WHILE the citations and comments offered here are presented by way of notes, they really are intended to serve as supplementary readings, arranged according to the various chapter headings of the text itself. They further illustrate and complement the author’s viewpoint, or exemplify the trends of opposing schools of thought. Gratitude is herewith expressed to the several publishers who have so kindly granted their permissions for quotations from their publications.

I

IDENTITY VERSUS DIVERSITY

This tallies with a curious confession based upon the confusion of liberalism and democracy. Denis de Rougemont and Charlotte Muret in their book The Heart of Europe (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1941) write on p. 114: “It must be admitted that if Switzerland is a land of liberty it is also a land of intolerance towards the best and the worst — the head and the tail of the class. Perhaps democratic liberty must be paid for at this price.”

I

MONARCHY

“Among the most primitive races tribal authority is exercised almost universally in the democratic form of general council, while governments representing the monarchical principle are almost entirely absent among peoples usually relegated to the lowest group. We regard this as a very remarkable fact concerning primitive social organization, and it has in most cases only been mentioned in passing in theoretical literature.”

I

THE GERMAN SCENE

I

COMMUNISM

This is not a pedigree in the ordinary sense of the word, but rather a tabulation of different cultural and political items which influenced the European and American life during the past 100 years. The older, traditional values have been purposely excluded and the reader is invited to make a parallel tabulation with the opposite terms (supranationalism for nationalism, dualism for monism, etc.). There are naturally a series of items which do not have a term of contrary meaning.

Elections July 31, 1932, by “Kreise.” (National Socialist votes.)

Catholics in Eastern Prussia (census of 1933).