If you ask any American libertarian who the worst presidents of all time were, you are likely to receive the same answers, though in different order. Abraham Lincoln invaded the South and led the greatest slaughter of Americans in history, including targeted attacks against civilians. Woodrow Wilson created the Fed and got us into World War I. Franklin Roosevelt established the New Deal, bankrolled the Soviet Union, caused the Cold War, and staffed his administration with communists. Lyndon B.

In understanding history, more is required than just a litany of facts. An explanatory framework is needed—a theory or argument concerning the significance and interrelationships between those facts, or a “model” as Robert Higgs put it:

Before she became a U.S. senator and then President Joe Biden’s vice president, Kamala Harris was a progressive California politician.

It’s been a big week for “the data.” At Wednesday’s FOMC press conference, Fed Chair Jerome Powell announced that the Fed was holding its policy interest rate steady at the current 4.5 percent.