Tariffs and Industrial Policy Fail: The Cases of US, Japan, and China
In recent years, anti-market policies, such as tariffs and industrial policies, have resurged in popularity in the United States. Advocates for these measures submit they are essential to protecting domestic industries, fostering economic growth, and ensuring national security. However, historical evidence and economic analyses tell a different story—one in which these policies often fail to deliver their promised benefits. To understand why, we will examine the historical failures of tariffs in the United States and the ineffectiveness of industrial policies in Japan and China.