The Struggle for Liberty
Index
Index
Compiled by Roger E. Bissell
Abbas, Ali Ismail, 99n29
Adams, Charles, 89
Aegean, 220
Afghanistan, 110
Alaska, 217
Albania, 105–6
Albornoz, Bartolome de, 48
Algeria, 111
Amanpour, Christiane, 105
American Civil War, US Civil War, 63, 89, 115, 214. See also Confederate States of America; Southern Constitution
American colonies, 50, 54
American government, United States government,101, 105–6, 114, 120, 170, 226, 229, 233, 249n20. See also under United States
Amsterdam, 23, 36–39, 39n28
Anglo-American, 55, 224
Anglocentrism, 65
Anglo-Saxon, 32, 52, 224
Anti-imperialist League, 106
Antwerp, 23, 36, 38
Applebaum, Anne, 209–10
Appleby, Joyce, 56
Arab-Israeli War of 1967, 117
Arab (Shiite, Sunni) Muslims, 240
Aragon, 25
the Cortes, 25
Argentina, 134
Aristotle, Aristotelianism, 45, 204
Ashcraft, Richard, 55
Ashton, T. S., 131, 141
Atkinson, Edward, 106
Atlas Foundation, 47
Aulard, Alphonse, 225
Auschwitz, 75
Australia, 20–21, 60
Austria, 42, 111, 116, 215, 219–20, 222, 225, 239–40
Austrian Empire, 104, 215, 222. See also Austria-Hungary
Austrian Habsburgs, Habsburgs of Austria-Hungary, 36n24, 104, 215
Austrian states, 245
Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, 36n24, 135, 215–16, 218, 220–22, 239, 241
Austrians (economic school), 7, 42, 46, 59, 77, 91, 165–66, 189, 245
authentic liberals, 49, 65, 72, 82, 111–12
authentic Marxists, 203
Aztecs, 20
Babeuf, François-Noël, 182–83
Bacon, Francis, 78, 189
Baechler, Jean, 21–22, 34, 34n23
Bakunin, Mikhail, 198, 198n17, 199, 199n18, 200, 200n21
Balfour, Arthur, 241n3
Balfour Declaration, 241
Baltic Sea, 33, 213, 239
Bangladesh, 120
Bank of England, 74
Baptists, 130
Bastiat, Frédéric, 48, 77, 79, 79n33, 90, 101, 101n36
Bauer, Peter, 23–24, 24n11, 31
Bavaria, 213–14
Bay of Pigs invasion, 119
Bazard, Amand, 187
Bohemia, 185
Belarus, 209
Belgium, 25, 35, 112, 222, 224–25, 244, 256
Bellesiles, Michael, 208, 208–9n38
Bernier, Francois, 32–34
Bernstein, Eduard, 44, 44n7, 200–1
Bethlehem Steel (US arms company), 219
Bill of Rights, 62–63, 81, 232, 252–55. See also United States: US Constitution
Article IX, 253
Article X, 253
First Amendment (Article I), 252
right to bear arms (Article II), 252
Birdzell, L. E., Jr., 135, 137
Bishop of Rome, 20
Bismarck, Otto von, 8, 14, 116, 165, 213, 213–14n5, 214, 216, 219–20, 246–47, 247n17, 248
Black, Hugo, 232
blacks, 115, 123, 257
Blackstone, William, 252, 252n24
Blair, Tony, 125, 125n22
Blanqui, Adolphe, 80–81, 84
Boer republic, 115
Boer War, 109, 115
Bolsheviks, 166–67, 198, 202–4, 241
Bonald, Louis de, 188
Bourne, Randolph, 19, 96, 97n22
Bovard, James (“Jim”), 123–24
Branch Davidians, Waco massacre, 256, 256n28.
Braudel, Fernand, 141
Breaugh, Martin, 138n4
Brecht, Berthold, 157
Brezhnev, Leonid, 168
Bright, John, 97–99, 102–3, 146. See also Richard Cobden
Britain, Great Britain, 52, 54, 66, 71–72, 74–75, 77–78, 81, 101, 104, 109, 111, 115–16, 125, 128–30, 132, 138, 140–41, 143, 195, 206, 208, 210, 217–19, 222–24, 224n13, 225–31., 224, 238, 240–41, 244. See also England
British colonists, British immigrants, 109, 229
British Empire, British imperialism, 37, 96, 96n21, 102, 110, 217–19
British government, 109, 155, 224, 217, 219, 224, 230, 244
British invasion of Iraq in 2003, 125n22
British military, 217
British monarchy, 230
British Parliament, 29, 115–16, 130, 223–24.
Charles I, 50–51
Charles II, 53
Cromwell, Oliver, 51, 53
Elizabeth I, 37
Gladstone, William, 97, 103
Glorious Revolution (1688), 55
James II, 55
mid-Victorian Britain, 97. See also English Victorian society
Whiggish British society, 188
William and Mary, 55
British East India, 67
Brougham, Henry, 61
Bryan, William Jennings, 228, 230
Bryant, William Cullen, 93
Buchanan, James (“Jim”), 66, 90–91, 91n9
Bulgaria, 220
Bullock, Lord Alan, 171
Burke, Edmund, 78, 188
Bush, George W., 114, 229, 243n5, 244, 255
Byzantine Christianity, 27
Calhoun, John C., 92
Calvinists, 36–37, 70
Cambodia, 218
Cameroons, 217
Canada, 44–45, 52, 120, 123
capitalism, 83, 87, 95, 98–99, 103, 128–29, 134, 137, 140–41, 145, 147–48, 150, 154–55, 160, 162
anticapitalism, 67, 149, 157–59, 163 “der tag,” coming of “the day” (doomsday for capitalism), 201, 201n24
laissez-faire, laissez-faire capitalism, pure capitalism, 13–14, 42–44, 57, 60, 98, 146
modern capitalism, 141, 193
precapitalist, 141
Carpenter, Ted Galen, 115, 117
Castro, Fidel, 109, 121
Catholic Church, 25, 27, 31, 37, 46, 61, 63, 68, 76, 84, 124, 180, 188, 191–92, 238, 247
anti-Catholic bias, 46, 58
Cato Institute, 115
censorship, 124
Chadwick, Owen, 70–71
Chafuen, Alexander, 47
Cheney, Dick, 243, 243n6
Chile, 119
China, 21, 28, 30n18, 34, 34n23, 99–101, 109, 120, 219, 245
Communist Party of China, 206
Opium Wars against China, 99
peasant uprisings, 30n18
Shandong Province, 131
Chinatown, 131
Christian, Christianity, 23, 25–27, 31, 69–70, 105, 180–81, 183, 192, 208, 219, 240
Church of England, 99, 130, 144
Churchill, Winston, 117, 212, 239
Cicero, 159
civil liberty. See under liberty
Clapham, J. H., 131
class conflict, 77, 79–83, 86, 89–92, 95–96. See also under liberalism
classical liberalism. See under liberalism
Clinton Health Program, 248
cliometricians, 137
Coase, Ronald, 147
Cobden, Richard, 15, 67, 67n4, 97, 100–3, 120, 124–25, 146
Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 34
Commodore Perry, 34
communism, 52, 73, 95, l21, 129, 139, 154, 157, 166–67, 168n19, 171, 194–96, 198–204, 206–8, 210–12, 238, 245, 257
Comintern, Communist International, 171, 206
Communist Manifesto, 79–80, 154, 184, 199. See also Marx, Karl
Communist Party, 73, 206
communist salami tactics, 124
Soviet communism, 74, 81, 153, 166, 168, 208–9
war communism, 166, 203, 208
Comte, Auguste, 69, 82, 189, 190n3
Comte, Charles, 82, 85
Condorcet. See Marquis de Condorcet
Confederate States of America, American Confederate States, 36, 115, 253–54. See also Southern Constitution; American Civil War
Congregationalist Church, 63
Congress of Vienna, 213, 237
Conquest, Robert, 114n3, 204, 210
conscription, 35, 232–34
Constant, Benjamin, 66, 70, 78, 82, 85, 85n44, 181, 252
constitution, 55, 252. See also France:
Confederate (Southern) Constitution;
Constitution of 1791; United States:
US Constitution; Weimar Constitution
contracts, 24, 34, 54, 66, 91, 253. See also social contract
Corn Laws, 98, 102–3, 145
Anti-Corn Law movement, 54
Cowling, Maurice, 69
Creel, George, 23
Crimean War, 98, 103–5, 110
Croats, 104, 205, 220
Dark Ages, 28, 142. See also Middle Ages
Darwinian, 108
Debs, Eugene V., 232–35
Declaration of Independence, 54
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 62, 81
de Marco, Antonio de Viti, 91
democracy, 29, 50, 52, 63–64, 93–94, 109, 113–20, 122, 124, 149, 168, 229, 231, 238, 250. See also socialism: democratic socialism
mass democracy, mass electoral democracy, democracy of the taxpayers, 29
modern welfare democracy, 148
universal democracy, 113, 120
Democratic Party. See under United States
DeRosa, Marshall, 254
Descartes, Rene, 38, 78, 188
de Tracy, Antoine Louis Claude Destutt, 82
Dewey, John, 43, 73, 157
d’Holbach, Baron, 78
Dickens, Charles, 142
Diderot, Denis, 78, 174
DiLorenzo, Thomas (“Tom”), 89
Dirlewanger, Oskar, Dirlewanger Brigade, 99n30
division of power, 27
Djilas, Milovan, 95n19, 199
Dorwart, Reinhold August, 245–46
Doyle, Michael, 116n9
Dunn, John, 71
Dunoyer, Charles, 82
DuPont (American arms company), 219
Duranty, Walter, 208
Durkheim, Émile, 225
the East, 21, 31–34
École Polytechnique, 187
economic development, 14, 23–24, 24n11, 34, 56, 60
egalitarianism, 94. See also socialism
Egypt, 103, 229
Egyptian government, 103
pharaoh, 27
Einaudi, Luigi, 92, 92n10
Einstein, Albert, 225
Eliot, T. S., 75
Elster, Jon, 173
emperor, 27, 247, 254
Emperor Frederick II, Hohenstaufen, 31
emperor of China, 28
emperor of Japan, 27
Emperor Theodosius, 25–26, 26n12
Habsburg emperor, 104
Holy Roman emperor, 31
Roman emperor, 27
empiricism, 45, 75, 77, 163–64, 194
Enfantin, Barthelemy-Prosper, 187
Engels, Friedrich, 131, 154, 174, 184, 194–99, 199n20, 200. See also Marx, Karl
England, 23, 29–30, 30n18, 31, 37, 39, 41–45, 49–50, 52–57, 61, 65–67, 69, 74, 78, 85, 90n5, 99–100, 103–5, 109–10, 112, 116–17, 122, 125, 128, 130, 132–34, 138, 140, 142–45, 183, 195, 206, 213, 216–17, 219, 223, 223n11, 224–25, 227, 230, 252n24, 254. See also Britain
Asquith government, 116
Blair government, 125n22
English Civil War, 50
English government, 103
English imperialism, 102
English school (of economics), 47, 83
House of Stuart, 50
King John, 30–31
Levellers, 49, 51–52, 52n16, 53–54, 72, 94
Lord John Russell, 62
Lord Palmerston (Henry John Temple), 62, 112
Manchester school, Manchester liberals, “Little Englanders,” 97–100, 102–3, 107, 109, 248
Royalists, Tories, 50, 130
Social Democratic Party (England), 45
Wat Tyler’s rebellion, 30n18
Whigs, 61–62, 92, 111, 188, 253
Enlightenment, 174, 188, 211
French Enlightenment, 19, 59, 174, 179, 188, 192
Scottish Enlightenment, 59, 179
Episcopal Church, 63
Eritrea, 218
Estates-General, 24, 36
ethnic cleansing, 105
Europe, 7, 13–14, 19–24, 24n11, 25, 27, 31–32, 34–37, 39, 41, 44, 47–49, 55, 60–61, 63, 65, 70, 72, 81, 86, 92, 92n10, 94, 96, 100, 104–6, 111, 120, 123–24, 129, 133–35, 137, 142, 157, 162, 213–14, 216n14, 217–222, 225, 231, 233, 237–38, 245–46, 250–52, 255, 257
Eurocentric, 19
European (economic) miracle. See “Wirtschaftswunder”
European intellectuals, 166
European war, 202, 222, 234. See also World War I
Evans, E. J., 140
extreme nationalists, 238
“extreme right wing,” “hate group,” 124
Fabian Society, 76, 138
fascism, 50, 124, 154, 171, 206–7. See also National Socialism
Ferguson, Adam, 59
Ferguson, Niall, 218
Ferrara, Francesco, 90, 90n5
feudalism, 24, 85, 92, 109, 191, 193
feudal class, 34, 103
“Norman yoke,” 52
Ficino, Marsilio, 46
Florida, 121
foreign policy, 100, 102–3, 116, 121 – 22, 125
“democratic leash,” 116
foreign trade, 51, 99
Fourier, Charles, 158, 184–85
“Fourier Complex,” 158, 184n51
Fourier’s socialism, 185
Fourteenth Amendment, 62–63. See also Bill of Rights; United States: US Constitution
France, 19, 24, 32, 34, 38, 44, 57–58, 63, 78, 81, 85–86, 90n5, 101, 101n36, 111, 116, 122, 129, 132, 134, 141, 168, 174, 180–83, 187, 195, 206, 214, 216–19, 221–23, 223n12, 225, 237, 245, 247, 251–52, 256
Alsace, 216
anti-French sentiment, 195n11
Antoinette, Marie, 58
Bourbon Restoration, 82
Constitution of 1791, 57, 81
Corsica, 256
French Indochina, 218
French philosophes, 28, 58, 176, 180
French physiocrats, 66, 78, 246
French Revolution, the Great Revolution, 25, 54, 62–63, 81–82, 111–12, 132, 134, 144, 181–82, 188–89, 192, 225, 237, 252
Girondins, 111–12
Lorraine, 216
Louis XIV, 34, 50
Louis XVI, 58
Napoleon, 63–64, 82 132, 142, 165
Napoleon III, 63, 90, 247
Napoleonic Wars of 1815, 130, 145, 237
Post-French Revolution, 25
Reign of Terror, 63, 112, 182, 188
Revolution of 1848, 90
Third Republic, 90
France, Anatole, 157
Frank, Anne, 39
Frankfurter, Felix, 232
Frankfurt school, 171
Franklin, Benjamin, 66, 66n3
Franks, 85
Frederick the Great, 57 “freedom fries” (French fries), 233n32. See also “liberty cabbage;” “liberty steak”
free market, 13, 16, 23, 38n28, 42, 51, 56, 83, 90, 92, 114, 118, 144, 146, 188, 214n5
free trade, 34–35, 39, 66–67, 92n10, 98–99, 101–2, 107
free trade imperialism, 101
North American Free Trade Agreement, 102
Freud, Sigmund, 225
Friedman, Milton, 7, 66, 163, 165
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 43
Galicia, 215
Garden of Eden myths. 141
General Sherman, 254
genocide, 19–20, 105–6
Germany, 31, 43–44, 57, 73–75, 116, 127, 134, 157, 200, 202–3, 206–7, 213–16, 218–21, 223–30, 233, 237– 42, 245–47, 250, 252. See also under National Socialism
Berlin, 218, 223–24
Dresden, 198, 198n17
Federal Republic of Germany, West Germany, 171, 248
First Reich (Holy Roman Empire), 214
Frankfurt, 213
German city-states, 213
German Social Democrats
German South West Africa, 217
German states, 25, 214, 245, 252
Hamburg, 213
Hohenstaufen, Frederick II, 31
Hohenzollern dynasty, 229–30, 247
Left Bank of Rhine River, 112
Nazi Germany, 224, 242
Reichstag, 116, 202
Second Reich (under Bismarck), German Reich, Imperial Germany, 116, 213
Third Reich (under Hitler), German Reich, Nazi Germany, 213–14, 224. See also National Socialism
Weimar Republic, Weimar Constitution, 157, 229
Wilhelm II (kaiser), 216, 219, 222
Ghana, 129
Giddens, Anthony, 190n3
globalist, 122
Godkin, E. L., 106
Gordon, Thomas, 54, 54n23, See also Trenchard, John
Gottfried, Paul, 249–50
government, 50–51, 54–56, 56n29, 61n38, 80, 82, 84, 86–87, 93–94, 99–102, 102n40, 104, 107–9, 113, 116–18, 124–25, 129, 132, 144, 156, 170, 199, 207, 225, 244, 246–47. See also American government. See also under Britain; Confederate States of America; Egypt; England; Italy; NATO; Poland; Russia; Transvaal; United States
bourgeois government, 206
central government, centralized government, 52, 63
communist government, 206
federal government, national government, 62, 86, 170, 249n20, 253–54, 256
foreign governments, 100
government bureaucrats, 245
government-funded programs, government grants, 43, 93, 247–48
government interventionist, government interventionism, 34, 126–27
government monopolies, 51, 80
government privilege, 84, 92
government regulation, 201, 245
limited government, 251–53, 255
Lockean government, 54, 178
revolutionary government, 51, 64
world government, universal government, 120
Gray, Alexander, 183, 187, 194
Gray, John, 70
The Great Depression, 127–28
The Great War. See World War I
Greece, Greeks, 27, 61, 85, 97, 97n25, 106, 114, 162, 179, 190–92
city-states, 115
classical Athens, 115
Greek Christianity, 27
Grice-Hutchinson, Marjorie, 46
Grotius, Hugo, 49
Guatemala, 119
Gypsies, 215
Habsburgs, 36, 104, 215
Austrian Habsburgs, 36n24
Spanish Habsburgs, 36, 36n24, 48–49
Hamburger, Joseph, 69–70
Hamilton, Alexander, 93, 253
Hammond, Barbara, 138
Hammond, J. L., 138
Harding, Warren, 235
Hart, David, 100
Hartwell, R. M. (“Max”), 132, 148–49
Hayek, Friedrich A., 7–8, 13, 43, 59, 77–78, 114, 126, 128, 131, 148, 150–54, 158, 167, 171, 189, 244–45
Hedges, Chris, 226
Hegelian, 154, 184, 194
Heine, Heinrich, 193
Heraclitus, 97, 97n25
Herbert, Auberon, 43
Hexter, John, 29
Hicks, John, 22
Higgs, Robert (“Bob”), 97, 165n13, 168–70, 211–12, 227, 231
Hirschman, Albert O., 79, 81, 86
Hobbesian state of war of all against all, 54
Hobhouse, Leonard, 43–44
Hobsbawm, Eric, 137
Hobson, J. A., 43–44
Holcombe, Randall, 253
Holland. See North Netherlands
Holmes, Stephen, 42
Holocaust. See under National Socialism
Holy Roman Empire, 213–14. See also Germany: First Reich
Holy See, 28n14
Hoppe, Hans-Hermann, 7, 80, 257
Horkheimer, Max, 171
Huffman, Gerhard, 157
Hughes, H. Stuart, 171
Hülsmann, Jörg Guido, 77, 248
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 15, 110, 246
Hume, David, 59, 78, 166, 179
Hungary, 25, 215. See also Austria-Hungary
husband-dominated family, 140
Hussein, Saddam, 125
Iberian Scholastic school, Iberian School, Spanish school, late Scholastic school, 47, 49
imperialism, 85, 103, 106, 109, 111, 149, 218–19. See also free trade imperialism. See also under Britain
India, 21, 32, 120
British East India, 67, 111
individualism, 43, 77–78
Indonesia, 120, 129
Industrial Revolution, 16, 21, 28, 111, 113, 126, 128–29, 131–33, 135, 137–39, 139n11, 140–42, 144–45, 148, 171–72, 258
“democratization of consumption,” 141
industrialization, 16, 111, 128–29, 132–34, 141, 143
intelligentsia, 66, 72, 166
Iran, 119
Ireland, 135, 135n34
Diaspora of the Irish, 135
Irish famine, 135, 140–41
Republic of Ireland, 135n34
Islam, 21. See also Arab Muslims
isolationist, 61, 100, 127, 231, 242. See also non-interventionist
Israel, 105, 117
Italy, 73, 90–91, 116, 116n10, 134, 154, 200, 202, 207, 213, 215–16, 218, 220, 223, 229, 251, 256
Calabria, 134
Colosseum, 27
House of Savoy, 216n7
Italian city-states, 29, 36, 254
“Italian Problem,” 207
Italian Republic, 92, 92n10
Lombardi, 220, 256
Milan, 256
Mussolini, Benito, 154, 201–2, 207–8, 229–30
Naples, 25, 32, 134, 145
Northern Italy, 36, 112
Southern Italy, 134
Sicily, 25. 32. 134. 216, 229
Venezia, 220
Jacksonian, 54, 92–93
Jacobins, 112, 144, 183, 198
Jamaica, 130
Japan, 27, 34–35, 101, 217, 232, 242
Jefferson, Thomas, 54, 57, 93, 93n13, 124
Jeffersonian, 54, 56, 92–93
liberal “Jefferson orthodoxy,” 214n5
Jeffrey, Francis, 61
Jews, 31, 38, 61, 75, 106, 199n20, 200, 200n21, 215, 241
Amsterdam Jew, 38–39. See also Spinoza, Baruch
Budapest Jew, 31
Iberian (Portuguese and Spanish) Jews, 38
Orthodox Jews, 68
Johnson, Lyndon, 117
Jones, E. L. (Eric), 20, 60
Jouvenel, Bertrand de, 148
Joyous Entry of Brabant, 25
Kant, Immanuel, Kantianism, 45, 99, 246, 246n15
Karp, Walter, 228
Kennedy, John, 119
Kennedy, Paul, 23
Keynes, John Maynard, 43, 72–77, 81, 177
Khrushchev, Nikita, 150, 150n38, 167, 202
Kirk, Russell, 52
Kitch, Edmund, 147
Koenigsberger, H. G., 29
Kolakowski, Leszek, 195, 205
Kors, Alan, 19
Kosovo, 105–6
Kossuth, Lajos, 104
Krupp (German arms company), 219
Kuczynski, Jurgen, 139
Kuwait, 240
La Boétie, Étienne de, 243
labor theory of value, 59, 83
laissez-faire, 13, 42–44, 57, 60, 74, 93, 126–29, 146, 246. See also under capitalism; liberalism; society
Landes, David, 22
Langton, Stephen, 31
Lansing, Robert, 230–31
Laos, 218
Laslett, Peter, 55
Lassalle, Ferdinand, 199n20
Layne, Christopher, 115
League of Nations, 127–28, 227n21, 238, 241
Lebanon, 240
Lecky, W. H., 71
Lee, Robert E.
Leggett, William, 92–95
Lenin, 14, 76, 114, 114n3, 165–67, 171, 187, 195–96, 198, 201–3, 205–7, 207n36
Marxism-Leninism, 166
Levasseur, Thérèse, 175
Levin, Ira, 251
liberalism, 7, 19–20, 22, 30n18, 45–46, 49, 54, 54n23, 55, 57–58, 61–68, 70–76, 78, 80–81, 94, 96–97, 99–100, 106, 110, 112, 116, 121, 155, 166, 177–78, 180, 191, 214n5, 228–29, 231–32, 235, 245, 255. See also social ism: democratic socialism; Levellers
Anglo-American liberalism, 55, 94
antiliberalism, 158
antiwar liberalism, 106
bourgeois liberalism, 52, 81
classical liberalism, 14, 19, 22, 41, 54. 61, 72, 77, 79, 81–82, 87, 94–95, 97–98, 100, 106–8, 111, 113, 116, 120, 130, 143, 145–46, 148, 163, 238, 246, 251–52, 255, 257
French liberalism, 7, 16, 78, 80, 82, 89
German liberalism, 7–8, 214n5, 245, 247–48, 251
laissez-faire liberalism, authentic liberalism, radical liberalism, 13–14, 42–44, 48, 53, 65, 92, 92n10, 112, 213. See also libertarianism
liberal class conflict theory, 86, 90, 95–96. See also class conflict liberal revolutions, 62, 252
Manchester school liberals, 98–99, 248
old liberalism vs new liberalism, 43–44
“state hatred,” 64
libertarianism, 7–9, 13, 16, 22–23, 45, 91, 97, 100, 113, 120, 124, 143, 146, 146n28, 148, 251. See also liberalism: laissez-faire liberalism
libertarian movement, 53–54
Liberty Fund, 100
liberty, individual liberty, 7–8, 17, 19, 26, 52, 54–55, 63, 66, 66n3, 68, 70, 81, 108, 118, 178, 244, 257
civil liberty, 66, 66n3, 114, 120, 143–44, 232, 232n30
Liberty Bonds, 244
“liberty cabbage” (sauerkraut), 233n32
“liberty steak” (hamburger), 233n32
Libya, 218
Lieberman, Joseph, 105
Lilburne, John, 51
List, Friedrich, 65
Lithuania, 213, 239
Livingston, Don, 227
Locke, John, 38–39, 45, 49, 53–54, 54n23, 55, 76, 109, 166, 177–78
Lord Acton, 13, 19, 25–26, 71, 254
Lord Rothschild, 241n3
Low Countries, 24–25, 29, 35. See also Belgium; Netherlands
Dukes of Burgundy, 35–36
Ludwig von Mises Institute, 7–8, 11, 14–16, 41, 47, 81, 177, 243, 247, 251, 254, 256–57
Luxemburg, Rosa, 201
Lycurgus, 179
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 61, 71, 143–46
MacMillan, John, 116n10
MacPherson, C. B., 52, 52n16
Madagascar, 218
Magyars, 104
Maistre, Joseph de, 188
male-dominated labor unions, 140
Malia, Martin, 166 – 67, 195, 205
Malthus, Thomas Robert, 77, 83, 140
Malthusian poverty trap, 21, 140
Manchester school liberals. See under liberalism
Mariana, Juan de, 47
Marquis de Condorcet (Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat), 58, 99, 111–12
Marx, Karl, Marxism, 14, 16, 32, 45–47, 65, 75, 79–80, 86–87, 95–96, 131, 137, 146, 154, 166–67, 173–74, 183–84, 187, 193–96, 198–99, 199n20, 200, 200n21, 201–6, 211, 214n5. See also Engels, Friedrich; Lenin: Marxism-Leninism
“alienation” 195–96. See also under rights
Paris Manuscripts, 194
Mathiez, Albert, 225
Mazzei, Phillip, 57
McKendrick, Neil, 141–42
McKinley, William, 228
McNamara, Robert, 242
McNeill, William, 24
Mencken, H. L., 75, 227, 227nn20–21, 233
mercantilism, 34, 37, 56, 72, 133. 245
merchant, 30–31, 34, 83, 100, 144, 159, 177
Merchant Adventurers company, 51
Middle Ages, 8, 14, 16, 23–24, 24n11, 25, 27–29, 31, 46, 52, 142, 188, 192. See also Renaissance
High Middle Ages, 28. See also under Saint Thomas Aquinas
late Middle Ages, 33, 36, 45, 48
militarism, 14, 96, 98, 229
Mill, James (Lord Palmerston), 62
Mill, John Stuart, 45, 65–67, 67n4, 68–72, 75, 77, 103–4, 108
Milton, John, 143–44
Ministry of Truth, 125. See also “memory hole”
Mirabeau (Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau), 246, 246n14
Mirandola, Giovanni Pico della, 46
Mises, Ludwig von, 7–8, 13, 21, 41, 43, 59, 97, 133, 153, 158–60, 165n13, 167, 173, 184n51, 204, 213, 213–14n5, 225, 255
Mises Institute. See Ludwig von Mises Institute
modernize, 35
Mohammed, 165
Molina, Luis de, 47–48
Molinari, Gustave de, 15, 89–91
monopoly, trust, 51, 63, 80, 94, 126, 128, 146
Montenegro, 220
Mont Pelerin Society, 13, 148–49
Moravia, 215
Morgan, J. P., House of Morgan, 234
Morley, John, 116
Morocco, 219
Moseley, Merritt W. Jr., 227n20
Moses, 179, 183
National Socialism, Nazis, 72–73, 124, 154, 157, 171–73, 207–10, 211–12, 238. See also Germany: Nazi Germany
Goebbels, Joseph, 244
Hitler, Adolph, 127–28, 165, 171–72, 208, 210, 213, 229–30, 244
Holocaust, 105, 208
SS, 99, 99n30
NATO, 106
Naumann, Friedrich, 43
Netherlands, 25, 35–36. See also Northern Netherlands
Dutch, 29, 33, 35–38, 38–39n28, 39, 49, 109
Dutch economic comeback, 37n25. See also “Wirtschaftswunder”
Dutch ports, 227
Dutch Protestants, 181
Dutch Republic, 37–38
revolt of the Dutch, 36–37, 49
New Deal, 84n43, 127
New Economic Policy, 167, 203
New Guinea, 217
New Testament, 26, 183
Nixon, Richard M., 235
nobility, 24, 81, 85, 94, 103, 130, 187, 191
nomenklatura, 95
noninterventionist, 67, 104, 112, 127. See also isolationist
North Caucasus Famine, 208
North, Douglass, 21, 168–70
Northern Netherlands, United Provinces, 36
Holland, 36–37
Groningen, 37
North Sea, 23, 33, 227
Nozick, Robert (“Bob”), 43, 146, 146n28, 156, 203
obligations and duties, 24, 217
objective theory of value (labor input), 47. See also subjective theory of value (utility)
Old Testament, 183
Orange Free State, 109
Ottoman Empire, 219–20, 240
Outlanders, 109
Overton, Richard, 51–54
Paine, Thomas (“Tom”), 54, 56, 56n29, 57, 61, 61n38, 99, 112
Palestine, 229, 240–41
Palmer, Alexander, Palmer raids, 234
Pan-Slavism, 220–21
Pantaleoni, Maffeo, 91
Pareto, Vilfredo, 15, 79, 79n32, 90–91, 258
“Pareto optimality,” 90
Paris Commune (1871), 183, 198
Paris Peace Conference, 122, 231, 238 parliaments, 24–25, 29. See also under Britain
Pearl Harbor, 242
peasant uprisings. See under China; Russia
Perle, Richard, 243
Philippines, Filipinos, 106, 217, 233, 242
Pipes, Daniel, 203
Pipes, Richard, 202–3, 207, 207n36
Pirenne, Henri, 225
Planned Parenthood, 124
Plato, 183
plutocrat, 94–95
antiplutocrat tradition in America, 95
Poland, 25, 57, 134–35, 195, 207, 207n36, 208, 239
Danzig, 239
Great Poland, 239
Polish Corridor, 239
Polish government, 195n12
Polish-Soviet war of 1919-20, 207
Poniatowski, King Stanislaw, 57
political decentralization, 14, 23, 27, 36 radical decentralization, 22
pope, papacy, 28, 28n14, 32, 175, 188, 191
Pope Urban V, 28n14
Pope Urban VIII, 28n14
population, 21, 29, 57, 86, 101, 115, 120, 129, 133–35, 135n34, 137, 140, 155, 172, 217, 220, 231, 233, 239, 248–50, 253, 255
limit of population, 133,140–41
population explosion, 133, 141
Pound, Ezra, 154
Presbyterians, 130, 181, 227
Preston, Ronald H., 28n15
Price, Richard, 54
Priestly, Joseph, 54
private property, 31, 33–34, 38, 45, 47, 52–53, 72, 143, 149, 166, 176–77, 182
Progressive movement, 126, 214n5, 229
protectionism, 14, 67, 90
protective tariffs, 91–92, 253–54
Protestant, 25, 36–37, 58, 180–81, 188, 192
Proudhon, 198, 200n21
Prussia, 57, 111, 213–14, 245–46. See also Germany
East Prussia, 222
Pufendorf, Samuel, 49
Quakers, 130
Raeder, Linda, 69–70
Raico, Ralph, 7–9, 11, 13–17, 30n18, 36n24, 37n25, 38n28, 41n1, 44n7, 46n8, 48n11, 58n32, 61n39, 73n19, 92n10, 93n14, 96n21, 97n25, 99n30, 108n45, 114n3, 134n33, 139n11, 146n28, 149n37, 157n51, 159n53, 165n13, 166n15, 178n41, 180n44, 184n51, 191n4, 208–9n38, 216n7, 226n19, 232n30, 249n20
Rand, Ayn, 46n8, 84n43, 133, 133n32, 153, 159, 203
Rawls, John, 43
Reeve, Henry, 61
Reformation, 36, 188, 192
Post-Reformation, 25
religion, 38, 51, 63, 70–71, 102, 155, 180, 189, 191–92
Civil Religion, 180
establishment of religion, 62–63, 86
freedom of religion, 62, 252
Religion of Humanity, secular religion, 190n3
separation of religion and state, 52
Renaissance, 45–46
Italian Renaissance, 46
Renaissance humanists, 28
Republican Party. See under United States
revolutionary movements, 157
Revolutionary War (American), 50
Rhodes, Cecil, 110
Ricardo, David, 47, 77, 83
Richter, Eugen, 7, 248
right centrists, center-right people, 122. See also “extreme right-wing”
rights, rights of individuals, individual rights, universal natural rights, 21, 23, 26, 26n12, 30, 31–33, 52, 55, 59, 78, 80, 94, 106, 108–9, 112, 114–15, 118, 168, 176, 178, 190, 224, 232, 241, 252, 252n24, 253–54
alienation of, 178. See also under Marx, Karl
charters of rights, 25. See also Bill of Rights, Declaration of the Rights of Man, Magna Carta
civil rights, 55, 234. See also under liberty
human rights, 232n30, 120
neutral rights, rights of neutral countries, 229–30
property rights, 30n18, 34–36
woman’s rights, “reproduction rights” (abortion, birth control, etc.), 124
Rio de Oro, 217
robber barons, 85, 126–27
Roberts, Paul Craig, 123–24, 195–96, 203
Robespierre, 182, 225
Rockwell, Lew, 7, 11, 14, 251
Roman Empire, Roman Republic, Rome, Romans, 23, 27, 32, 48, 85, 85n44, 102, 159, 179, 199
Colosseum sacrifices, 27
Romanians, 104–5, 215, 221
Roosevelt, Franklin, 43, 127, 228, 228n23, 242, 244, 25
Roosevelt, Teddy, 126
Roover, Raymond de, 46
Rosenberg, Nathan, 135
Rothbard, Murray, 7, 14, 46–47, 53, 57, 59, 61, 61n39, 77, 83–84, 84n43, 90–91, 96, 97n22, 120, 165n13, 194, 229, 255
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 14, 16, 38n28, 59, 69, 78, 174–83
“The Lawgiver” vs “The Legislator,” 178–79
Ruby Ridge, Weaver family, 256, 256n30
Rumbold, Richard, 53
Rummel, R. J., 113–14, 114nn2–3, 115, 117–19, 122
Russell, Bertrand, 154, 224–25
Russia, 24, 27, 31–32, 57, 74, 76, 98n27, 104–5, 134–35, 166–67, 195, 200–4, 206–10, 213–14, 216–18, 220–23, 239, 241, 245. See also Soviet Union
Catherine the Great, 35, 57
Great Russia, 220
Minsk, 209
“October Revolution,” “Great October,” “Red October,” 166, 202
peasant uprisings, 30n18
Peter and Paul Fortress, 198
Peter the Great, 35
Red Guards, 203
Russian Civil War, 203
Russian dissident, 168n19
Russian Empire, 217–18, 238
Russian government, 220
Saint Petersburg, 35, 198, 222, 224
tsar, 27, 166, 198, 202, 223
White Russia. See Belarus
Ryan, Alan, 67
Sabine, George, 66
Sadler Report, 131n26
Saint Ambrose, 25–26
Saint Augustine, 26–27
City of God, 27, 181
Saint Thomas Aquinas, 28
Scholastic philosophy, 28–29. See also Iberian Scholastic school
Thomism, 45
Saint-Simon, Henri de, Saint-Simonians, 78, 153, 184–85, 187–94
San Francisco, 19, 131
Satan, 141, 144
Saudi Arabia, House of Saud, 240
Say, Jean-Baptiste, 80, 82–84, 96
Schlieffen plan. See under von Schlieffen Schneider-Creusot (French arms company), 219
Schoeck, Helmut, 161–63
the School of Salamanca, 28, 46
Schumpeter, Joseph, 42, 59, 59n34, 91, 109, 109n46, 149, 149n37, 152, 154–58, 165, 170
Schurz, Karl, 107
secession, 253–56
Sen, Amartya, 170, 170n26
Serbia, Serbians, 105, 215, 220–22
Greater Serbia, 220
Serbs, 104–6, 215, 220, 222
Sharon, Ariel, 255
Shaw, George Bernard, 157
Sherman Antitrust Law, 126
Sherman (General), 254
Shiite Muslims. See Arab Muslims
Siberia, 199
Sinclair, Upton, 157
Skidelsky, Lord Robert. 75–76, 81
Škoda (Austrian arms company), 219
slavery, 33n21, 67–68, 80, 89, 96, 115, 123, 129–30, 177, 181, 199–200, 253–54, 256
slave labor camps, 208
wage slaves, 193
Slovaks, 104, 215, 221, 239
Smith, Adam, 58–59, 59n34, 60, 65, 77–78, 83, 106, 147, 166, 179
Smith, Goldwin, 103
Smith, Sydney, 61, 106
Smith, Winston, 125
social contract, society of contract, 158, 177–78, 181. See also Locke, John; Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
socialism, 14, 44–45, 73, 75–76, 92n10, 94, 144–45, 150, 150n38, 153, 158, 160–61, 166–67, 171, 174, 176, 182–85, 187, 193, 196, 200–3, 206, 214n5, 234, 238, 244–45, 247. See also liberalism
American Socialist Party, 233–34
Bohemian socialism, 185
democratic socialism, social democrats, social democracy, 42, 44, 65. See also Canada: Labor Party; England: Social Democratic Party; Germany: Social Democratic Party; United States: Democrat Party
Marxist socialism, 200
National Socialism (Italian fascism, German Nazism), 75, 154, 157, 171, 207, 211
protosocialism, 180
utopian socialist, 78, 161, 174, 183–84, 187
society, 20, 30n18, 35, 37, 43–45, 54–56, 56n29, 57, 59–61, 61n38, 63–64, 68, 70, 72, 78–80, 83–84, 85, 87, 92, 95, 97, 107–9, 114, 118, 123–24, 126, 133, 145–46, 151, 154–55, 158, 161–62, 165, 167–68, 174, 176, 176n33, 177–80, 184–85, 190–93, 196–98, 200–1, 204–5, 212, 220–22, 249–50
agricultural society, 30
American society, 92, 120
ancient society, 191
bourgeois society, 38n28
British society, English society, English Victorian society, 70, 125, 130, 188
capitalist society, Western society, 155, 162, 174, 184n51
civil society, 21, 43, 45, 57, 64, 108, 166, 176n33, 212
classless society, 95, 162
communist society, 196, 198, 200, 204
consumer society, 150
European society, 188
feudal society, 191
free society, laissez-faire society, 49, 56, 84n43, 111, 114, 120, 166
French society, 87
future society, 196
Greek society, 190
liberal society, 145
modern society, 110, 188, 191
organic society, 190–92
planned society, 196–97, 201, 205
salon society, 175
society of status vs society of contract, 158
static society, society of total stability and adherence to the status quo, 145, 188–89
utopian society, ideal society, 161, 179, 184
sociology, sociologist, 41, 82, 107, 149, 154, 156, 161, 179, 189, 190n3, 225
Solon, 179
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 209
Somalia, 218
South America, 162
Southern Constitution, 253. See also American Civil War; Confederate States of America
Southey, Robert, 142–45
Soviet Union, 72–74, 76, 95, 113–14, 114n2, 115, 119, 150, 150n38, 165–68, 168n19, 195, 201–3, 205–10
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 203
Red Terror of the Cheka, 206, 208 “samizdat,” 167
Soviet communism, 74, 81, 208–9, 153, 166, 168, 208
Soviet gulag, 16
“Soviet man,” 70
Sozialpolitik, 214n5, 247n16
Spain, Spanish, Spaniards, 20, 35–37, 47–48, 61, 106–8, 108n45, 145, 200, 213, 217, 252, 256. See also under Habsburgs; Jews
armada, 37
Basques, 256
Castile, the Cortes, 24, 48, 108
Catalans, 256
Philip II, 37
Spanish Civil War, 200
Spanish Empire, 36–37
Spanish Inquisition, 36
Spanish monarchy, Spanish crown, 36, 48
Spanish Netherlands, 36
Spanish Scholastics, 49, 59, 108. See also School of Salamanca
Spanish-American War, 106, 217, 228
Spencer, Herbert, 53, 108–110, 117–18, 122
Spinoza, Baruch, 38
Stalin, Stalinism, 73–76, 114, 114n3, 117, 154, 165, 167, 205, 209–10
standing army, 56, 96, 107, 202
state of nature, 54
Stationers’ Company, 51
Stewart, Dugald, 60–62, 106
Stigler, George, 7, 150, 156, 163–65, 168–69
stock exchange, 34
Stone, Norman, 171
Stromberg, Joseph (“Joe”), 80, 232
Stromberg, Roland, 225–27
Suarez, Francisco, 47, 49
subjective theory of value (utility), 47. See also objective theory of value (labor input)
Sudetenland, 215, 239
suicidal pacifism. 110
Sumner, William Graham, 94, 107–8, 120, 122
Sunni Muslims. See Arab Muslims
Supreme Court. See United States: US Supreme Court
Switzerland, 112, 202, 225
Talleyrand (Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord), 237
Tanganyika, 217
Tawney, R. H., 225
taxation, taxes, 23, 25, 28, 28nn14–15, 29–30, 30n18, 36, 47–48, 50, 52, 60, 62, 80, 83, 100, 107–8, 118, 120, 132, 145, 159, 173, 248, 250–51
“tax-eating” classes vs “tax-paying” classes, 99
taxpayers, 24, 29, 50, 109, 120, 250
Taylor, Harriet, 68–70
Taylor, John, 92
Templeton, Kenneth, 61n39
terrorist, 105, 182
“terrorists” vs “freedom fighters,” 222
Thierry, Augustin, 71, 82
Third Reich. See under Germany
Third Republic. See under France
Thompson, E. P., 137–38, 138n4
Tönnies, Friedrich, 225
totalitarian, 31, 71–72, 78, 119
Toynbee, Arnold, 225
Transvaal, 109
Transylvania, 215, 221
Treaty of Versailles, 122, 127, 238–40
Trenchard, John, 54, 54n23. See also Gordon, John
Triple Alliance, 216, 218
Triple Entente, 122, 217, 237–38
Trotsky, Leon, Trotskyists, 73, 144, 153, 198, 203–5, 207
Truman, Harry, 244
Tucker, Jeffrey (“Jeff ”), 211
Tunisia, 216
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, 57, 59, 64, 77, 97, 111, 166
Turner, Henry Ashby, 172–73
Ukraine, 30
Ukrainian famine, 73, 76, 208
unionized workers, 91
United Kingdom, 98n27, 101n36, 241n3
United States, 29, 41–42, 45, 86, 92, 101, 104–8, 115–16, 118–20, 123–24, 126–28, 155, 169, 195n11, 199n18, 209n38, 212, 225–26, 229, 231–32, 241, 243, 253, 255
“American System,” 92
CIA, 119, 122
Democratic Party, 45
NSA, 119
Pentagon, 98
Republican Party, 121, 249
US Congress, 62, 122, 130 – 31, 137, 252, 255
US Constitution, 252–53. See also Bill of Rights; constitution; Fourteenth Amendment
US invasion of Iraq (2003), 125n22, 195n11, 233n32
US Senate, 127
US State Department, 105, 228n25
US Supreme Court, 232, 253, 255
Upper Silesia, 239
USS Liberty, 117
Van Dyke, 25
Vickers (British arms company), 219
Vietnam, 105, 129, 218, 242
Vietnam War, 105, 242–43
Villalobos, Henrique de, 48
Viner, Jacob, 28
Vitoria, Francisco di, 47, 49
Voltaire, 64, 174–77
von Schlieffen, 221
von Schlieffen plan, 221, 223, 226
von Westphalen, 193
Waco Massacre. See Branch Davidians
Walwyn, William, 51
War Industries Board, 231
Washington (DC), 122, 212, 231, 244, 250, 254, 257
Washington, George, 100, 212
Waterloo. 62, 132
Webb, Beatrice, 73, 74–76
Webb, Sidney, 74–76
Weinberger, Otto, 90n5
welfare state, 16, 148, 157, 213, 244–46, 248–49, 249n20, 250
Polizeistaat, 245
“social state,” 248
Wells, H. G., 158
Western Christendom, Latin Christendom, 29, 157
White Russia, 209. See also Belarus
Wiesel, Eli, 105
William Volcker Fund, 61n39
Wilson, Edmund, 214
Wilson, Woodrow, 14, 127, 174, 226– 27, 227nn20–21, 228–29, 230n26, 231, 233–35, 237–38
“Fourteen Points” speech, 237
neo-Wilsonian, neo-Wilsonianism, 113, 229
Wilsonianism, 112
Winstanley, Gerrard, 52
Wirtschaftswunder (European economic miracle), 37, 37n25, 55, 60, 166, 168, 176, 180, 183, 187, 188, 193, 198–99, 201–2. See also under Netherlands
Wolfowitz, Paul, 243
World War I, First World War, 96, 116, 122, 127, 157, 166, 211–13, 215–18, 224, 226, 231–32, 233n32, 241
First Battle of the Marne, 226
World War II, Second World War, 37n25, 92, 92n10, 105, 122, 127, 129, 171, 199, 231–32, 232n3, 237, 239, 242
Yugoslavia, 105, 199, 220
Zionists, 121, 241
Zola, Émile, 157
