4. Utility Ex Post: Free Market and Government

We have thus seen that individuals maximize their utility ex ante on the free market, and that they cannot do so when there is intervention, for then the intervener gains in utility only at the expense of a demonstrated loss in utility by his subject. But what of utilities ex post? People may expect to benefit when they make decisions, but do they actually benefit from their results? How do the free market and intervention compare in traveling that vital path from ante to post?

Financial Warfare and the Declining Dollar

With the creation of the BRICS bank and now the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the major economies of the world are hoping to lay the foundation for a multi-polar financial world beyond the unilateral control of the United States. Due to the enormous size of the US economy, coupled with the reserve status of the US dollar, the United States government has long been able to achieve strategic and military goals through flexing its financial power.

“Perfect Competition” and Antitrust

At the time of their publication, Hayek’s writings represented a significant split from Léon Walras’s theories of perfect competition and, generally, mainstream microeconomics. As Hayek explained, perfect competition is an economic model in which “we assume that state of affairs already to exist.” A certain competitive equilibrium is considered to be the goal to reach.