The Panic of 1837 and the Contraction of 1839-43

The standard interpretation of the Panic of 1837 and subsequent recession blamed state bank monetary inflation abetted by President Jackson’s removal of the federal deposits from the Bank of the United States. This interpretation was rooted in sound economic analysis by contemporary Jeffersonian and hard-money critics of Jackson such as Nathan Appleton (the Massachusetts’ conservative textile manufacturer and banker), Albert Gallatin (Jefferson’s treasury secretary and now a New York banker) and Condy Raguet (the Philadelphia political economist and free-trade leader).

Fed’s Policies Expose Mainstream Fallacies

At the annual meeting of the American Economic Association in San Diego (January 4–6, 2013), Harvard professor of economics Benjamin Friedman said,

The standard models we teach … simply have no room in them for what most of the world’s central banks have done in response to the crisis.

Friedman also advises sweeping aside the importance of the role of monetary aggregates. On this he said,

If the model you are teaching has an “M” in it, it is a waste of students’ time. Delete it.