Chapter 9. 1919

1 Jurij Krizek argues that these tensions were amplified during the war because of the compulsory centralization of the k.u.k. economy, which unilaterally benefited the industrial and financial establishment in Vienna and Budapest. See Jurij Krizek, “Die Kriegswirtschaft und das Ende der Monarchie,” R.G. Plaschka and K. Mack, eds., Die Auflösung des Habsburgerreiches (Munich: Oldenbourg, 1970), pp. 43–52.

Chapter 10. A Copernican Shift

1 Eduard März, “Die Bauer-Mises-Schumpeter-Kontroverse,” Wirtschaftspolitische Blätter 28, no. 4 (1981): 66f.

2 Benjamin E. Lippincott, “Introduction,” On the Economic Theory of Socialism B.E. Lippincott, ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964), p. 4.

Chapter 11. A Treatise on Socialism

1 The book was also notable in that Mises here used the only diagram he would ever display in one of his publications, depicting typical shapes of the curve of the utility of labor, as a function of labor-time. See Mises, Gemeinwirtschaft, 1st ed. (Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1922), p. 154. Significantly, Mises adopted this figure from William Stanley Jevons’s Theory of Political Economy (London: Macmillan, 1888).

Chapter 12. Winds of War

1 During the 1920s and 1930s, many testimonies and analyses appeared in France, Britain, and the United States that condemned the treaty as a prolongation of the hostilities by other means, and thus as a heavy burden on future peace in Europe. See for example the account by the French diplomat Alcide Ebray, La Paix malpropre (Versailles)—pour la reconciliation par la vérité (Milano: Unitas, 1924); see also the testimony of the British diplomatic journalist Sisley Huddleston, In My Time (New York: Dutton & Co., 1938).

Chapter 13. A System of Political Philosophy

1 Mises, Kritik des Interventionismus (Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1929; reprint Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1976); A Critique of Interventionism, Hans F. Sennholz, trans. (New York: Arlington House, 1977). Just how important Mises considered this project can be gathered from the fact that during those years he worked on hardly any other research project and even rejected an offer to write a standard textbook on monetary policy.

Chapter 14. Booms

1 This is one of the central findings of Irmela Gorges’s comprehensive study of the research subjects and methodological orientations of three representative social science organisations of the time: the Verein für Sozialpolitik, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie, and the Cologne Forschungsinstitut für Sozialwissenschaften. See Gorges, Sozialforschung in der Weimarer Republik 1918–1933 (Frankfurt a.M.: Anton Hain, 1986), pp. 694–98.

2 One observer who met him first as a young man in 1928 would later recall:

Chapter 15. Crises

1 Mises, Erinnerungen (Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1978), p. 53.

Chapter 16. The Geneva Years

1 See the report on an interview with him in “Von Mises to Speak Tonight,” Santa Ana Register (October 17, 1944); a copy is in Grove City Archive: Hoiles files.

2 Rappard to Mises, letter dated March 19, 1934; Mises to Rappard, letter dated March 23, 1934; Grove City Archive: Graduate Institute Archive.

Chapter 17. A Treatise on Economics

1 Mises to François Perroux, letter dated September 28, 1946; Grove City Archive: Perroux file.

Chapter 18. Émigré in New York

1 Royal Wilbur France to Mises, letter dated November 7, 1946; Grove City Archive: France file.

2 Calkins to Mises, letter dated August 1, 1940; Grove City Archive: Machlup files.