is generally termed economic disintegration.
Part I. Socialist Theories and Their Implications For An International Economic Order
Introduction
SOCIALISTS HAVE CONCLUDED that something is fundamentally wrong with the “society” in which they live.1 Consequently, they feel compelled to change it.
Chapter I. Ideal Commonwealths
INTRODUCTION
HOW IS THE SOCIALIST world order to be accomplished? Most reformers know it cannot be established in one stroke. They are also aware of the two main obstacles to its realization: individual selfishness, and the traditional institutions and customs which are embodied in the existing State. This new world order must therefore be implemented outside the spheres which are dominated by these two factors, at some distant place beyond the oceans.
Chapter II. The Pre-Marxian Socialists
THE SOCIOLOGICAL ROOTS OF AN EMERGING ANTI-CAPITALISTIC THEORY
THE PROFOUND SOCIAL and economic changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution decisively influenced socialist thought. The body of socialist doctrine advanced during the early nineteenth century had a twofold aspect: (1) continued utopistic speculation and (2) a sharp theoretical criticism of existing conditions.
Chapter III. Karl Marx and his Followers: Their Critique of the Capitalist Mode of Production
INTRODUCTION
Karl Marx, driven to investigate contemporary social problems by his powerful intellect and by an ardent desire to change the world, never quite succeeded in shaking off the influence of Hegel under whom he had studied in Berlin. For the last time in the history of human thought, Hegel had attempted to explain the universe and man’s relation to it by one single system.
Chapter IV. Organization Instead of Laissez-Faire; Interwar Programs for a Socialist World Order
What shape is the socialist world economy to assume? We have seen that Marx and his followers were primarily concerned with depicting capitalist society in its historical development; very rare and short are the passages in Capital that refer to the guiding principles of the system which is to replace the existing one.
Chapter V. The Collectivist State-The Transitional Stage from Capitalism to World Planning
MARXISM AND THE NATIONAL STATE
The man who had summoned the proletarians of the world to unite never allowed himself to speculate along the lines described in Chapter IV. He bitterly attacked Bakunin’s anti-State view of the future international order, even though both subscribed to the doctrine defining the State as the institutionalized form of oppression. Yet, for Marx, the latter was also a necessary historical category.
