The Principles of Ethics: Anthology
References
To find the authority for any statement in the text, the reader is to proceed as follows:—Observing the number of the section in which the statement occurs, he will first look out, in the following pages, the corresponding number, which is printed in conspicuous type. Among the references succeeding this number, he will then look for the name of the tribe, people, or nation concerning which the statement is made (the names in the references standing in the same order as that which they have in the text); and that it may more readily catch the eye, each such name is printed in Italics. In the parenthesis following the name, will be found the volume and page of the work referred to, preceded by the first three or four letters of the author’s name; and where more than one of his works has been used, the first three or four letters of the title of the one containing the particular statement. The meanings of these abbreviations, employed to save the space that would be occupied by frequent repetitions of full titles, is shown at the end of the references: where will be found arranged in alphabetical order, these initial syllables of authors’ names, etc., and opposite to them the full titles of the works referred to.
§253. Cimmarróns (Osw. 61)
—Wolves (Rom. 436).
§ 254. Beavers (Dal. in C. N. H. iii, 99)
—Crows and Rooks (Rom. 323-5).
§ 255. Bisons (Rom. 334-5)
—Elephants (Rom. 400-1)
—Monkeys (Gill. 170).
§ 259. Mors (Dalt. in J. A. S. B. xiv, 426).
§ 268. Dogribs (Lub. 509)
—Fuegians (Wed. 175)
—Greeks (Pla. Jow. 229).
§ 269. Communists (Lav. in Contemporary Review, Feb. 1890; Bel. 101).
§ 271. Germany (Daily Papers, Feb. 1890).
§ 276. Lepchas (Camp, in J. E. S. L. July, 1869)
—Hos (Dalt. 206)
—Wood-Veddah (Tenn. ii, 444)
—Kant (Ka. 54-5).
§ 277. Austin (Aust. 30).
§ 279. Benthamism (Mill, 93; Bel. in Cont. Rev., July, 1890).
§ 285. Fijians (Will, i, 112)
—Wends (Grimm, 488)
—Herulians (Grimm, 487)
—Creeks (Gro. ii, 33)
—Europeans (Grimm, 289; Green, 13)
—English (Steph. ii, 204, 209).
§ 286. Early Germans, &c. (Mai. 370)
—Anc. Russia (Holtz, i, 225-6).
§ 290. Abors. (Dalt. in J. A. S. B. xiv, 426)
—JSFagas (Stew, in J. A. S. B. xxiv, 608)
—Lepchas (Camp, in J. E. S. L. July, 1869)
—Jakuns (Fav. in J. I. A. ii)-
§ 291. Fijians (Ersk. 492)
—Hebrews (Ex. xxi; Deut. xv; Lev. xxv. 45, 46)
—Christians (1 Cor. vii, 21)
—Greeks (Gro. ii, 37, 468-9)
—Spartans (Gro. ii. 309)
—English (Green, 56, 91, 90, 247)
—Artizans (Mart, i, 343).
§ 297. Suanetians (Fresh, in P. R. G. S. June, 1888, p. 335)
—Dahomans (Burt, i, 260).
§ 299. Locke (Sec. Treat, on Gov. § 27)
—Comanches (Scho. i, 232)
—Chippewayans (Scho. v. 177)
—Irish (Green, 431)
—China (Wil. i, 1-2)
—India Lav. 310, etc.).
§ 300. Maine (Mai. 164).
§ 305. Ramans (Cop. 2)
—English (Rob. in Ency. Brit., art. “Copyright”).
§ 306. Monopolies (Hayd. 489).
§307. Roman Law (Tat. 154-5)
—Buddhists (Pat. 181, note)
—English (Pat. 53).
§ 308. English (13 Eliz. c. 5; 29 Eliz c. 5).
§ 309. Polynesians (Ell. P. R. ii, 346; Tho. i, 96)
—Sumatra (Mars. 244)
—Hottenlols (Kolb, i, 300)
—Damaras (And. 228)
—Gold Coast (J. E. S. (1856) IV, 20j
—Congo (Proy. in Pink, xvi, 571)
—Eghas (Burt. Abeokuta, i, 208)
—Timbuctoo (Shab. 18)
—Ashantis (Bee. 117)
—Arabs (Burck. i, 131)
—Todas (Mar. 206)
—Gonds (His. 12)
—Bodo and Dhimals (Hodg. in J. A. S. B. xviii, 718)
—Kasias (Iluok. ii, 275)
—Karens (Mas. in J. A. S. B. xxxvii, pt. ii, 142)
—Mishmis (Grif. 35)
—Primitive Germans (Tac, Germ, xx)
—Celts (Bello, iii, 398)
—Saxons and Frisians (König. 152-3)
—Merovingians (Konig. 158-60)
—France (Civil Code, § 967, etc.)
§ 314. Polynesians (U. S. Ex. Ex. iii, 22; Ang. ii, 50; Ell. Hawaii, 390; St. John, ii, 260)
—Bechuanas (Burch, ii, 395)
—Inland Negroes (Land, i, 250)
—Ashantis (Bee. 148)
—Shoa (Harr. ii, 26)
—Congo (Proy. in Pink, xvi, 578)
—Dahomans (Burt. Miss, i, 52)
—Fulahs (Wint. i, 170)
—Hebrews (Deut. xxii, 8, etc.)
—Phoenicians (Möv. ii, 108-110)
—Mexicans (Zur. 223)
—Cent. Americans (Xim. 203; Pala. 84; Sqi. ii, 341)
—Patagonians (Fitz. ii, 150)
—Mundrucus (Bates, 274)
—Diocletian (Lév. i, 82-3).
§ 315. Hebrews (Deut. xxiii, 19-20)
—Cicero (Am. 50)
—England (Ree. iii, 292; Steph. Com. ii, 90(
—France (Lee. Rationalism, 293-4).
§317. England (Cunn. 200; Thor, i, 118; Craik, i, 108-9; Rog. i, 575; Ree. iii, 262, 590; Piet. Hist, ii, 809, 812, viii, 635)
—France (Tocque. 427; Lév. iii, 286).
§ 319. Guinea (Bast, iii, 225)
—Fijians (Lub. 357; Ersk. 450; Will, i, 121)
—Greeks (Plato: Laws, bk. x; Smith, Class. Diet. 714; Ency. Brit, ii, 1).
§ 323. Henry IV. (Green, 258)
—Nonconformists (Green, 609-13)
—Athenians (Pat. 76)
—Romans (Pat. 77)
—English (Pat. 79, 94)
—Plato (Pat. 50)
—English (Pat. 50-1).
§ 335. Fijians (Will, i, 210)
—Fuegians (Fitz. Voyage, ii, 2)
—Australians (Trans. Eth. Soc. N. S. iii, 248, 288)
—Egyptians (Ebers, i, 307-8)
—Aryans (Tac. Germ, xviii)
—Prim. Germans (Gri. 450)
—Early Teutons (Mai. 153)
—Old English (Lapp, ii, 338-9)
—Romans (Hunt. 32-3)
—Fulc the Black (Green, 95).
§ 340. Greeks and Romans (Lee. ii, 26)
—Teutons and Celts (Gri. 455, etc.). Fuegians (Fitz. ii, 171)
—New Guinea (Kolff, 301)
—New Zealanders (Cook’s Last Voy. 54)
—Dyaks (Broo. i, 75)
—Malagasy (Wai. ii, 437)
—Hebrews (Ex. xxi, 7; 2 Kings iv, 1; Job xxiv, 9)
—Romans (Lee. ii, 31)
—Celts (König 86-7)
—Germans (Gri. 461)
—Romans (Hunt. 29; König. 87)
—France (Bern. 189-193; Gonc. 10-12; Bern. 161)
§347. Esquimaux (Hear. 161)
—Greeks (Gro. ii, 468)
—Bodo, Dhimal and Kocch (Hodg. 157; Hodg. in J. A. S. B. xviii, 741).
§ 356. Esquimaux (Cran. i, 164-5)
—Fuegians (Wed. 168)
—Veddahs (Tenn. ii, 440)
—Tasmanians (Bon. 81)
—Mountain Snakes (Ross, i, 250)
—Fish-eaters (Sclio. i, 207)
—Shirry-dikas (Lew. & Clarke, 306)
—Comanehes (Scho. ii, 127).
§ 357. Snakes (Lew. & Clark, 306)
—Creeks (Scho. v, 277)
—Dacotahs (Sclio. ii, 183-5)
—Comanehes (Scho. i, 231)
—Uaupés (Wal. 499)
—Patagonians (Falk. 123)
—Araucanians (Thomp. i, 405)
—Bechuanas (Licht. ii, 329)
—East Africans (Burt. C. A. ii, 365)
—Coast Negroes (J. E. S. 1848, i, 215; Wint. i, 127)
—Abyssinia (Park, ii, 236-8)
—Arabs (Palg. 53; Burck. i, 284)
—Bhils (Mai. i, 576)
—Khonds (Macph. 44)
—Karens (Mas. in J. A. S. B. xxxvii, Pt. II, 142)
—Early Teutons (Kemb. i, 268, 272; Thor, i, 447)
—English (Green, 197)
—French (Gué. ccviii).
§ 362. Paternal Government (Mai. 133).
§ 363. Plato (Laws, bks. vi, vii; Rep. bk. v)
—Aristotle (Rep. bk. vii, 14-16)
—Plato (Rep. iv, 19)
—Aristotle (Rep. bk. vii, 9-10).
§ 366. Feudalism (Bonne, i, 269)
—Fiji (Will, i, 30)
—Church-and-King Mob (IIux. 103).
§ 376. Thieves (Daily Papers: date lost).
§ 377. Shrewsbury (Jev. 37).
§ 378. Penny Post (Ency. Brit, xix, 565)
—Boy Messengers Co. (Daily Papers, March, 1891).
§ 421. Ptah-hotep (see Records of the Past, 2nd Series, iii, 20).
§ 455. Mansion House Fund, &c. (Annual Report of Charity Organization Society, 1885-6, pp. 14, 20; Charity Organization Review, May, 1892).
§ 464. Gold Coast (Bee. 229).
§ 468. American on Party-Government (R. W. Tayler, in Brooklyn Ethical Association Lectures, 1892, p. 503).
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Arn.—Arnold (W. T.) Roman Provincial Administration. London, 1879.
Aust.—Austin (John) The Province of Jurisprudence determined. 2nd Ed. 8vo. London, 1861.
Bast.—Bastian (A.) Der Mensch in der Geschichte. 3 vols.
Bates.—Bates (H. W.) The Naturalist on the River Amazon. 2nd Ed. London, 1864.
Bee.—Beecham (J.) Ashanti and the Gold Coast.
Bel.—Bellamy (E.) Looking Backward.
Bel.—Bellamy in Contemporary Review.
Bello.—Belloguet (R. Baron de) Ethnogénie Gauloise.
Bern.—Bernard (P.) Histoire de l’Autorité paternelle en France. Montdidiev, 1863.
Bon.—Bonnemère (E.) Histoire des Paysans. 2nd Ed. 2 vols. Paris, 1874.
Bonw.—Bonwick (J,) Daily Life and Origin of the Tasmanians. 8vo. London, 1870.
Broo.—Brooke (C.) Ten Years in Saráwak.
Burch.—Burchell (W. J.) Travels into the Interior of Southern Africa.
Burck.—Burekhardt (J. L.) Notes on Bedouins and Wahábys. London, 1831.
Burt.—Burton (R. F.) Abeokuta and the Cameroon Mountains. 2 vols. 1863.
„ „ The Lake Regions of Central Africa. 2 vols. 8vo. 1860.
„ „ Mission to Gelele, King of Dahomey. London, 1864.
C. N. H.—Cassell’s Natural History, ed. by P. M. Duncan. 6 vols. roy. 8vo. London, 18 [77]-1883.
Camp.—Campbell in Journal of the Ethnological Society, London.
Cook.—Journal of Captain Cook’s Last Voyage, 1776-79. London, 1781.
Cop.—Copinger (W. A.) The Law of Copyright. 2nd Ed.
Craik.—Craik (G. L.) History of English Commerce. 1844.
Cran.—Crantz (D.) History of Greenland. London, 1820.
Cunn.—Cunningham (W.) The Growth of English Industry and Commerce, etc. 8vo. Cambridge, 1890.
Dal.—Dallas in Cassell’s Natural History.
Dalt.—Dalton (Col. E. J.) Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal. Calcutta, 1872.
Dalt.—Dalton in Journal of the Asiatic Society, Bengal.
Ebers.—Ebers (Gr.) Aegypten und die Bücher Moses. Leipzig, 18G8.
Ell.—Ellis (Rev-. W.) Narrative of a Tour through Hawaii. 1827.
„ „ Polynesian Researches. 1829.
Ency. Brit.—Encyclopædia Britannica. 9th Ed.
Ersk.—Erskine (Capt. J. E.) Journal of a Cruize among the Islands of the Western Pacific. 8vo. 1853.
Falk.—Falkner (T.) Description of Patagonia.
Fav.—Favre (Rev. P.) in Journal of the Indian Archipelago. Vol. II. Singapore.
Fitz.—Fitzroy (Admiral) Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of the ‘Adventure’ and ‘Beagle,’ etc. London, 1839-40.
Fresh.—Freshfield (D.) in Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society.
Gill.—Gillmore (P.) The Hunter’s Arcadia.
Gone.—Goncourt (E. & J. de) La Femme au XVIIIe Siècle. 8vo. 1862.
Green.—Green (J. R.) A Short History of the English People. 1880.
Gri.—Grimm (Jacob) Deutsche Rechtsalterthilmer. Gottingen, 1828.
Grif.—Griffith (W.) Journal of Travels in Assam, etc. Calcutta, 1847.
Gro.—Grote (G.) A History of Greece. 10 vols. 4th Ed.
Gué.—Guérard (B.) Cartulain de l’abbaye de St. Père de Chartres. 2 vols. Paris, 1840.
Harr.—Harris (W. C.) Highlands of Æthiopia. London, 1844.
Hay.—Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates. 12th Ed., by Vincent. London, 1866.
Hear.—Hearne (S.) Journey from Prince of Wales’s Fort, etc. Dublin, 1796.
His.—Hislop (Rev. S.) Aboriginal Tribes of the Central Provinces. 1860.
Hodg.—Hodgson (B. H.) Kocch, Bodo and Dhimál Tribes. Calcutta.
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Holtz.—Holtzendorf-Vietmannsdorf (F. von) Handbuch des deutschen Straf-rechts. 4 vols. 8vo. Berlin, 1871.
Hook.—Hooker (J. D.) Himalayan Journals. 2 vols. 8vo. 1854.
Hunt.—Hunter (W. A.) Introduction to Roman Law. London, 1880.
Hux.—Huxley (T. H.) Science and Culture, and other Essays. London, 1881.
J. A. S. B.—Journal of the Asiatic Society, Bengal.
J. E. S. L.—Journal of the Ethnological Society, London.
Jev.—Jevons (W. Stanley) The State in Relation to Labour. London, 1882.
Ka.—Kant’s (E.) Theory of Ethics. Trans, by T. K. Abbott. London, 1873.
Kemb.—Kemble (J. M.) The Saxons in England. 2 vols. 8vo. 1849.
Kolb.—Kolben (P.) Present State of the Cape of Good Hope. Trans, by Medley. 1731.
Kolff.—Kolff (D. H.) Voyages of the Dutch Brig the ‘Dourga’ through the Molucca Archipelago, etc. Trans, by G. W. Earl 1840.
König.—Königswarter (L. J.) Histoire de l’organisation de la Famille en France. Paris, 1851.
Land.—Lander (R.) Journal of an Expedition to the Course and Termination of the Niger. London, 1832.
Lapp.—Lappenberg (J. M.) England under the Saxon Kings. Trans. by B. Thorpe. 2 vols. 8vo. 1845.
Lav—Laveleye (E. de) in The Contemporary Review.
„ „ Primitive Property. London, 1878.
Lee.—Lecky (W. E. H.) History of European Morals. 3rd Ed. 2 vols. London, 1877.
Lee—Lecky (W. E. H.) On Rationalism in Europe. 2 vols. 8vo. 1865.
Lév.—Lévasseur (C.) Histoire des classes ouvrières. 1st and 2nd series. 4 vols Paris, 1859-67.
Lew.—Lewis (M.) and Capt. Clarke. Travels to the Source of the Missouri, etc. London, 1814.
Licht.—Lichtenstein (H.) Travels in Southern Africa in the Years 1803-1806.
Trans, by A. Plumptre. 2 vols. 4to. 1812-15.
Locke.—Locke (J.) Two-Treatises of Government. 5th Ed. London, 1728.
Lub.—Lubbock (Sir J.) Pre-Historic Times. 2nd Ed. 8vo. London, 1S69.
Macph.—Macpherson (Lieut.) Report upon the Khonds of Ganjam and Cuttack. Calcutta, 1842.
Mai.—Maine (Sir H. S.) Ancient Law. 3rd Ed. London, 1866.
Mai.—Malcolm (Sir J.) Memoir of Central Asia. London, 1823.
Mar.—Marsden (W.) History of Sumatra.
Marsh.—Marshall (Lieut.-Col. W. E.) A Phrenologist amongst the Todas. London, 1873.
Mart—Martineau (H.) History of England during the Thirty Years’ Peace 1849-50.
Mas—Mason in Journal of the Asiatic Society, Bengal.
Mill.—Mill (John Stuart) Utilitarianism. 2nd Ed. 8vo. London, 1864.
Möv.—Mövers (D F C.) Die Phönizier. 2 vols. in 4, 8vo. Bonn, 1841-56.
Osw.—Oswald (F.) Zoological Sketches.
Pala.—Palacio. San Salvador and Honduras in 1576 (in Squier, Collection No. 1).
Palg.—Palgrave (W. G.) Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia. London, 1865.
Park.—Parkyns (M.) Life in Abyssinia, etc. 2 vols. 8vo. 1853.
Pat.—Paterson (J.) The Liberty of the Press, etc. London, 1880.
Pict. Hist.—Pictorial History of England. 6 vols. 1837-41.
Pla. Jow.—Plato’s Republic. Trans, by B. Jowett. 2nd Ed. 8vo. Oxford, 1881.
Proy.—Proyart (Abbé) History of Loango. (In Pinkerton’s Collection, XVI.)
Ree.—Reeves (J.) History of the English Law. Ed Finlason. 3 vols. Svo 1869.
Rob.—Robertson in Encyclopædia Britannica. 9th Ed.
Rog.—Rogers (J. E. T.) History of Agriculture and Prices in England Vol. I. 1866.
Rom.—Romanes (G. J.) Animal Intelligence. 8vo. London, 1882.
Ross.—Ross (Alex) Fur Hunters of Far West. London, 1855.
St. John.—St. John (S.) Life in the Forests of the Far East.
Scho.—Schoolcraft (H. R.) Information respecting the Indian Tribes of the United States. 5 vols. 4to. London, 1853-6.
Shab.—Shabeeny (El Hage abd Salam) Account of Timbuctoo, etc. pub. by J. G. Jackson. 1820.
Squi.—Squier (E. G.) Nicaragua. New York, 1852.
Steph.—Stephen (H. J.) New Commentaries on the Laws of England. 6th Ed
Steph.—Stephen (J. F.) A History of the Criminal Law of England. 3 vols. 8 vo. 1883.
Stew.—Stewart in Journal of the Asiatic Society, Bengal.
Tac.—Taciti (C. C.) Germania. Trans, by Aikin. Warrington, 1777.
Term.—Tennant (Sir J. E.) Ceylon: An Account of the Island, etc. 3rd Ed. London, 1859.
Thomp.—Thompson (G. A) Alcedo’s Geographical and Historical Dictionary of America, etc. London, 1812.
Thoms.—Thomson (Dr. A. S.) The Story of New Zealand, etc. 2 vols. 8vo. 1859.
Thor.—Thorpe (B.) Ancient Laws and Institutions.
Tocque.—Tocqueville (A. de) The State of Society in France before the Revolution. Trans, by Reeve. 8vo. London, 1856.
U. S. Ex. Ex.—Narrative of the United States’ Exploring Expedition, by Commander C. Wilkes. 5 vols. Philad., 1845.
Wai.—Waitz (T.) Anthropologie.
Wal.—Wallace (A. R.) Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, etc. 8vo. London, 1853.
Wed.—Weddell (James) Voyage towards the South Pole. 1825.
Wil.—Williams (S. W.) The Middle Kingdom. 2 vols. New York.
Will.—Williams (Rev. T.) and J. Calvert. Fiji and the Fijians. 2 vols. 8vo. 1858.
Wint.—Winterbottom (T.) Account of the native Africans in the neighbourhood of Sierra Leone. London, 1803.
Xim.—Ximenez (F.) Las Historias del Origen de los Indios de Guatemala [1721]. Publ. por C. Sherzer. Viena, 1857.
Zur.—Zurita (Al. de) Rapport sur les dijférentes classes de chefs de la Nouvelle-Espagne. Trad, par H. Ternaux-Compans. Paris, 1840.
SUBJECT-INDEX.
(For this Index the Author Is indebted to F. Howard Collins, Esq., of Edgbaston, Birmingham.)
Ability: and freedom, II, 157-9; restraints on display, 307-12; approbation, 307-8; controversy, 308-10, 310, 311; games, 310; social intercourse, 310-2.
Absolute Ethics (see Ethics).
Abstraction: of language, I, 35; belief in causation, 47; idea of colour, 124.
Accidents, help in, II, 360.
Activity: I, 485-92: and life, 485-6; needful, 486-7; labour and pleasure, 487-8; and constitution, 488-90; limitation, 490-1, 491-2.
Acts, adjustment to ends (see Conduct).
Acts of Parliament (see Law).
Adam, curse of labour, I, 430.
Adaptation: of future evolution, I, 182-6, 249, 307; benefits of, 188, 198; egoism and general happiness, 189-91, 198; pure altruism, 229-31, 237; development of sympathy, 244-46; absolute ethics, 275; organic evolution, 296; altruism of insects, 300-2; and sleep, 497; and labor, 490-1; justice and freedom, II, 151-2; evolution and ethics, 25-6; of social units, 258-9; sensational, emotional, and social, 26-7.
Admiralty, officialism, II, 232.
Adultery (see Chastity).
Æsthetics: altruistic development, I, 214, 217; pleasure of, 263, 524-7; altruism, 522, 530.
Æstho-physiology, and psychology, I, 78.
Age, effect on pleasure, I, 213; age, marriage, 537; eyesight, 495-6; effects of greater, II, 19.
Aggression: I, 340-51; infanticide, 340-1; private homicide, 341-3; war, 343-7; enmity and amity, 347-50; summary ana induction, 350-1; and revenge, 361-2; and justice, 369; family, 369-72 5 individual, 372-3.
Agnosticism: J. L. Davies on, II, 445-50.
Agriculture: officialism, II, 241; and free contracts, 288-9, 289.
Air: right to use, II, 80-1, 81-2, 82-4, 92, 152.
Allen, Grant, Physiological Æsthetics, I, 524-5.
Alms, generosity and giving, I, 386-7.
Alpine climbing, II, 364-5.
Altruism: egoism prior to, I, 187, 189, 197; defined, 201; evolution with egoism, 201-4, 215; evolution of social, 204-6, 216; egoism, and maintenance of justice, 206-8, 216; personal advantages of, 208-11, 217; social government, 208, 216; aids egoistic enjoyment, 211, 212-15, 217; universality of social, 217; heredity, 218; two forms of, 219; “greatest-happiness principle,” 220, 235; as public policy, 221-4, 235; also as private, 224-6, 235; egoism needful, 227-9, 236; physical simile, 228; pure, and evolution, 229-31. 236; transfer of happiness, 231-3, 236; universal adoption of pure, 233-5, 236; summary of “greatest-happiness principle,” 235-7; compromise with egoism, 237-41; evolution and conciliation of interests, 242-4; sympathetic evolution, and language of feelings, 246-9; sympathy, and evolution of conduct, 249-51; evolution and limitation, 251-4, 254-7; ethical incongruities, 259; absolute ethics, 264; ethical divisions, 281; beneficence and scope of ethics, 286-8; conflict with egoism, 289; evolution of life and, 290-2; also social evolution, 293-5; future evolution, 295-7; and of sympathies, 297; evolution and conciliation with egoism, 298-300; of insects, 300-2; structure, and evolution of, 302; justice, 377; and life, 480-1; heredity, 481-3, 483-4; and rest, 498; and nutrition, 506-7, and culture, 521-2; sentiment of justice, II, 29-31, 31-4; right to motion, 178; kinds of, 263-76; beneficence and justice, 268-70, 270-1, 273-4 (see also Egoism).
Ambulance societies, applauded, II, 361.
America: temperance, I, 446; express companies, II, 248; undeserved payments in, 306; party government, 413-6.
Amity: aggression, and enmity, I, 347-50, 350-1; robbery, 359-60; justice, 374-7.
Amusements: I, 523-31; justified, 523-4; travelling, 525; pictures, 525, 530; fiction, 526, 530; theatre, 526-7, 530; music, 527; field sports, 528; football, 528; boat-racing, 528; gymnastics, 529; chess, 529; cards, 529; gambling, 530; egoism, 530; altruism, 530-1.
Anarchy: disregard of justice, II, 272.
Ancestor worship: relation to ethics, I, 307-11; and ethical sentiments, 336-7; sentiment of justice, II, 30.
Anger, and moderation, II, 321.
Animals: ethics, and conduct of, I, 7; struggle for existence, 17; pleasure, and nervo-muscular structure, 180; ethics of, II, 3-7, 149-50; ethical acts, 3-4; benefits and efficiency, 4-5, 5-6; idea of limits, 36; conscience in, 451-60 (see also Annulosa, Cœlenterata, Justice—Sub-human, Mammalia, Mollusca, Protozoa).
Annulosa: length and quantity of life, I, 14; indefiniteness, 67.
Ant, altruistic activity, I, 300-2.
Anti-corn laws (see Free Trade).
Antimacassar, use and appearance, II, 403.
Appendices: the Kantian idea of rights, II, 437-9; the land question, 440-4; the moral motive, 445-50; conscience in animals, 451-60.
Appetite: satisfaction of, II, 450; (see also Nutrition, Temperance).
Applause: pseudo-generosity, I, 379-82, 386-7; and incorporeal property, II, 113-7; desire for, 307-8; conversation, 308-10, 310, 311.
Approbation: display of, II, 307-8; and beneficence, 423.
Approval (see Applause, Approbation, Praise).
A Priori: reasoning, II, 54-7.
Aristotle: idea of happiness, I, 35-7; origin of right and wrong, 51; on pleasure, 163; and justice, 164; and the ideal man, 278; doctrine of the mean, 556-7; justice, II, 37-40.
Army, officialism, II, 232.
Art pleasure from, I, 525-6; altruism, 530; bequests of, II, 249.
Artery, blood supply, and ethical analogy, I, 58, 309.
Astronomy: analogy with moral science, I, 57; development and relation to ethics, 61; ethical analogy, 272; and culture, 516.
At Homes, now conventional, II, 396.
Austin, J., on law, II, 54.
Author (see Literature).
Authority, ethical sentiments, I, 335-7.
Bad, meaning of, I, 21-6, 30, 44.
Bain, A.: Mental and Moral Science, I, 57, 278; acts giving pain and pleasure, 100-1; moral obligation, 126.
Ball, John, and temperance, I, 447.
Banca Romana, II, 421.
Banking, State regulation, II, 155.
Bankruptcy, and wages, II, 291-4.
Barker & Co.’s bank, II, 421.
Barratt, A., Physical Ethics, 1, 100.
Barristers, and competition, II, 283-4.
Beauty: and sunshine, I, 481; praise, II, 323-4; utility, 402-5.
Beavers: co-operation, II, 11, 13; instinct, 25.
Bee, altruistic activity, I, 301.
Begging, evils of, II, 386-9; (see also Charity, Poor).
Behaviour (see Conduct).
Beliefs: the real and nominal, I, 313, 324; a priori, II, 54-7; right to free, 136-40, 154; real profession of, 136-7; its establishment, 137-9; limitation, 139-40.
Bellamy, communism, II, 41, 58-9.
Beneficence: ethical divisions and subdivisions, I, 282; scope of ethics, 286-8; of altruism and justice, II, 268-70, 273-4, 274-5; discriminated from justice, 270-1, 273-4, 274-5; effects of not discriminating, 271-2; negative, 263-432; positive, 335-433; kinds of, 275-6; filial, 351-4; inadequate consciousness of duty, 351-3; its importance, 353-4; ultimate sanction, 330-1; marital, 335-42; prolonged ill-treatment of women, 335-6; its modification, 336-7; man’s duty, 338-9; limit to marital, 339-40; reciprocal, 341; spontaneous, 342; social, 395-409; between equals, 395-7; unequals, 397-9; uniformity, 399-400; dress and fashion, 400-2; use and appearance, 402-5; presents and sincerity, 405-7; rationalization of, 407-9; political, 410-21; important, 410-1; evils from neglect, 411-3; party-government, 413-6; selection of candidates, 416-8; vigilance needful, 418-21; at large, 422-33; and fellow feeling, 422-4; prospective, 424-6, 430-2; human nature, stable, 426-8; its highest form, 428-30, 432-3.
Benevolence (see Beneficence, Generosity, Humanity).
Benn, A. W., on optimism, pessimism, and religious control, I, 316-19.
Bentham, J.: estimation of pleasure and pain, I, 152; on justice and happiness, 162-8; “greatest-happiness principle,” 220, 235, II, 40-1, 58; as public policy, I, 221-4, 235; also private, 224-6, 235; egoism needful to principle, 227-9; summary, 235-7.
Bequest: right of, II, 119-21, 153-4; limited, 121-2; to children, 123-4; to hospitals, 249.
Bernard, Claude, emotion and biliary secretion, I, 89.
Betting: and games, I, 530; evils, II, 297; prevalence, 427.
Bias, and sociology, I, 464.
Billiards, pleasure of playing, I, 157.
Biological view of conduct (see Conduct).
Biology: belief in causation, I, 48; relation to ethics, 61-3, 308; its study to precede moral science, 95; utilitarianism and generalizations of, 313; and ethics, II, 21; and justice, 156.
Birds: conduct and race-maintenance, I, 16; struggle for existence, 17; coherence of motions, 65; rhythm, 72; parental altruism, 202; rearing of offspring, 291; hardness of Gromwell seed, 304; adaptation, II, 27.
Blackstone, W., on Law, II, 53.
Blame, restraints on: II, 313-21, 330; and approbation, 313-4; parents and children, 314-5; employers and employed, 315-7; between equals, 317-9; school ethics, 319-20; punishment, 320-1.
Blessedness, pleasure of, I, 40-4, 45.
Blood: ethical analogy from supply, I, 58, 309; organic waste and repair, 143-5; sensibility and quantity of, 177.
Book (see Literature).
Book-keeping, relation between means and end, I, 160-2.
Boot-jack, use and appearance, II, 404.
Bravery, and obedience, I, 411-3.
Bread: use and appearances, II, 403.
Brothers, pecuniary aid, II, 370-3.
Browne, Sir T., alms giving, I, 387.
Bullying, in schools, II, 363.
Burying, alive, I, 331.
Business (see Industrialism).
Butter knife, a superfluity, II, 405.
Cabs, undeserved payments, II, 300-2.
Calderwood, Dr. H., criticism of, I, 319.
Calumny, wrong, II, 116.
Canals, imperfections in, II, 420.
Cannibalism, and slavery, II, 74.
Cards, as amusement, I, 529.
Carlyle, T., great-man theory of, I, 518.
Caro, E. M., on optimism and pessimism, 316, 317.
Catholicism, and free speech, II, 142-3.
Cats: conscience in, II, 451-60.
Causation: intellectual development and belief in, I, 47-9; ignored in religious ethics, 49-51, 61; and by Hobbes, 51-5, 61; by intuitionists, 55-6, 61; by utilitarianism, 56-8, 58-61; development of sciences and ethics, 61-3; the belief in, 296; and politics, II, 49-50; and legislation, 238; fructifying, 244-7, 250.
Celibacy, and disease, I, 534-5.
Ceremony, of crowning, I, 433.
Change, organic, II, 181-7.
Chapman, J., Medical Charity, II, 386.
Character, and incorporeal property, II, 113-7.
Charity, demoralization of, I, 196; thoughtless, II, 119; (see Generosity, Poor).
Chastity, conception of virtue, I, 37, 45, 448-65; needs of species, 448-9: polygamy and polyandry, 449-51; evidence of uncivilized, 451-6, 456-8; prevailing ethical sentiment, 456-8; and social development, 458-60; and religionl 458, 460; and militancy, 460-2; socia, effects, 462-3, 466.
Chemistry, and culture, I, 516.
Chess, as amusement, I, 529.
Chieftainship, evolution of, II, 202-3.
Children: status, I, 376; love of, 378, 388; and obedience, 411-3, 420; filial piety, 413-4; heredity, 481-3; parental nutrition, 507; age of parents, 537-9; rights of women, II, 161-3; rights of, 167-73; their claims and adults, 167-8; parental claims, 168-9; duties to parents, 169-70; evolution of claims, 170-3; induction and deduction congruous, 173; parental blame, 314-5; blame at school, 319; praise of, 323-4; curiosity, 344; “spoiling,” 345-6; slight consciousness of filial duty, 351-3; its importance, 353-4; parental claims, 371; aid between, 370-3; (see also Offspring, Parenthood).
China: the conscience in, I, 321; land ownership, II, 97.
Christianity: duelling, I, 318, 326; Paganism, 322-4; generosity, 386-7; social state, 473; slavery, II, 75; free speech, 145; militancy of followers, 257; the ill-used, 363; J. L. Davies on, 447-50.
Christmas cards, II, 407.
Civilization, and temperance, I, 444-5.
Class-legislation, II, 191-3.
Classification, and intelligence, II, 263-5.
Clearing House, ladies’, II, 408.
Clitheroc, law case, II, 70.
Clothes, and morality, I, 330; and social beneficence, II, 400-2.
Coal, effect of price, II, 244.
Cochineal, use and appearance, I, 404.
Cœlenterata: indefiniteness, I, 67; unrhythmical, 72; adjustments of polype, 80.
Coercion, ethical sentiments, I, 335-7.
Coffee, effect of, I, 510.
Coherence, of evolving conduct, I, 65-7, 74.
Coinage, officialism, II, 234.
Cold, effect on health, I, 88; endurance, 438.
Colonization, Arnold White on, II, 246.
Colour: abstract idea of, 1, 124; relativity of pleasures, 179.
Communism: and justice, I, 41, 59, II, 272; and property, II, 100-1.
Competition: governmental work, II, 230-2; restraints on free, 277-86, 329; and equity, 277-8; effects of workers’ merit, 278-9; machinery, 279-81; the employer, 281-3; in the professions, 283-4; inventions, 284-5; and sympathy, 285-6; employers and employed, 291-4, 294-6.
Compromise, liking for, II, 148-9.
Conduct: acts adjusted to ends, I, 5-7; relation to ethics, 5-7, 20, 281; correlated evolution with structure and function, 8-10; evolution of, and individual life, 10-15, 44; evolution and race-maintenance, 15-17, 44; evolution of social, 17-19, 20, 44; meaning of good and bad, 21-6, 30, 44; postulate of pessimism and optimism, 27-30, 45; reversed applications of good and bad, 30-2, 45; perfection of, 32-4, 45; conception of virtue, 34-8, 45; intuitional theory of morals, 38-40, 45; pleasure of blessedness, 40-4, 45; pleasure, the ultimate moral aim, 46; guidance by remote, not proximate, pleasures, 56, 85, 99; utilitarian estimate of, 56; psychical aspect, 64; increasing coherence, 65-7, 74; also definiteness, 67-9, 74; and heterogeneity, 69-71, 74; rhythm and equilibrium of evolving, 71-4; obligation to perform every function, 76; interaction of feelings and functions, 77-8, 98; pleasure favourable to vitality, 79-83, 87-91, 98, 100, 101; pains popularly thought beneficial, 83-5, 98; evolution, and derangement of guidance by feelings, 85-7, 99; effects of disregarding feelings, 91-5; adaptation of ethical theories to their societies, 95-8, 99; representativeness of motives, 104-9, 129; guidance by proximate and ultimate pleasures, 109-13, 130; genesis of moral control, 113-20, 130; its differentiation, 120-4, 130; genesis and transitoriness of duty, 124-9, 130; sociological view of ethics, 132, 148; individual and social life, 133, 148; codes of militancy and industrialism, 137-9, 148; limited evolution, 146-8, 149; pleasure, pain, and problems of, 150; egoistic and universalistic hedonism, 151-6; pleasure, and relation between means and ends, 156-60, 160-2; greatest happiness of greatest number, 166-8; conditions of social equilibrium, 168-71; happiness of highest life, 171-3; the nominal and actual beliefs, 198-200; Kantian rule, 233; sympathy and evolution, 249-51; “absolute” ethics, 258; current conceptions of right and wrong, 259; absolute and relative ethics, 260; and illustrations, 261-5; illustrations of relative ethics, 265-8; and precedence of absolute over relative, 271-5; the ideal of moralists, 277-80; ethical divisions, 281; regulation of private, 282-4; beneficence and scope of ethics, 286-8; Sidgwick on teleological view, 304-6; also on pessimism, 306-8; on relative and absolute ethics, 309-12; proportion among parts, 558-9; ethics includes all kinds, II, 3-4; and incorporeal property, 113-7; limit of evolution, 269; meaning of good and bad, 330; life, and beneficence, 330-2.
Conscience: ignorance of causation, I, 55; and conduct, 321-2; ethical sentiments, 337-9; moral sense not intuitive, 470-2; in animals, II, 451-60.
Conservatism, of women, II, 197.
Constantinople, dogs in, II, 36.
Contract: breaches of, their evils, I, 207; altruism personally advantageous, 210, 216; ethics and fulfilment of, 557; right of free, II, 127-32; relation to exchange, 129-31; social needs, 131-2; need of enforcing, 411-3; restraints on free, 287-97, 329; State enforcement and individual suspension of, 287-9, 289-91; employers and employed, 291-4, 294-6; prospective, 296-7.
Controversy: display of ability, II, 308-10, 310, 311; and blame, 313-4; and antagonism, 326-7.
Conversation: display of, II, 308-10, 311; and blame, 313-4; and antagonism, 326-7.
Cooking, use and appearance, II, 404.
Co-operation: of industrialism, I, 139-43, 148; and society, 465-8; animal, II, 11-2, 12-3, 13-4, 14-6; human, 19-21; and justice, 155; nature of the state, 183-7; justice and beneficence, 270-1, 329.
Copyright: and justice, II, 105-7, 153; term of, 107-9.
Correlatives, doctrine of, I, 3.
Courage, conception of virtue, I, 37, 45; and the ill-used, II, 362-3.
Cowardice, social effects, I, 467.
Cranbrook, Lord, on peace, I, 317.
Crime, and education, II, 267-8.
Cruelty, pleasure in, I, 392-4, 394-6.
Crustacea, conduct and race-maintenance, I, 16.
Culture: I, 514-22; and complete life, 514-5; manual, 515-6; intellectual, 516; sociology and literature, 518-20; and health, 520-1; altruism, 521-2; and travelling, 525.
Curiosity, of children, II, 344.
Custom, and moral sentiments, I, 326-31.
Custom duties, reason for, II, 199-200.
Danger, succour of those in, II, 364-6.
Davies, J. Llewelyn: the moral motive, II, 445-50.
Death, cessation of activity I, 486; and property, II, 124.
Definiteness: of evolving conduct, 1, 67-9, 74; also organization, 81; the word definite, 272-73.
Deity: approved of suffering, I, 29, 45, 96; origin of right and wrong, 49-51; anger of, and genesis of moral control, 116-20, 130; primitive ethics, 307-11, 323; militant in mythologies, 311-3.
Desires, and food, I, 500-4.
Despotism, and veracity, I, 407-9.
Diet, time of meals, II, 408.
Directors of companies, and blame, II, 320.
Discovery, competition, II, 284-5.
Discrimination, and intelligence, II, 263-5, 265-8.
Disease: heredity, I, 481-3; celibacy, 534; and marriage, 540-1, 541-3; right to physical integrity, II, 69-70; and wages, 77; infectious, 359; ambulance societies, 361; (see also Health, Sick).
Disobedience (see Obedience).
Division of labour: co-operation of industrialism, 1, 142; physiological and sociological, 143-6; social, 229-30; and sex, 329-30.
Dock-strike, effects, II, 244.
Dog: conflict of feelings, 1, 114; pleasurable activity, 158; idea of limits, II, 36; right of property, 103; imagination, 265; conscience in, 451-60.
Drama: as amusement, I, 526-7, 530; copyright, II, 108.
Dress: and morality, I, 330; and social beneficence, II, 400-2.
Drowning: succour of the, II, 366-8.
Drunkenness, social effects, 1, 466; and ethics, 479, 556; legislation, II, 240; (see also Stimulation).
Duelling: and Christianity, I, 318, 326; and revenge, 365; and duty, II, 449.
Duty: genesis and transitoriness of sense, I, 124-9, 130; pleasure and adaptation of future evolution, 182-6, 249; the word, 477, 555; restraints on blame, II, 315-7, 320; J.L. Davies on, 445-50; in animals, 451-60.
Dymond, J., Essays on the Principles of Morality, I, 150.
Earth; right to use surface, II, 81, 84-92, 152-3; relation to property, 94-8; right of gift, 122.
Eastbourne, salvation army, II, 267.
Education, pleasurable form of, I, 262; ethical analogy, 311; Gladstone on, 403; of surrounding objects, 500; manual, 515-6; health, 520-1; by State, 544-7, 547-50; languages, II, 175; Aristotle on, 218; payment by results, 237-8; for militancy, 252-3; evil of uniformity, 255-6; geometrical, 266-7; and crime, 267-8; by parents, 343-5; “spoiling” children, 345-6; proportionate kindness by parents, 346-8; bullying and fagging, 363; and beneficence at large, 428-9.
Egg, use and appearance, II, 404.
Egoism: prior to altruism, I, 187, 189, 197; benefits of adaptation, 188, 198; heredity and general happiness, 191-3, 198; inadequate, and altruism, 193-6, 198; injurious subordination to altruism, 196, 198; the nominal and actual beliefs, 198-200; evolution with altruism, 201, 204, 215; altruism and maintenance of justice, 206-8, 216; social government, 208, 216; enjoyment of, aided by altruism, 211, 212-5, 217; heredity, 218; absolute, and social dissolution, 219, 237; utilitarian altruism, 226, 236; needful to “greatest-happiness principle,” 227-9, 236; physical simile, 228; transfer of happiness, 231-3, 236; summary of “greatest-happiness principle,” 235-7; compromise with altruism, 237-41; evolution and conciliation of interests, 242-4; evolution of sympathy, and language of feelings, 246-9; sympathy and evolution of conduct, 249-51; evolution and altruistic limitation, 251-4, 254-7; ethical divisions, 281; regulation of private conduct, 282-4; beneficence, and scope of ethics, 286-8; conflict with altruism, 289; evolution of life and altruism, 290-2; also social evolution, 293-5; future altruistic evolution, 295-7; evolution, and conciliation with altruism, 298-300; altruism of insects, 300-2; structure and altruistic evolution, 302; justice, 377; and life, 480-1; heredity, 481-3, 483-4; sentiment of justice, II, 31-4; right to motion, 78.
Elephants, justice in, II, 13, 14, 30.
Emerson, R. W.: on gentlemen, I, 520; “a mush of concession,” II, 326.
Emotions: influence on functions, I, 78; ill-adjustment to vital needs, 87; effect on vitality, 87-91; relation to feelings, 104, 105; structure and relativity of, 180-2, 184; development of sympathy, and language of, 247; effect of marriage, 535.
Employed, effect of wages, II, 291-4, 294-6.
Employers, restraints on blame, II, 315-7, 320.
Emulation, and activity, I, 489.
Endangered: succour to, II, 362-9; causes prompting, 362-4; and courage, 364-6; drowning, 366-8; tire, 368-9; summary, 369.
Ends, and means, II, 174-5, 175-9.
Engines, the protest against, II, 279-81; (see also Machinery, Mechanics).
England: political obedience, I, 419; ethical ideas, II, 51; land question in, 440-4.
Entertainments, benefit of social, I, 512-3.
Epicurus, and the ideal state, I, 278.
Equality: of justice, I, 165; regulation of public conduct, 284-6.
Equilibrium: moving, of evolving conduct, I, 71-4, 74; physiologically interpreted, 75; social, 168-71; of conduct, 305.
Equity, and justice, I, 542.
Esteem, and incorporeal property, II.
Ethics: relation to conduct, I, 5-7, 20, 281; cardinal ideas of systems of, 32; and ideas of causation absent in, 49; causation ignored in religious, 49-51, 61; and in Hobbes’s, 51-5; and in intuition theory, 55-6, 61; and in utilitarianism, 56-8, 58-61; relation to science, 61-3, 308; conformity to evolution, 63; uniformity, and conception of morality, 70; adaptation of theories to their societies, 95-8, 99; physical aspect, 102-4, 129; genesis of moral control, 113-20, 130; its differentiation, 120-4, 130; genesis and transitoriness of duty, 124-9, 130; sociological view, 132, 148; codes of militancy and industrialism, 134-7, 148; of industrialism, 137-9, 148; pleasure, and relation between means and ends, 156-60, 160-2; happiness of the highest life, 171-3; varying standards of happiness, 174; adaptation of future evolution, 182-6; heredity, and general happiness, 191-3, 198; the nominal and actual beliefs, 198-200; “the greatest-happiness principle,” 220, 235; and as public policy, 221-4, 235; also private, 224-6, 235; summary of the principle, 235-7; the word “absolute,” 258; current conceptions of right and wrong, 259; popular incongruities, 259; pleasure, absolute and relative, 260; absolute and relative, illustrated, 261-5; also relative, 265-8; evolution of empirical to rational, 268-71; precedence of absolute over relative, 271-5; physiological analogy of absolute and relative, 275-7; the ideal man, and ideal society, 277-80; divisions or, 281; regulation of private conduct, 282-4; beneficence and scope of, 286-8; Sidgwick on absolute and relative, 309-12; confusion of thought, 307-24; relation to religion, 307-11; amity and enmity, 313-6, 316-8, 322-4; utilitarianism and expediency, 318-20; origin of moral sense, 320-2; sentiments of, 325-39; “pro-ethical,” 337-9; definition, 465; social, and co-operation, 465-8; varying sentiments, 468-70, the moral sense not intuitive, 470-2; prospect, 472-4; and evolution, 477-8; and life, 478-9; of individual life, general conclusions, 555-61; the title, 555-6; business of, 556-8; conduct and proportion, 558-9; prospective, 559-61; the ideal, 561; and biology, II, 21, 149-51: animal, 3-7, 149-51; includes all conduct, 3-4; evolution and adaptation, 25-6; of family and State, 42, 167, 170; animal life, 149-50; of social life—negative beneficence, 263-332; positive beneficence, 335-433; (see also Altruism, Conduct, Egoism, Life).
Evolution: of structure, function, and conduct, correlated, I, 8-10; tends to self-preservation, 25; conformity of ethics to, 63; a change to definite, coherent, heterogeneity, 65; of life, and pleasurable actions, 79-83, 98; human, and guidance by feelings, 85-7, 99; health, and disregard of feelings, 91-5; adaptation of ethical theories to their societies, 95-8, 99; psychological, 102-4, 129; conduct and representativeness of feelings, 104-9, 129; of moral control, 113-20, 130; and its differentiation, 120-4, 130; utilitarianism and experience, 124; codes of militancy and industrialism, 134-7, 148; of conduct, limit to, 146-8, 149; conduct, and relation between means and ends, 156-60, 160-2; happiness of the highest life, 171-3; adaptation of future, 182-6, 249, 307; benefits of adaptation, 188, 198; egoism and general happiness, 189-91, 198; universality of social altruism, 217; pure altruism, 229-31, 236; egoism and altruism, compromise, 237-41; life, and conciliation of interests, 242-4; of conduct, and sympathy, 249-51; limit to altruistic, 251-4, 254-7; ethical incongruities, 259; of science, 268-71; absolute ethics, 275; the ideal man, and ideal society, 277-80; of life, and organic altruism, 290-2; future of altruism, 295-7; of altruism and sympathies, 297; rates of mortality and multiplication, 298, 300; conciliation of egoism and altruism, 298-300; altruism of insects, 300-2;
Sidgwick on absolute and relative ethics, 309-12; and ethics, 477-8, 478-9; adaptation, II, 25-6; and justice formula, 50-3; a priori reasoning, 54-7; nature of the State, 181-7; intellectual, 263-5; definiteness of wages, 305—6; beneficence and life, 330-2; and beneficence at large, 432-3; (see also Conduct).
Exaggeration, universal, I, 400.
Exchange: right of free, II, 127-32, 153-4; evolution of, 127-9; and free contract, 129-31; social needs, 131-2.
Excise duties, II, 200.
Expediency: in ethics, I, 318-20; a priori reasoning, II, 57-60; and current politics, 49-50.
Experience: evolution and utilitarianism, I, 124; heredity, 315.
Eye: disease of, I, 93; psychical evolution, 102-4, 106; relativity of pains, 177, 178; and age, 495-6.
Fagging: in schools, II, 363.
Fainting: result of pain, I, 88; at sight of suffering, 214.
Fares, undeserved payments, II, 300-2.
Fashion, social beneficence, II, 400-2.
Fault finding (see Blame).
Fear: influence on function, I, 78; and veracity, I, 407-9.
Feelings: interaction with functions, I, 78, 98; health and disregard of, 91-5; relation to emotion, 104, 105; conduct, and representativeness of, 104-9, 129, 151; guidance by proximate and ultimate pleasures, 109-13, 130; genesis of moral control and conflict of, 113-20, 130; its differentiation, 120-4, 130; genesis and transitoriness of duty, 124-9, 130; relativity of pains, 175-8; structure, and relativity of pleasures, 178-80; real and ideal, 228, 236; language of, and development of sympathy, 246-9; and requirements, 560; evolution and adaptation, II, 25-6; adaptation, 26-7; theories of, 42.
Fellow-feeling, and beneficence, II, 422-4.
Fertility, and individuation, I, 554.
Fiction (see Literature).
Fire: current misconceptions, II, 174; succour from, 368-9; use and appearance, I, 403.
Fish: life of, and adjustment of acts to ends, I, 12; conduct and race-maintenance, 16; coherence of motions, 65; and simplicity and definiteness, 68.
Food: human evolution and obtainment of, I, 13; also struggle for existence, 17; ethical analogy of supply, 59-61; contact and assimilation, 80, 100; pleasure of nutrition, 84, 158, 159; effect of emotion, 88, 90; psychical evolution, 102-4, 106; proximate and remote pleasures, 112; relativity of pleasures, 179; pleasures of adaptation, 190; parental altruism, 203; personal advantages of altruism, 208-11; absolute ethics, 261, 265; hunger a virtue, 435; surfeit and dislike, ft, 26; (see also Nutrition, Temperance).
Football: as amusement, I, 528; II, 426.
Forgiveness, and revenge, I, 365-7, 367-8.
France: militancy in, I, 317; right to labour in, II, 63; industrial regulations, 134-5; children’s rights, 172; liberty, 178; officialism, 241; presents, 407.
Franchise: and political rights, II, 175-9, 180, 194; effect of enlarging, 192; by women, 197-8.
Freedom: and rights, II, 62-3; and murder, 64-7; mutilation, 67-9; disease, 69-70; social needs, 70-1; motion, 72-9; and ability, 157-9; and taxation, 223; Kant on, 437-9.
Free trade: copyright, II, 105-7; exchange, 129, 131; free speech, 142, 154.
Friends: pecuniary aid to, II, 370-5; near relatives, 370-3; more remote, 370-3; forethought needed, 375.
Function: evolution of conduct, I, 8-10; life and interdependence of, 75; moral obligation to perform every, 76; interaction with feelings, 78, 98; pleasure-giving acts, 91; adaptation and relation to structure, 188; pleasure and waste of, 213; relation to pleasure, pain, and altruism, 231; relation of physiology to pathology, 276; nutrition, II, 9, 230.
Furniture, use and appearance, II, 404-5.
Funerals, cost of, II, 405-6.
Gambling, and games, I, 530.
Games: and culture, I, 515; and gambling, 530; and individual freedom, II, 154; display of ability, 310; (see also Amusements).
Generalization: development of science, I, 61; rare, II, 195.
Generosity: I, 378-90; representativeness of justice, 123, II, 44; complex sentiment. I, 378-9, 387-90; and justice, 379; pseudo-, 379-82; and hospitality, 382-3, 389; of uncivilized, 383-4; in early literatures, 384-6; and sympathy, 386-7, 390.
Geology: belief in causation, I, 48; development and relation to ethics, 61-3; education, 266-7; a priori reasoning, II, 54-7.
Geometry, ethical analogy, I, 271, 272.
Germany: militancy in, I, 318, II, 44; intemperance, I, 446; rights of women, II, 163; duelling in, 449.
Ghost-theory, genesis of moral control, I, 116-20.
Gifts: right of, II, 118-26; relation to property, 118-9; to bequest, 119-21; limited, 121-2; to offspring, 123-4; after death, 124-5; and revenue, 125-6.
Gladstone, W. E., on education. I, 403.
God (see Deity).
Good, meaning of, I, 21-6, 30, 44.
Government, The Proper Sphere of, I, iii.; Hobbes’s doctrine of, 53; evils of egoism, 208, 216; scope of ethics, 285; evolution of altruism, 294; disregard of justice, II, 272; by party, 413-6; (see also Politics).
Gratitude: and humanity, I, 399; unveracity, 403-4.
Gravity, ethical analogy, I, 274.
Greatest-Happiness principle, II, 41, 58.
Greece: slavery, II, 75; the State, 183; State functions, 217-9.
Greek: ideas of justice, II, 37-40; murder, 65; education, 175, 403.
Gregariousness: sub-human, I, 11-2, 12-3, 13-4, 14-6, 150; human, 19-21; sentiment of justice, II, 31-4; beneficence and justice, 270-1.
Grom well seed, hardness of, I, 304.
Growth, law of murder, II, 273.
Guardian, The, moral motive, II, 445-50.
Guilds, female status, II, 165.
Gymnastics: as amusement, I, 529.
Hansard Union, Limited, II, 421.
Happiness: Bentliam, Plato, and Aristotle on, I, 163-8; greatest, of greatest number, 166-8; conditions of social equilibrium, 168-71; of highest life, 171-3; varying standards of, 174; principle of “the greatest,” 220, 235; and as public policy, 221-4, 235; also private, 224-6, 235; egoism needful for, 227-9, 236; social evolution and pure altruism, 229-31, 236-7; transfer of, 231-3, 236; pure altruism and universal, 233-5, 236; summary of “the greatest,” 235-7; compromise of egoism and altruism, 237-41; (see also Pleasure).
Hastie, W., Philosophy of Law, II, 437.
Hawkins, Sir J., slavery, I, 468.
Health: disordered function, I, 75; guidance by feelings, 83, 86, 91-5, 99; influence or emotion, 86, 101; proximate and remote pleasures, 111-3; relativity of pains, 177; general happiness and egoism, 189-91, 193-6, 198; also heredity, 191-3, 198; subordination of egoism and altruism, 196, 198; altruism, personally advantageous, 208-11, 216; relation of physiology to pathology, 276; and activity, 488; culture, 520; amusements, 530; marriage, 534-6, 541-3; of parents and children, 538-9, 540-1; and education, II, 238.
Heart-disease, timidity, II, 366.
Heat, altruism and simile from, I, 228.
Hebrews: conception of justice, II, 52; enslavement, 74.
Hedonism: Sidgwick on egoistic and universalistic, I, 151-6, 163; criticism of Benn, 316-8.
Heraldry and slavery, I, 468-9.
Heredity: benefits from adaptation, I, 188, 198; egoism and general happiness, 191-3, 193-6, 198; subordination of egoism to altruism, 197, 198; egoistic traits, 218; the ideal man, 280; structure and altruistic evolution, 302; teleological view of conduct, 304-6; experience hypothesis, 313; health and disease, 481-3; and rest, 499.
Heterogeneity, of evolving conduct, I, 69-71, 74.
History: trustworthiness, I, 464; and culture, 518-20.
Hobart, Chief-justice, on law, II, 53.
Hobbes, T.: origin of right and wrong, I, 51-3; causation ignored by, 51-5, 61; doctrine of government, 53; the State, II, 201-2.
Hobbs & Co., Limited, II, 421.
Holidays, and rest, I, 498.
Homicide; and aggression, I, 341-2, 350; private, 342-3; wholesale, 343-7, 350-1.
Honesty: of uncivilized, I, 359-60, 375; and veracity, 406.
Horse, conscience in, II, 453-60.
Hospitality: and pseudo-generosity, I, 379-82; and generosity, 382-3, 383-4, 389; (see Beneficence, Social).
Hospitals: bequests to, II, 249; pauperization by, 385-6.
Hotels: undeserved payments, II, 302.
Humanity: I, 391-9: generalization, 391-2; pleasure in seeing cruelty, 392-4, 394-6; of lower races, 396-7; in early literatures, 397-8; and gratitude, 399; conclusion, 398-9.
Hunger: satisfaction of, II, 450; (see also Food).
Hutcheson, F., intuition theory, I, 38.
Ideal, the: attainment of, I, 561.
Ideas: ethical, I, 325-39; “pro-ethical,” 337-9; evolution and adaptation, II, 25-6; association, 26; and sentiment, 35-6.
Idleness, disgrace of, I, 432, 434.
Ill-health: effects, I, 481-3 (see also Health).
Ill-used, succour to, II, 362-9; causes prompting, 362-4; and courage, 364-6.
Imagination, intellectual evolution, II, 265.
Improvidence: and generosity, I, 379; and parenthood, 550-1, 551-3.
Impulsiveness, female, II, 194.
Inclosure Acts, and commoners, II, 89.
India: land ownership, II, 97; Anglo-Indians, 472.
Individual: life of species and, II, 6-7, 149-51.
Individuation and reproduction, I, 532-3, 554.
Induction: abuse of, II, 26; a priori reasoning, 57-60.
Inductions of Ethics: I, 367-472; summary, 464-72.
Industrialism: evolution of conduct, I, 19, 20; evolution and guidance by feelings, 86; sentiments of pleasure and pain, 97; virtues of militancy, 97; its sentiment, 135, 148; ethics, 137-9, 148; co-operation of, 139-43, 148; limit to evolution of conduct, 146-8, 149; conditions of social equilibrium, 169; universality of social altruism, 217; compromise of egoism and altruism, 237-41; absolute and relative ethics, 263-5, 266; evolution of altruism, 294; its growth, 297; structure, and altruistic evolution, 302 and veracity, 402-4, 404-7, 409; and obedience, 420-1; moral traits of, 467-8, 471-2; sentiment of justice, II, 33; idea of justice, 47-8, 50-3, 61; right to motion, 77, 152-3; land ownership, 91; right of gift, 121, 153-4; free exchange, 131-2; and free belief, 139-40; and justice, 151-2; female status, 164-5; children’s status, 177; nature of State, 186; its constitution, 189-91, 193; State functions, 219-20, 220-2; education for, 253-5; parental beneficence, 348; poor relief, 389-92; and politics, 410; and beneficence at large, 424.
Industry: I, 422-34; kinds of, 422-4; and predatory activities, 424-8, 431-2; agriculture, 428-9; subject races, 429-31; sentiments of, 431-2; right to free, II, 133-5, 154; regulation, 155; current misconceptions, 174; Greek conception, 219; and legislation, 244-7; (see also Competition).
Infanticide: and aggression, I, 340, 350; a cause, 381; children’s rights, II, 171.
Infusoria (see Protozoa).
Inheritance, varied forms, II, 120; (see also Heredity).
Injured, aiding the, II, 355-61; limits in family, 355-7; limits outside, 357-60; training for, 360-1.
Injuries, relativity of pains, I, 175-8.
Insanity: insensibility of idiots, I, 176; heredity, 191.
Insects, altruism of social, I, 300-2.
Instinct, reflex action, I, 105.
Insurance, pecuniary aid, II, 374.
Intellect: effects of marriage, I, 536; fertility, 554; and communism, II, 41-2; theories of, 42; and discrimination, 263-5, 265-8; female and marriage, 338-9; scarcity, 343-4.
Intelligence (see Intellect).
Intemperance: and religion, I, 440-1; widespread, 441-3; and social conditions, 443-4.
Intuition: theory of morals, I, 38-40, 45; causation ignored in theory, 55-6, 61; happiness of highest life, 171-3.
Invention, competition, II, 284-5.
Inventors, right of, II, 109-13, 153.
Ireland, land tenure, II, 96; contracts in, II, 288.
Jamaica: constitution of committee, II, 447.
Jelly: use and appearance, II, 404.
Joint-stock companies, and equity, I, 333-4.
Jones, T. Mann: conscience in animals, II, 451-60.
Justice: I, 369-72, II, 3-260; doctrine of Hobbes, I, 52; representativeness of generosity, 123; relation to sympathy, 148; Bentham on, 163-8; altruism, egoism, and maintenance of, 206-8, 216; personal advantages of altruism, 208-11, 216; “greatest-happiness principle,” 223, 226, 235; ethical divisions, 281; regulation of public conduct, 284-6: evolution of altruism, 294; Prof. Means’ criticism, 314-15; revenge and aggression, 369; family-revenge, 369-72; individual revenge, 372-3; militancy and amity, 373-7; altruism and egoism, 377; generosity, 379; equity, 542; ethics, 557; sub-human, II, 8-16, 150; law of sub-human, 8-9; imperfect, 9-10; degree of organization, 10-1; cooperation and gregariousness, 11-2, 12-3, 13-4, 14-6, 150; human, 16-24, 150; and sub-human, 17-8; and organization, 18-9; gregariousness, 19-21; the individual and species, 21-4; sentiment of, 25-34; evolution and adaptation, 25-6, 26-7; egoistic development, 27-9; pro-altruistic development, 29-31; the altruistic, 31-4; and peace, 34; idea of, 35-44; and sentiment, 35-6; two elements, 36-7; inequality, 37-40; and law, 38; undue equality and socialism, 40-2; laws of life, 42-3; and social state, 43-4, 50-3; formula of, 45-8; the formula, 45-6; possible misapprehension, 46-7; social progress, 47-8; authority for formula, 49-61; religious and ethical beliefs, 50-3; legal beliefs, 53-4; a priori reasoning, 54-7, 57-60; final justification, 60-1; corollaries from formula, 62-3; and right to motion, 78-9; formula and deduction, 151-2; and induction, 152-3, 153-4, 154-5; value of formula, 155-6; administration and State duties, 204-8, 208-9, 209-11, 212-4; limits to State duties, 222-5; legislation and law of life, 259-60; altruism and beneficence, 268-70, 273-4, 274-5; discriminated from beneficence, 270-1, 273-4, 274-5; effects of not discriminating, 271-2; Kant and formula of, 437-9; J. L. Davies on, 445-50; sentiment of, in animals, 451-60; (see also Competition, Contract, Eight).
Kant, Im.: rule of conduct, I, 233; and the ideal man, 278; conception of justice, II, 52; idea of rights, 437-9.
King Charles, “Touch no State matters,” II, 410.
Knowledge, altruism, I, 521-2.
Krapotkin, Prince, on Socialism, II, 41.
Labour: Adam and curse of, I, 430; and pleasure, 487-8; relation to property, II, 98-100; property in mental, 103-5, 107-9, 153; (see also Activity, Division of Labour, Industry).
Ladies’ Exchange, II, 408.
Land: right to maintenance from, II, 378; right to use, 81, 84-92, 152; relation of property, 94-8.
Land Question, the, II, 440-4.
Language: and ethics, I, 477; and education, II, 175.
Larkspur, recognition, II, 265.
Latin, and education; II, 175.
Laughter, and nutrition, I, 90.
Laveleye, M., on communism, II, 41.
Law: and custom. I, 331-4, 335; justice and equity, 542; and causation, II, 238; Clitheroe case, 70; hoard schools, 70; confusion and evils of, 411-3; copyright, 107-9, 153; failure of Acts, 242, 249-50; fructifying causation, 244-7; free contract, 130; justice, 38; land laws, 89; of nature, 53-4: and rights, 63; and right of gift, 119; officialism, 233-4; restraints on blame, 319.
Laws: sumptuary, II, 154.
Lawyers, competition, II, 283-4.
Legislation: helter-skelter, II, 270; disregard of justice, 272.
Libel, wrong, II, 116, 153.
Liberator Building Society, II, 421.
Liberty, formula of justice, II, 45-6; (see also Freedom).
Liberty and Property Defence League, II, 90-1.
Libraries, free, II, 240.
Life: evolution of conduct, and individual, I, 10-15, 44; also race-maintenance, 15-17, 44; evolution of social conduct, 17-19, 20, 44; “the definite combination of heterogeneous changes,” etc., also “the continuous adjustment of internal relations,” etc., 19; meaning of good and bad conduct, 23-6, 30, 44; view of pessimism and optimism, 26, 45; also postulate, 27-30, 45; perfection of, 32-4; pleasure of blessedness, 40-4, 45; interdependence of individual and social, 60; moving equilibrium of, 71-4, 74; interdependence of function and length of, 75; pleasure favourable to, 79-83, 87-91, 98, 100, 101; pains thought beneficial, 83-5, 98; evolution and guidance by feelings, 85-7; disregard of guidance by feelings, 91-5; Barratt on consciousness, 100; psychical evolution, 102-4; representativeness of feelings and self-preservation, 104-9, 129; guidance by proximate and ultimate pleasures, 109-13, 130; sociological view of ethics, 133, 148; social and individual, 133, 136, 148; codes of militancy and industrialism, 134-7, 148; and of industrialism, 137-9, 148; also its co-operation, 139-43, 148; physiological and sociological division of labour, 143-6; limit to evolution of conduct, 146-8, 149; happiness of the highest, 171-3; pleasure and adaptation of future evolution, 182-6, 249, 307; benefits from adaptation, 188, 198; egoism and general happiness, 189-91, 198; definition of altruism, 201; altruism and race-maintenance, 201-4, 216; augmented by altruism, 214; altruism, pleasure, and function, 231; evolution and conciliation of interests, 242-4; development of sympathy, 244-6; regulation of private conduct, 282-4; also public, 284-6; evolution of altruism and, 290-2; rates of mortality and multiplication, 298, 300; altruism of insects, 300-2; teleological view of conduct, 304-6; Sidgwick on pessimism, 306-8; ethics of individual, 477-561; introductory, 477-84; and evolution, 478-9; man, 479-80; ethics of individual egoism and altruism, 480-1; heredity, 481-3; activity, 485; pleasures, 505; amusements, 523-4; individual and social, 544-7; law of preservation, II, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 10-1, 12-3, 13-4, 149-51; sub-human and human, 17-8; justice and laws of, 42-3, 60; murder, 64-7; right of property, 122; limit to State duties, 259-60; discrimination and intelligence, 263-5, 265-8; highest form, 269, 270; beneficence, 330-2.
Lifting, or stealing, I, 355.
Light: respiration increased by, I, 89; right to use, II, 80-1, 81-2, 92, 152.
Literature: culture. I, 519-20; fiction, 526; property in, II, 105-7, 107-9, 153; praise in, 324-6.
Liver, effect of emotion on, I, 89.
Locke, T., on property, II, 94.
Locomotive, current conception, 174; (see also Machinery, Mechanics).
Logic, in conversation, II, 308-10, 311, 313-4; (see also Reasoning).
London and General Bank, II, 421.
London roads, II, 418-9.
Love and chastity, I, 463.
Loyalty: I, 414-7; and militancy, 417-20.
Lying (see Truth, Veracity).
Machinery: current misconceptions, II, 174; the protest against, 279-81; waste of social, 386.
Macintosh, Sir J., on law, II, 53-4.
Macltay, T.: The English Poor, II, 442.
Maine, Sir II.: Roman Law, II, 53; happiness, 60.
Maitland, F. W.: Kantian idea of rights, II, 437.
Mammalia: conduct and race-maintenance, I, 16; rhythm in, 72; parental altruism, 202, 203.
Man: perfection of, I, 32-4, 45; primitive belief in power of name, 35; increasing coherence of actions, 65-7, 74; also definiteness, 68, 74; and heterogeneity, 70, 74; equilibrium of society, 71-4, 74; evolution, and guidance by feelings, 86, 99; pleasure and adaptation of future evolution, 182-6, 249; the ideal, 278.
Mansion House Fund, II, 382.
Manslaughter (see Homicide).
Marriage: I, 532-43; instinct of, 84; moral check on adultery, 120; altruism, and varied forms of, 204; and chastity, 451-4, 456-8; individuation and reproduction, 532-4; ethical sanction, 534-6; age of parents, 536-9; choice in, 539-41; restraints after, 541-3; free speech, II, 144; children’s rights, 172; female intellect, 338-9; (see also Parenthood).
Mathematics: and culture, I, 516; a priori reasoning, II, 54-7.
Meals, time of, II, 408.
Mean, doctrine of the, I, 556-8, 558-9.
Means, Prof.: on rational and empirical utilitarianism, I, 312-14; on justice, 314-15.
Means, and ends, II, 174-5, 175-9.
Mechanics: empirical and rational science of, I, 268-71; property in inventions, II, 109-13.
Memory (see Psychology).
Men: freedom and ability, II, 157-9.
Mendicity Society (see Poor).
Militancy: egoism of, 1, v.; evolution of conduct, 19, 20; evolution and guidance by feelings, 86; sentiments of pleasures and pains, 96; virtues of, 97; genesis of moral control, 115-20, 130; individual and social life, 134, 136, 148; sentiment of industrialism, 135, 148; egoism and altruism, 199; egoism, altruism, and maintenance of justice, 206-8; universality of social altruism, 217; compromise of egoism and altruism, 237-41; development of sympathy, 245; justice, 285; evolution of altruism, 293, 294, 297; in mythologies, 311-3; and current ethics, 313, 316-8, 322-4; aggression, 347-50, 350-1; and robbery. 352-4, 356-9; revenge, 367-8; and justice, 373-4, 874-7; women’s status, 375-6; children’s, 376; veracity, 402-4, 404-7, 409; loyalty, 417-20; and obedience, 420-1; and industry, 428-9, 431-2; status of officers, 432; moral traits, 467-8, 471-2; chastity, 460-2; and English thought, 472-4; sentiment of justice, II, 33, 36; idea of justice, 37-40, 43-4; formula of justice, 47-8, 50-3; right to physical integrity, 70-1; and to motion, 72-4, 76, 79, 152-3; ownership, 89, 152; land ownership, 91; free industry, 133-5; and free belief, 139-40; and free speech, 146-7; and justice, 951-2; female status, 164: children’s status, 172; State constitution, 188-9, 193; origin of government, 202-4, 208-9; State functions, 218-9, 219-20; education for, 253; parental beneficence, 348; courage, 362-3; poor relief, 389-92; and politics, 410; beneficence at large, 424, 429.
Mill, J. S.: letter to, on moral intuitions, I, 123; also on title “anti-utilitarian,” 57; “greatest-happiness” principle, 220, 224; social physiology and pathology, 312; experience-hypothesis and heredity, 313; utilitarianism, II, 41, 58.
Mind (see Psychology).
Miser: reason for prizing money, I, 31; sympathy and evolution of conduct, 249-51.
Molecules, social analogy from equilibrium of, 170.
Mollusca: adjustment of acts to ends, I, 11, 14; rhythm in, 72.
Money: prized by miser, I, 31; relation between means and ends, 160-2; current misconceptions, II, 174-5.
Monkeys, justice in, II, 14.
Monkshood, recognition of, II, 265.
Monogamy: reprobated, I, 327-8; and social state, 448.
Monopoly: and copyright, II, 106-7; inventions, 110-3.
Moral motive, the: II, 445-50.
Moral sense: origin, I, 320-2; not intuitive, 470-2.
Morality: and clothes, I, 330; free speech, II, 143-4; (see Conduct, Ethics).
Mortality, rates of multiplication and, I, 298, 300.
Motion: evolution and coherence of, I, 65-7; conceivability, 125; rights to free, II, 72-9, 152-3.
Mottoes: aggressive, I, 345; loyal, 417.
Multiplication, improvident, I, 550-1, 551-3.
Murder: intuition theory, I, 39; moral deterrent, 120; varied opinions on, 468; equal freedom, II, 64-7; law of growth, 273; commercial, 282; in Australia, 370; (see also Homicide).
Muscle: action of pleasures and pains, I, 101; psychical evolution and motion, 102-4; rhythm in, 492-3.
Music: evolution of sympathy, and language of feelings, I, 246-9; and altruism, 522; as amusement, 527; rights to media, II, 83; property in, 105-7, 107-9, 153; undeserved payments, 299; praise in, 324-6; marital beneficence, 341.
Natural Selection; (see Survival of the Fittest).
Nature: law of, II, 273.
Navy, officialism, II, 232.
Nerves: sensibility and development, I, 175-8; structure, and relativity of pleasure, 180-2; a priori reasoning, II, 54-7.
Nichols, Sir G., Poor relief, II, 442.
Nobility: loyal mottoes, I, 417; mottoes of English, 345.
Novels, reading of, I, 526-7, 531; reading and justice, II, 44.
Nutrition: 500-7; subject matter for ethics, I, 500; food and desire, 500-4; variety of food, 504-6; altruism, 506-7; doctrine of the mean, 556-8, 558-9; and law of preservation, II, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 10; function, 9, 230.
Obedience: I, 410-21; the two kinds, 410-1; filial, 411-3, 413-4, 420; political, 414-7; militancy, 417-20; in animals, II, 451-60.
Obligation: moral, custom and law, I, 331-4, 335; the word, 477; J. L. Davies on, II, 445, 50.
Officialism: and militancy, II, 134; evils, 232-5, 240-4; evils of, 380.
Offspring: control of morality symbolized, I, iv.; egoism and heredity, 218; conciliation of interests, 242-5; organic parental altruism, 290-2; law of preservation, II, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 12-3, 13-4, 149-51; (see also Children).
Opinion: ethical sentiments, I, 336-7.
Opium: use of, I, 511; and Poor relief, II, 394.
Optimism; worth of life, I, 26, 45, II, 330; agreement with pessimism, I, 27-30, 45; Sidgwick on pessimism, 306-8; Benn’s criticism, 316-8; and life, II, 5.
Organization: and justice, II, 10-1, 18-9.
Ought: ethics and the word, I, 555; conscience in animals, II, 451-60.
Ownership: sentiment of, II, 28; of land, 440-4; (see also Property).
Pain: postulate underlying pessimism and optimism, I, 27-30, 45; reversed applications of good and bad conduct, 30-2, 45; pleasure of blessedness, 40-4, 45; guidance by remote, not proximate, 56. 85, 99; decreases vitality, 79-83, 87-91, 98, 100, 101, 214; popularly thought beneficial, 83-5, 98; evolution and derangement of guidance by, 85-7, 99; Bain on acts giving, 100; Barratt on consciousness, 100; genesis of moral control, 113-20, 130; problems of conduct, 150; hedonism and estimation of, 151-6, 163; relativity of feelings, 175-8; adaptation of future evolution, 182-6, 249, 307; egoism and general happiness, 189-91, 198; abnormal function and altruism, 231; development of sympathy, 244-6; evolution and altruistic limitation, 251-4, 254-7; absolute and relative ethics, 260; and illustrations, 261-5; also of relative ethics, 265-8; scope of ethics, 287; evolution and conciliation of egoism and altruism, 298-300; Sidgwick on pessimism, 306-8; also on relative and absolute ethics, 309-12; Benn’s criticism on optimism, 316-18; and sympathy, 560.
Panama scandals, II, 421.
Parasites: and evolution, II, 5; subhuman justice, 10.
Parenthood: I, 544-54; the supreme end, 544; obligations of. 544-7; prospective, 547-50, 553-4; improvident multiplication, 550-1, 551-3; interests of race and individuals, 553-4.
Parents: control of morality symbolized, I, iv.; conciliation of interests, 242-4; organic altruism, 290-2; blaming of children, II, 314-5; beneficence of, 343-50; need for restrictions, 343; education by, 343-5; “spoiling” children, 345-6; proportionate kindness, 346-8; wealth, 348-50; slight consciousness by children of duty to, 351-3; its importance, 353-4; children’s claims, 371.
Parliament: compromise, II, 148; officialism, 233; limitation of, 235-6.
Parties: benefit of social, I, 512-3.
Party-government, evils of, II, 413-6.
Patent: property in inventions, II, 110; term of, 112-3.
Pathology: relation to physiology, I, 276; knowledge of biology, 309; social, 312.
Paupers (see Poor).
Payments, restraints on undeserved: II, 298-306; examples from music, 298-9; from cab fares, 300-2; from hotels, 302; from railways, 302-5; unnecessary, 305-6.
Peace: and sentiment of justice, II, 34.
Perfection, meaning of, I, 32-4, 45.
Personalty, right of gift, II, 124-5.
Pessimism: worth of life, I, 26, 45; II, 830; agreement with optimism, I, 27-30, 45; Sidgwick on, 306-8; Benn’s criticism, 316-8; and life, II, 5.
Philanthropy (see Beneficence, Generosity).
Physicians, competition, II, 283.
Physiology; evolution of structure, function, ana conduct, correlated, I, 8-10; interdependence of functions, 75; pleasure favourable to vitality, 87-91, 100, 101; social division of labour, 143-6; relation to pathology, 276; and biological knowledge, 309; social, 312.
Pictures, pleasure from, I, 525-6.
Piece-work (see Competition).
Pity in animals, II, 33.
Plato: ideal good, I, 36; origin of right and wrong, 51; pleasure, 163; and the ideal man, 278; justice, II, 38-40; republic of, 218.
Pleasure: postulate underlying pessimism and optimism, I, 27-30, 45; reversed applications of good and bad conduct, 30-2, 45; intuition theory, 38-40; of blessedness, 40-4, 45; ultimate moral aim, 46; guidance by proximate and ultimate, 56, 85, 99, 109-13, 130; increases vitality, 79-83, 87-91, 98, 100, 101; thought detrimental, 83-5, 98; evolution and derangement of guidance by, 85-7, 99; Barratt on consciousness, 1001 Bain on acts giving, 100; and genesis of moral control, 113—20, 130; sense of duty, 128, 130; problems of conduct, 150; hedonism and estimation of, 151-6, 163; relation between means and ends, 156-60, 160-2; Bentham, Plato, and Aristotle on, 163-8; structure; and relativity of, 178-80, 180-2, 186; adaptation of future evolution, 182-6, 249, 307; egoism and general happiness, 189-91, 198; heredity and general happiness, 191-3, 198; also egoism, 193-6, 198; egoistic, of altruism, 212-15; effect of age, 213; of normal functions and altruism, 231; development of sympathy, 244-6; sympathy and evolution of conduct, 249-51; evolution and altruistic limitation, 251-4, 254-7; absolute and relative ethics, 260; also illustrations, 261-5; education and knowledge of things, 262; relative ethics illustrated, 265-8; organic altruism, 290; structure and altruistic evolution, 300; Sidgwick on pessimism, 306-8; and on relative and absolute ethics, 309-12; Benn on optimism, 316-18; labour, 487-8: life, 505; waste and repair, 527; (see also Altruism, Egoism, Happiness, Pleasure).
Poetry: altruistic development, I, 215; praise in, II, 324-6.
Poker: use and appearance, II, 403.
Political economy, justice, II, 154-5.
Political rights: of women, II, 165-6; so-called, 174-80; current misconceptions, 174-5, 179-80; political means and ends, 174-9.
Politics: and causation, II, 49; induction, 57-60; (see Beneficence, Political).
Pollock, Sir F., on land laws, II, 89, 90.
Polyandry: and social state, I, 448; and chastity, 449-51.
Polygamy: approved. I, 327-8; and social state, 448; and chastity, 449-51.
Poor law: effects, II, 245-6; and “right,” 63.
Poor: relief of, II, 376-94; three kinds of, 376; by rates, 376-8, 394; the poor laws, 378-82; by voluntary organization, 382-6; by individuals, 386-9; the natural form, 389-92: needful regulation, 392-4; amount of English, 442-3.
Popularity: political beneficence, II, 416-8.
Population: and poor relief, II, 379; prospective, 431-2.
Portraits, and praise, II, 327.
Post office, and private enterprise, II, 248.
Power, female love of, II, 196-7, 340.
Praise, restraints on: II, 322-8, 330; and truthfulness, 322-3; beauty, 323-4; literature and the arts, 324-6; agreement with opinions, 326-7; testimonials, 326; prospective, 327-8.
Presents: at weddings, II, 406-7; at Easter and Christmas, 407; (see also Gifts).
Press (see Publication).
Professions, competition in, II, 283-4.
Property: inheritance. I, 487; sentiment of, II, 28; in land, 84-92, 152; relation to land, 94-8; communism, 100-1; absolute and relative ethics, 101-2; and taxation, 102; right or incorporeal, 103-17, 153; in inventions, 109-13; in reputation, 113-7; and gifts, 118-9; and bequests, 119—21; mental products, 103-5, 152-3; copyright, 105-7, 153; term of copyright, 107-9, 153; rights of women, 160-3; of children, 172; State protection, 199; theft, 243; parental beneficence, 348-50; in land, 440-4.
Protozoa: adjustment of acts to ends, I, 10; genesis in, 15; incoherence of motions, 65; indefiniteness, 67; contact with nutritive matter, 100; altruism and fission of, 202.
Psychology: mental perfection, I, 34; causation and intellectual development, 47-9; development and relation to ethics, 62-3; psychical aspect of conduct, 64; æstho-physiology, 77-8; dependence of mind and body, 92; evolution and composition of mind, 102-4, 129; conduct and representativeness of motives, 104-9, 129; personal advantages of social intelligence, 208-11, 216; mental development and fertility, 246; sympathetic evolution and language of feelings, 246-9; education and knowledge of things, 262; relation to ethics, 308; experience hypothesis and heredity, 313; and justice, II, 156; intellectual evolution, 263-5, 265-8; (see also Altruism, Egoism, Emotions, Feelings).
Publication, right of free, II, 141-7, 154; free belief, 141-2; arguments against, 142-4; evolution of, 144-6.
Public schools, ethics of, II, 363; (see also Education).
Punishment: co-operation, II, 20-1; in board schools, 70; restraints, 320-1.
Pursuit, pleasures of, I, 157-60, 184.
Race-maintenance: altruism, I, 201-4, 216, 237; conciliation of interests, 242-4.
Railways: intellectual strain, I, 494; social effects, 525; compensation by, II, 68-9; and disease, 69; evils of tips, 302-5; accidents, 304; suspension of contracts, 289-90; smoking, 83; rights to media, 84; wearisomeness of journey, 409; conscience in dog, 453.
Ravachol, “suppression” of, II, 272.
Reasoning: a priori, II, 54-7: inductive, 57-60; compromise, 148-9; (see also Logic).
Reflex action: relation to cognition, I, 104: instinct, 105.
Relative Ethics (see Ethics).
Relativity of pains and pleasures (see Pains, Pleasures).
Relatives, pecuniary aid to: II, 370-5; with near relatives, 370-3; more remote, 373-5; forethought needed, 375.
Religion: superstition of, I, 48; causation ignored by, 49-51; as influencing sentiments of ethics, 96; genesis of moral control, 116-20, 130, 318; its differentiation, 120-4, 130; genesis of duty, 127, 130; happiness, and ethics of, 171-3; ethical incongruities, 259; relation to ethics, 307-11, 322-4; temperance, 435-6; and intoxication, 440; unchastity, 458, 460; social state, 473; right of free worship, II, 136-9; free speech, 145; and freedom, 267.
Representativeness: differentiation of moral control, I, 120-4, 130; genesis and transitoriness of duty, 124-9, 130; of feelings and conduct, 151; pleasure of games, 157; and of nutrition, 159; of feelings, and. evolution of sympathy, 246-9.
Reproduction, and individuation, I, 532-3, 554.
Reputation, and incorporeal property, II, 113-7.
Respiration, increased by light, I, 89.
Rest: 493-9; ethically enjoined, I, 493; rhythm, 493-5; daily amount of, 495-7; weakly, 497-8; and altruism, 498-9.
Restraints (see Competition, Contracts).
Retaliation, sentiment of justice, II, 29-30.
Retrospect, with addition, II, 148-56.
Revenge: I, 361-8; and aggression, 361-2; an obligation, 362-5; and forgiveness, 365-7; and militancy, 367-8; justice, 369; for family, 369-72; for individual, 372-3; formula of justice, II, 47-8.
Revenue, and gifts, II, 125-6.
Rhythm, in reasoning, II, 54.
Right: evolution of, I, 307-11; confusion of, 325-6; ethics, and the word, 555; meaning of, 62-3; to physical integrity, 64-71: to free motion, 72-9; to natural media, 80-93; to property, 94-102; to incorporeal property, II, 103-17; to light and air, 80-1, 81-2, 82-4, 92, 152; to the earth. 84-92, 152; to property, 94-102; Kant on, 437-9; (see also Gifts, Property).
Roads: in London, II, 418-9.
Robbery: I, 352-60; militancy, 352-4, 356-9; “lifting,” 355; honorable, 354-6; amity, 359-60; hospitality, 380; ethics, 557; (see also Theft).
Rome, law in, II, 53.
Rooks, co-operation, II, 11, 13, 30.
Royalty, and invention, II, 285.
Russia, property in land, II, 86-7.
Salisbury, Lord: on abstract ideas, I, 240-4.
Salvation Army: uproar, II, 137; at Eastbourne, 267.
Sanctions, the ultimate: II, 329-32; origin of obligation to be beneficent, 329.
Savage, the word, I, 394-6.
Schools (see Education).
Science: relation to ethics, I, 61, 308; evolution of empirical to rational, 268-71; belief in causation, 296; evolution of, 516; and culture, 516-8, 519; causation, II, 49-50; induction, 57-60.
Sculpture, pleasure from, I, 526.
Sensations: and food, 1, 500-4; (see also Feelings, Psychology).
Sentences, disproportion of legal, II, 234.
Sentiments: ethical, I, 325-39; “pro-ethical,” 337-9; and ideas, II, 35-6.
Sexes: relations of, I, 327-8; and free speech, II, 143-4; (see also Chastity, Women).
Shakespeare, “the wish,” &c., II, 349-50.
Shame, ethical sentiments, I, 336-7.
Shooting, as amusement, I, 528.
Sick, aiding the: II, 355—61; limits in family, 355-7: limits outside, 357-60; training for, 360-1.
Sidgwick, H.: on egoistic and universalistic hedonism, I, 151-6, 163; method of hedonism, 156; Methods of Ethics, 259, 273; and the ideal man, 279; teleological view of conduct, 304-6; pessimism, 306-8; relation of ethics to sciences, 308; relative and absolute ethics, 309-12; empirical utilitarianism, 312.
Sisters, pecuniary aid, II, 370-3.
Skye, contracts of crofters, II, 288.
Slavery: and generosity, I, 387; varied opinions on, 468-9; and heraldry, 469; and rights to free motion, II, 74-5, 75-8, 152; and murder, 66; miseries of, 431.
Sleep: amount of, I, 495-7.
Smell: acquirement of food, I, 81; psychical evolution, 102-4, 106; relativity of pleasures, 179.
Smoking: a sin, I, 327; right to air, II, 83, 305.
Sobriety (see Temperance).
Social Statics: the title, I, 171; morality delined, 271.
Socialism: idea of justice; II, 41; aim of, 44; and strikes, 245; and wages, 278-9; poor relief, 379.
Society: social and individual life, I, 60, 134, 136, 148; equilibrium of units and, 71—4, 74, 168-71; evolution and guidance by feelings, 86, 99; genesis of moral control, 116-20, 130; its differentiation, 120-4, 130; genesis of duty, 127, 130; codes of militancy and industrialism, 134-7, 148; of industrialism, 137-9, 148; co-operation of industrialism, 139-43, 148; physiological and sociological division of labour, 143-6; limit to evolution of conduct, 146-8, 149; evolution of altruism in, 204-6, 216; egoism and government, 208, 216; personal advantages of physical, moral, and intellectual improvement of, 208-11, 216; universality of social altruism, 217; pure altruism and evolution of, 229-31, 236: egoism and altruism, compromise, 237-41; development of sympathy, 244-6; its further evolution, 246-9; evolution and altruistic limitation, 251-4, 254-7; absolute and relative ethics, 267; absolute ethics, 275; ideal, and ideal man, 277-80; regulation of private conduct, 282-4; and of public, 284-6; evolution of, and of altruism, 293-5; future altruistic evolution, 295-7; egoism and altruism of insects, 300-2; structure, and altruistic evolution, 302; Sidgwick on relative and absolute ethics, 309-12; physiology and pathology of, 312; highest form, II, 269.
Societies, philanthropic, II, 383-4.
Sociology: complexity, I, 464; varying ethical sentiments, 468-70; and culture, 518-20; discrimination, II, 268.
Socrates, and the ideal man, I, 278; justice, II, 38-40; death, 138.
Soil (see Earth, Land).
Sound: subjectivity of, I, 174; relativity of pains, 178; and pleasures, 179; evolution of sympathy and language of feelings, 246-9.
Space, and experience-hypothesis, I, 123.
Species: law of preservation, II, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 12-3, 13-4, 149-51; maintenance and gifts, 118; beneficence and life, 330-2; maintenance of; (see Life).
Speech: right of free, II, 141-7, 154; free belief, 141-2; arguments against, 142-4; evolution of, 144-6; limitation, 147.
Spencer, Eev. T., on poor laws, II. 381-2.
Sport, sharing of, II, 96; (see also Amusements).
State, constitution of the: II, 188-200; and militancy, 188-9; industrialism, 189-91; human interests, 191-3; transitional, 193-4; State burdens, 198-200.
State, duties of: II, 201-14; war and government, 202-4, 208-9, 209-11, 212-4; administration of justice, 204-8, 209-11; authorizations, 211-2; limits of, 215-27; paternal government, 215-7; militant conception of functions, 217-9; transitional state, 219-20; true conception, 220-2; and justice, 222-5; voluntary association, 228-9; specialization, 229-30; competition, 230-2; evils of officialism, 232-5; need of limitation, 235-6; complexity of social matters, 237-9; pursuit of happiness, 239-40; legislation and principles, 240-4, 249-50; voluntary enterprise, 247-9; concluded, 251-60; formation of chamber, 251-2, 252-3, 253-5; evils of uniformity, 255-6, 256-8; spontaneous adaptation, 258-9; law of life, 259-60.
State, The: education by, I, 544-7, 547-50; nature of, II, 181-7; evolution of, 181-2; nature variable, 182-3, 187; varied functions, 183-7; poor relief by, 376-8, 394.
Stealing (see Robbery).
Steam engine, current conception, II, 174; (see also Machinery, Mechanics).
Stewart, of New York, II, 281-2.
Stimulation, I, 508-13; ethical subject-matter, 508-9; absolute ethics, 509-10, 513; relative ethics, 510-2, 513; and vital requirements, 512-3.
Strikes, effects, II, 244-5.
Structure: evolution of conduct, I, 8-10; relativity of pleasures, 178-80, 180-2; pleasure and adaptation of future evolution, 182-6, 249, 307; adaptation and relation to function, 188; relation to pleasure, 263.
Sub-human justice (see Justice).
Suffering, pleasure in seeing, I, 392-4, 394-6.
Sumptuary Laws, II, 154.
Sunday: the weekly rest, I, 497-8; schools and social beneficence, II, 398.
Sunlight and female beauty, I, 481.
Survival of the fittest: conduct, I, 17-9, 320-1; and food, 501; co-operation, II, 12; sub-human justice, 8, 150; human justice, 17; social, 274; and disease, 356; poor relief, 393.
Sympathy: evolution and conciliation of egoism and altruism, I, 244-6, 298-300; its further evolution, 246-9; evolution of conduct, 249-51; evolution and altruistic limitation, 251-4, 254-7; ethical incongruities, 259; altruistic evolution, 297; generosity, 378, 391; and humanity, 390; with pain, 560; sentiment of justice, II, 31-4; in animals, 33; competition, 285-6; undeserved payments, 298-9.
Taste: contact and assimilation of food, I, 80; psychical evolution, 102-4; sweetness of sugar, 174; relativity of pleasures, 178.
Taxation: and right to property, II, 102; state constitution, 198-200; a diminution of freedom, 223.
Tea: effect of, I, 510.
Teleology, legitimate and illegitimate, I, 304-6.
Temper, and moderation, II, 321.
Temperance: I, 435-47; and religion, 435-6; gluttony, 436-8; other traits, 438-40; intoxication, 441-3; social conditions, 443-4; civilization, 444-5; ethical and pro-ethical sentiment, 445-7; John Bull, 447.
Testimonials: and praise, II, 327.
Theatre: as amusement, I, 526-7, 530; idea of justice, II, 35.
Theft: intuition theory, I, 39; moral cheek on, 120; equal ness of justice, 165; varying sentiments of, 469-70; ideas of, II, 37; right of property, 99-100; and happiness, 239-43; (see Robbery).
Theology (see Religion).
Theories, co-ordination of, II, 42.
Thermometer, and perception, II, 236.
Thought, scarcity of, II, 343-4.
Timidity, heart disease, II, 366.
Tips, undeserved payments, II, 300-2, 302-5.
Toast, use and appearance, II, 403.
Tobacco: use of, I, 511; right to air, II, 83.
Toleration Act: of 1688, II, 138.
Torture, approved by deity, I, 29, 45, 96; (see also Cruelty).
Touch: assimilation of food, I, 80; relativity of pleasures, 179.
Trade: Socratic reasoning, I, 39; (see also Industry).
Trades Unions: machinery and piece work, II, 279-81; and wages, 291-4, 294-6.
Trains (see Railways).
Travellers, trustworthiness of, I, 464.
Travelling: effects, I, 525.
Truth: varying sentiments on, I, 470; necessity of, II, 57; and praise, 322-3; poor relief, 388; (see also Veracity).
Unchastity: a virtue, I, 470; (see also Chastity).
Unemployed: effect of wages, II, 291—4, 294-6.
Uniformity, conception of morality, I, 70.
United States: liberty in, II, 178; (see also America).
Usury: rates, II, 130; penalties on, 155.
Utilitarianism: causation ignored by, I, 56-8, 58-61; evolution and experience, 124; universalistic hedonism, 153; Bentham on justice and happiness, 162-8; “the greatest-happiness principle,” 220, 235; and as public policy, 221-4, 235; also private, 224-6, 235; transfer of happiness, 231-3, 236; pure universal altruism, 233-5, 236; summary of “greatest-happiness principle,” 235-7; rational and empirical, 312; ethics of, and laws of life, 313; in ethics, 318-20, 324.
Vanity: restraints on, II, 323-4.
Vendetta, and militancy, I, 367.
Veracity: I, 400-9; exaggeration, 400-1; and industrialism, 402-4, 409; militancy and coercion, 404-7, 409; despotism, 407-9.
Virtue, conception of. I, 34-8, 45.
Vision, evolution of, II, 264.
Votes: and political rights, II, 175-9, 180, 194; effect of increasing, I, 192; by women, 197-8.
Wage, Prof. H., criticism of, I, 319.
Wages: effect of merit in workers, II, 278-9; employers and employed, 291-4, 294-6; exchange, 129, 130; regulation, 155; undeserved payments, 300-2.
War: and aggression, I, 343-7, 850; human justice, II, 21-4; (see also Militancy).
Waste, physiological; ethical analogy, I, 59; equilibrium with repair, 143, 283; and pleasure, 213.
Watch, simile from motion of, I, 295.
Watt, James, inventions, II, 111.
Wealth: current misconceptions, II, 175; parental beneficence, 348-50.
Weddings, cost of, II, 406.
Whist, as amusement, I, 529.
White, Arnold: on colonization, II, 246.
Wine (see Drunkenness, Stimulation).
Wolseley, Lord, on the soldier, I, 346.
Women: labour, I, 328-30; robbery, 353-4; status, 375-6; work, 424-8; individuality, 469; death of husbands, 469-70; culture and health, 520-1; children and maternal age, 538-9; rights of, II, 157-66; freedom and ability, 157-9, 159-60; husband’s and wife’s claims, 160-3; evolution of, status, 163-5; political rights, 165-6; characteristics and use of political power, 194-8; prolonged ill-treatment of, 335-6; its modification, 336-7; man’s duty to, 338-9; love of power, 340.
Words: obtaining essential meaning of, I, 21; primitive connection with things, 35.
Workmen, employers’ liability, II, 68-9.
Worship: right to free, II, 136—40, 154; really profession of, 136-7; its establishment, 137-9; limitation, 139-40.
Worth, definition of. I, 318.
Wrong, ethics and the word, I, 555.
Wrong-doing, effect of persistence in, I, 458
THE END.
