Introduction

Only from lack of historical sense could one raise the question whether and how the World War could have been avoided. The very fact that the war took place shows that the forces working to cause it were stronger than those working to prevent it. It is easy to show, after the fact, how affairs could or should have been better managed. It is clear that the German people underwent experiences during the war that would have restrained them from war if they had already undergone those experiences.

Nation and State

I. Nation and Nationality

1. The Nation as a Speech Community

The concepts nation and nationality are relatively new in the sense in which we understand them. Of course, the word nation is very old; it derives from Latin and spread early into all modern languages. But another meaning was associated with it.

Preface

The pages that I herewith submit to the public do not presume to be more than observations about the crisis in world history that we are living through and contributions to understanding the political conditions of our time. I know that any attempt to offer more would be premature and therefore mistaken. Even if we were in a position to see interrelations clearly and to recognize where developments are heading, it would be impossible for us to confront the great events of our day objectively and not let our view be blurred by wishes and hopes.

Translator’s Introduction

Ludwig von Mises wrote Nation, State and Economy in the same year, 1919, as John Maynard Keynes wrote The Economic Consequences of the Peace, a better known diagnosis of and prescription for the postwar economic situation. Mises, writing a few months earlier, presumably had less detailed knowledge of the Versailles Treaty and so was less concerned with its specific provisions. Keynes went into more detail than Mises in estimating such things as the wealth of the belligerents, the amount of destruction suffered, and the capacity of the Germans to pay reparations.

Canadian Housing Bubble: Small Signs?

Subprime mortgages are a very small part of the overall mortgage industry in Canada. However, they are quickly growing from their small base. This in itself is not a sign of imminent danger, but it is a sign that the traditional mortgage business is tightening its lending standards and rejecting loans it previously accepted. The tighter government lending requirements on traditional mortgage lenders could have a similar effect to higher interest rates in bringing about a top in the Canadian housing market.

18. Observations on the Cooperative Movement

THE COOPERATIVE IDEA*

I. Cooperatives not a Method of World Reconstruction

In spite of their steady expansion and the growth of their turnover, the cooperatives as they exist and operate today are merely dim shadows of what they were designed to be in the ambitious schemes of their first promoters.

19. Some Observations on Current Economic Methods and Policies

I.*

If no radical changes in the prevailing political trends and tendencies occur very soon, the system of full government control of human activities will within a few years triumph in all countries this side of the Iron Curtain.