War Collectivism
Index
Adams, Henry Carter, 106
Alexander, Magnus, 112
American Economic Association, 97
American Navy, 10
Naval Consulting Board, 10
See also Committee on Industrial Preparedness
American Press Association, 11
American Social Hygiene Association, 77
American Society for Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis (ASSMP), 77
Anthony, Susan B., 67
Associated Advertising Clubs of the World, 11
Babst, Earl, 28
Baker, Newton D., 44, 76, 78, 89, 97
Baker, Purley A., 59
Bane, A.C., 66
Baruch, Bernard, 11, 12, 14, 17, 30, 35–37, 41, 43–45, 46, 91, 116
Blaine, James G., 75
Bliss, W.D.P., 98
Brookings Institute, 119
Brookings, Robert S., 15, 21, 43, 49, 114, 119
Bryan, William Jennings, 58
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 124
Bureau of Social Hygiene, 75
Bush, Samuel P., 48
cartelization, 26–34, 38, 120
and trade associations, 38
during peacetime, 42–43, 45–46
through the Industrial Board, 48–49
Catt, Carrie Chapman, 67, 68, 71–73
Central Bureau of Planning and Statistics (CBPS), 116–17
Chamber of Commerce (U.S.). See United States
Chambers, Edward, 32
citizen volunteers, 25
Clarke, Ida, 71–73
Clarkson, Grosvenor B., 11, 16, 17, 18–20, 39
Clemenceau, Georges, 79
Cleveland Commission, 113–14
Cleveland, Frederick D., 113
Coffin, Howard E., 10–12
See also Committee on Industrial Preparedness
Committee on Industrial Preparedness (CIP), 10–11
Commons, John R., 96–98, 101, 112
competition, 20
Comte, Auguste, 92
Postivism of, 92
conscription, 55, 99–100
peacetime “industrial army,” 100
Copeland, Melvin T., 115
Coulter, E. Merton, 102
Council of National Defense (CND), 11–12, 68
Advisory Committee of, 11
on Women’s Defense Work (Woman’s Committee), 68
original members of, 12
responsibilities of, 13
Commercial Economy Board, 16.
See also War Industries Board
design and function of, 13
Purchasing Board, 13. See also General Munitions Board
Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), 119
Crisis and Leviathan (Higgs), 55
Croly, Herbert David, 83, 86, 91–92
Crowell, Benedict, 12
Cummins, Albert, 50
Daniels, Josephus, 78
Day, Edmund E., 118
deflation, 42–43
Department of Commerce, 36, 39, 45
of the Industrial Board, 47
Devine, Edward T., 81
Dewey, John, 40, 83–86, 92, 93
Dorfman, Joseph, 108
Drexel Institute, 12
du Pont family, 10, 12
Dulles, John Foster, 117
Eakins, David, 110
economists and the state, 94–98
deductive economic theory, 94–95
German Historical School, 95, 105
Eliot, Charles W., 77
Ely, Richard T., 96–103, 105, 112
End of the War, The (Weyl), 91
Engel, Ernst, 106
fascism, 91–92
Fechner, Robert, 42
Federal Farm Board (FFB), 36, 38
Federal Reserve System, 38, 107
Federal Trade Commission, 36, 45
Feiker, Frederick, 120
Finlay, John H., 96
Fisher, Irving, 106–08, 122–23
Fosdick, Raymond Blaine, 74–78, 81, 113
Food Administration (FA), 13, 24–29, 90
and women’s suffrage, 69
licensing, 25, 26
Food Control Act, 27
food-control programs, 26–27
sugar, 26, 28–29
wheat, 26–27
Fournier, Jean-Alfred, 77
Frankfurter, Felix, 89
Fuel Administration, 38, 41
Gary, Elbert, 22, 45
Garrett, Paul, 30
Gay, Edwin F., 111–12, 115–19
Gifford, Walter S., 12
General Munitions Board, 13
Gladden, Washington, 98
Glass, Carter, 50
Glenn, Thomas, 48
Godfrey, Hollis, 12
Gompers, Samuel, 12
Goodnow, Frank, 113
Goodwin, E.H., 112
Gospel of the Kingdom, The (Strong), 61
Grain Corporation, 27
Gray, Carl R., 32–33
Greene, Jerome D., 111
Guffey, Joseph, 37, 41
Hadley, Arthur T., 119
Hancock, John, 37
Harrison, Fairfax, 31
Hayek, F.A., 55
Henderson, Leon, 37
Higgs, Robert, 55, 57
Hines, Walker D., 32, 33, 50
Hinrichs, A. Ford, 124
Holden, Hale, 32
Homer, Charles F., 37
Hoover, Herbert Clark, 13, 15, 24–30, 35, 38, 40, 62–63, 69, 90, 119–21
Howe, Frederick C., 97
Hunt, Edward Eyre, 124
Hutchinson, T.W., 104
Industrial Board, 47–50
dissolution of, 50
stabilization of high prices, 48
“industrial preparedness,” 11
industries of big-business, 14–15, 18–19
agriculture, 15
American Sugar Refining Co., 28–29
coffee, 38
Deere & Co., 15
International Harvester Co., 15, 36
Moline Plow Company, 36, 37
sugar, 26, 28–29
wheat, 26–27, 50
automobiles, 10
Hudson Motor Co., 10
coal, 38, 41
copper, 20
Utah Copper Co., 20
cotton, 21, 38
finance, 12
Wall Street, 12
food, 15, 24–26
iron, 44
lumber, 21, 44
machinery, 37
General Electric, 37
munitions, 13
nickel, 21
oil, 38, 41
publications, 11
American Press Association, 11
Associated Advertising Clubs of the World, 11
New York Times, 11, 44
railroads, 12, 13, 15, 30–34, 49–52
Atlantic Coast Railroad, 32
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 12, 15, 30
Burlington Railroad, 32
California Railroad Commission, 31
Chicago Great Western Railroad, 32
Cummins Bill, 51
Esch Bill, 51
Hudson and Manhattan Railroad, 12
New York Central Railroad, 32
Railroad Labor Board, 52
Santa Fe Railroad, 32
Seaboard Railroad, 32
Southern Railroad, 31
Transportation Act of 1920, 51–52
Union Pacific Railroad, 15
Western Maryland Railroad, 33
raw materials, 13
rubber, 38
shoes, 44
steel, 15, 22–24, 44–45, 48–49
American Vanadium Co., 15, 22
Bethlehem Steel, 23
Crucible Steel, 23
Republic Iron and Steel, 22, 23
United States Steel, 22, 23, 45
telephone, 12
American Telephone and Telegraph Co., 12, 21
textiles, 12
Sears, Roebuck and Co., 12
industry regulation, 20–23
big-business involvement in, 20–22
Institute for Government Research (IGR), 113–114
Institute of Christian Sociology, 98
Institute of Economic Research, 111
International Sugar Committee (ISC), 28
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), 31–34, 51–52
Statistical Bureau of the, 106
Iron Age, 22
James, George R., 48
Jameson, J. Franklin, 97
Johnson, Bascom, 77
Johnson, Hugh S., 37
Kallen, Horace M., 92
Keefe, Frank B., 124
Kerner Board, 12
Kerner, Francis J., 12
Klein, Julius, 120
Kohn, Robert, 41
La Follette, Robert M., 97, 101–02
laissez-faire capitalism, 9, 35, 44, 96
Lamont, Thomas W., 118
Legge Alexander, 15, 36
Leuchtenburg, William, 39–40
Lever Food and Fuel Control Act, 62–64
liberal intellectuals, 9, 39, 94
See also progressive intellectuals
liberalism, 8–9
licensing, 25, 26
Lindsey, W.E., 63
Lippmann, Walter, 83, 87–91
Lovett, Robert S., 15
Lubin, Isador, 37
Making of Index Numbers, The (Fisher), 106
market stability, 21–22
Marrow, Prince A., 77
Marxian socialism, 9
McAdoo, William Gibbs, 12, 14, 32–33, 37, 50, 56
Menger, Carl, 104
mercantilism, 8
Military Training Camp Commission, 74–81
Mises, Ludwig von, 95
Mitchell, Wesley Clair, 108, 111–12, 117–18, 121, 123
“mixed economy,” 35
Moulton, Harold G., 119
Mussolini, Benito, 91–92
National American Woman Suffrage Association, 67, 68
National Association of Manufacturers, 47
National Board of Historical Service, 102
National Bureau of Economic Research, 113, 118
National Civic Federation, 109
National Conference of Social Work, 81–82
National League for Woman’s Service, 71
national planning
“voluntary” cooperation, 38
National Women’s Trade Union League, 73
neomercantilism, 35
New Deal, 37, 40–42, 52, 91
Civilian Conservation Corps, 42
Corporate Monopoly State, 52
public housing, 41
New Mercantilism, 8
New Republic, 40, 83, 85–91
in support of war collectivism, 86–87
New York Times, 11, 44
New York World, 85, 92
Newlands, Francis G., 31
Parker, Edwin B., 45
Payne, John Barton, 32
Peace Industries Board, 37
Peek, George N., 15, 36, 37, 46, 48
Pershing, John J., 79
personal liberty, 61
Pleasant, Ruftin G., 70
Positivist Circle, 92
postmillennial pietist Protestantism, 54, 57–58–66, 83–84, 97–99
development of statism, 57–58, 84
women’s suffrage, 66–73
price control see price-fixing
price-fixing, 20–21, 23, 26–27, 43, 45
See also War Industries Board
opposition to, 24, 44
price maxima/minima, 42, 44
price stabilization, 21, 23, 26
profit, reasonable margin of, 26
progressive intellectuals, 55–56, 83
Progressive Party, 60, 67, 74, 103
progressivism, 53–54, 58–60
Social Creed, 60–61
Social Gospel, 60
prohibition, 59–66, 81, 107, 123 and soldiers, 74
Anti-Saloon League, 59–66
during the war, 63–64
Eighteenth Amendment, 64–65, 81
Volstead (National Prohibition) Act, 66
War Prohibition Act, 65
Prohibitionist Party, 67
prostitution, 75–79
public housing movement, 41
Railroads’ War Board, 30–31
Rainey, Henry T., 42
rationing, 29
Rauschenbusch, Walter, 61, 98
Recent Economic Changes in the United States (Mitchell), 123–124
Reconstruction Commission, 43
Reconstruction Congress of American Industry, 47
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 40
Redfield, William, 45, 47, 48
Reed, Lewis B., 48
religion and the state, 57–60
Replogle, J. Leonard, 15, 22
Requa, Mark, 46
Rhett, R. Goodwyn, 12
Ritter, William M., 48
Robins, Margaret Dreier, 73
Robins, Raymond, 73–74
Rockefeller, John D. Jr., 75–76, 81, 112
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 35, 36, 41, 42
Roosevelt, Theodore, 59, 97, 101
Rorty, Malcolm C., 112
Rosenwald, Julius, 12
Ross, Edward Alsworth, 96
Ruggles, Samuel B., 105
Russell, Howard H., 59
Schmoller Gustav, 95
Scott, Frank A., 13
Shaw, Albert, 96
Shaw, Anna Howard, 67, 68
Shaw, Arch W., 16, 17, 45, 112, 115
Sherman Act, 47
Small, Albion W., 96
Smith, A. H., 32
Social Hygiene, 77
social work, 80–81
standardization, 27, 33, 35, 38, 45, 115
state corporate capitalism, 7
statistics and the state, 104–25
as a basis for state planning, 109, 121
Stelzle, Charles, 61
Stone, Nahum I., 112
Straight, Williard W., 83
Strong, Benjamin, 107
Strong, Josiah, 61, 98
suffrage, 66–73
and prohibition, 67
and World War I, 68
food pledge cards, 69
National American Woman Suffrage Association, 67, 68
Nineteenth Amendment, 66
Women’s Christian Temperance Union, 67
women’s work support of war, 70
Sugar Equalization Board, 29
Survey, 81
Survey of Current Business, 119–20
Swope, Gerard, 37
Swope, Herbert Bayard, 37
Taft, William Howard, 113
Tarbell, Ida M., 69
Tennessee Valley Authority, 41
Thelen, Max, 31
Timberlake, James, 59
Topping, John A., 23
Tugwell, Rexford Guy, 40, 91
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 97
United States
Chamber of Commerce, 10, 14, 18–19, 43, 47
Navy, 10. See also American Navy
Utah Copper Company, 20
Veblen, Thorstein, 86, 108
Versailles Treaty, 91, 93
Walters, Henry, 32
war collectivism, 34–35
as economic planning, 34–35
definition of, 7
during peace time, 42–43
war contracts, 15
War Finance Corporation, 40
War Industries Board (WIB), 14–15, 30, 35, 37, 42–45
big-business leaders in, 15
Committee on Car Service (railroads), 31
commodity committees, 18–19
see also industries of big-business
Conservation Division, 16–18, 45, 115
goals of, 17–18
tasks of, 17
control of industry, 18
disbanding of, 44
during peace time, 43
Finished Products Division, 46
functions of, 14
Peace Industries Board, 37
Price-Fixing Committee, 21, 43
Railroad Administration, 32–33
Federal Control Act, 34
“sailing day plan,” 34
Shipping Board, 115–16
Weyl, Walter Edward, 83, 91
Wheeler, Harry A., 19, 21, 43, 47
Whitney, Dorothy, 83
Willard, Daniel, 12, 15, 30, 51
Williams, Clarence C., 37
Williams, John Skelton, 32
Willoughby, William Franklin, 113
Wilson, Luther B., 60
Wilson, Woodrow, 11, 14, 32, 34, 43–45, 50, 51, 56, 63, 74, 97, 116, 118
opposition to post-war WIB, 44–45
Wisconsin Idea, 97
Wisconsin Loyalty Legion, 101, 103
Wolman, Leo, 37
women’s suffrage. See suffrage
Women’s Committee, 71–73, 80
and prostitution, 80
Block Matrons, 72
committee on “patriotic” education, 71–72
English instruction, 72
Woods, Robert A., 81–82
World War I
United States entry into, 9–10
Wright, Carroll D., 106
