The Conquest of Poverty
Index
Africa, 28, 162
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 97, 98, 102–104, 201, 202
Aid, foreign, 159–177; cost of, 170–172
Amenities, 51
American Enterprise Institute, 91n.
American Relief Administration, 17
Ancient world, 13
Annalist, The, 117n.
Anne, Queen, 73
Anticapitalist mentality, 47
Argentina, 19
Ashton, T. S., 17n.
Asia, 28, 162
Augustus, Emperor, 68
Aurelian, Emperor, 68
Australia, 122
Austria, 85, 122
Automobiles, 51, 57, 212–213
Bailward, W. A., 74
Baltimore, 93
Banfield, Edward C., 182–183
Bastardy, 78, 196
Bastiat, Frederic, 190
Bauer, P. T., 176n.
Beame, Abraham, 101
Belgium, 122
Bennett, M. K., 35
Beveridge, Sir William, 86
Biafra, 18
Bismarck, Otto von, 85
Blind, Aid to the (AB), 97, 201, 209
Bliss, William D. P., 180n.
Böhm-Bawerk, 223n.
Böhmert, 180
Booth, Charles, 180
Boswell, James, 215n.
Bouthoul, Gaston, 15n.
Brezhnev, Leonid I., 124
Britannica, Encyclopedia, quoted, 15, 74, 85
Brozen, Yale, 147
Budget deficits, 148
Burns, Arthur, 147
Caesar, Julius, 68
“Cake,” how to bake a bigger, 220–222, 226
California, 100
Campbell, Colin D. and Rosemary G., 89n.
Canada, 122
Capital accumulation, 123, 138–139, 148, 231
Capital investment, 123, 138–139; per production worker, 139
Capitalism, 40, 43, 50, 52, 54, 124, 153–158, 177; as cure for poverty, 232–234
Carleson, Robert, 102
Carlyle, Thomas, 16
Census, Bureau of, 35, 36, 37
Chadwick, Edwin, 74
Charity, private, 191, 197, 201–202, 207, 214–215, 234; Greatest Economic, 214
Charles II, 41
Chile, 173
China, 17, 18, 28
Cholesbury, 74
Cities, “Model,” 97
“Class cultures,” 182
Claudius, 68
Collectivist Economic Planning, 158n.
Commission, Royal, report of 1832, 74–83, 191; report of 1905
Communism, 172–174
Community Action Agencies, 99
Competition, 152, 211, 233
Conference Board, 139n.
Congo, 18
Constantinople, 68
Corporation Income: division of, 45–48; 114, 213
Corporations, 45–48, 114, 213, 231
Cuba, 172–173
Darwin, Charles, 16
Deficits, 148
De Leon, Daniel, 113
Denmark, 122
Department of Commerce, U. S., 219, and passim
Destruction, 19, 234
Dickens, Charles, 82
Diminishing returns, law of, 24
Diocletian, Emperor, 70–71
Disabled, aid to, 97, 201, 209
Distribution: of income, 40–58, 231; misleading term, 56–58
Dividends, 45, 114
Dollars, 174
Drug addicts, 200
Dunning, Richard, 73
Economic Advisers, Council of, 32, 33, 45
Economic Calculation, 158, 233; in the Socialist Society, 158n.
Economic Consequences of the Peace, The, 219
“Economic Growth,” 149
Economic Opportunity, Office of, 97
Economic Report of the President, 37, 45
Economics In One Lesson, 147
Economist, The London, 215
Education, 51–52, 97, 98, 182, 205–207, 234
Egypt, 15, 173, 219
Electric power, 50
Elizabeth, Queen, 41, 72, 105, 190
Encyclopedia Britannica, quoted, 15, 74, 85
Encyclopedia of Social Reform, The, 180
England, famine in, 14, 15; History of, 159; Poor laws of, 72–84, 111; population of, 16–17. See also Great Britain and United Kingdom
Employment, government-guaranteed, 105–112
Envy, 32, 217; on appeasing, 125–130
Equality, 124; of destitution, 234
Erhard, Ludwig, 168–169
Erlich, Paul, 27
Europe, 168
“Exploitation,” 47
Expropriation, 211
Fable of the Bees, 216
Faguet, Emile, 128n.
Failure of the New Economics, The, 149
Fairchild, Henry Pratt, 17n.
Fallacy of “providing jobs,” 105–112
False remedies for poverty, 143–149, 230–231
Faltermayer, Edmund K., 65n.
Family Allowance Act, 86
Family Assistance Plan, 97
Family incomes, 48–49
Famine, 14–15, 17–18
Farm subsidies, 120, 148
Federal contribution to relief, 94–96, 197
Feeble-minded, 209
First National City Bank, 122n., 123, 212
Fisher, Irving, 124
Fitzwilliams, Jeanette M., 37
Food, 218
Food stamps, 97, 120, 148, 199–200
Ford, Henry, 212–213
Ford Motor Co., 212–213
Foreign aid, 159–177; cost of, 170–172
Foreign investment, 159–177
Forgotten man, 148
Fortune, 65n.
Foundation for Economic Education, 176n.
France, 15, 122, 126
Franchise, and relief recipients, 202–205
Free enterprise, 175, 187, 232–234
French Revolution, 128; of 1848, 126
Friedman, Milton, 147
Friedman, Rose D., 33–36
Fuchs, Victor R., 38n.
“Full employment,” 149
“Gapology,” 176
Garvey, Marcus, 64
General Accounting Office, 101
General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, The, 219–222
George, Henry, 121
Germany, 85, 122, 168–169
Glazer, Nathan, 99
Government, role of, 187–209, 231
Gracchus, Gaius, 67
Gracchus, Tiberius, 66, 120
Great Britain, 86, 167–169. See also England & United Kingdom
Greece, 69
Green, Edith, 97
Gross national product, 42
Guaranteed annual income, 116–117, 143, 230
Haberler, Gottfried, 147
Hardin, Garrett, 29n.
Harper, F. A., 214
Harvard, 168
Haskell, H. J., 67
Hayek, F. A. von, 158n., 176n., 191, 227n.
Hazlitt, Henry, 116n., 158n.
Head Start, 97, 98
Health, Education and Welfare, Department of, 98, 103–104
Health insurance, compulsory, 85
Health programs, 97
Health Service Act, 86
Heckscher, Eli, 216
Henry VIII, 73
Himmelfarb, Gertrude, 22
Hoff, T. J. B., 158n.
Holmes, Justice, 125
Hoover, Herbert, 18
Housing, public, 97, 98
Howe, M. de Wolfe, 125n.
Human Action, 158n.
Human Events, 98n.
Human Resources Administration, 101, 200
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 207
Hungary, 85
Hunger and History, 13
Hutt, W. H., 63, 91
Illusions of Point Four, 176n.
Impatience, 19, 234
Incentives, 185, 204, 209, 230, 231
Income, 43; business and professional, 45, 114; distribution of, 40–58; in dividends, 45, 114; disposable personal per capita, 115; of employees, 46; family, 48–49; from farming, 45; guaranteed annual, 116–117, 143; in interest, 45, 114; international comparisons, 55–56; median, 43, 44; personal, 114; redistributing, 113–124, 143; rental, 45; sources of, 44–45; of stockholders, 46–47, 114; in wages, 45, 114
Income Tax, 114–115, 122, 231; “negative,” 116–120
Indeterminacy theory, 132
India, 15, 17, 37, 173, 209
Industrial Revolution, 16, 18, 25, 41, 54, 55, 160, 178
Inequality of incomes, 53, 233, 234
Inflation, 70, 96, 148–149
“Instinct of workmanship,” 115
Institute of Economic Affairs, 176n.
Intelligent Woman’s Guide to Socialism and Capitalism, The, 218n.
Interest, 45, 114
International Economic Policy Association, 163
Investment 123, 138–139, 214–228, 234; foreign, 159–177; per production worker, 139
Ireland, 17, 18
Italy, 122
Japan, 122, 161–162
Job Corps, 97
Jobs, fallacy of providing, 105–112; opportunity program, 98; ownership of, 133; training, 97
Johnson, Lyndon B., 32, 72, 83
Johnson, Samuel, 125, 215
Kershner, Howard E., 113n.
Keynes, John Maynard, Lord, 219–227
Keynesianism, 140, 222, 224–225
King, Gregory, 73
Knight, Frank H., 121
Labor unions. See Unions
Labor Party, British, 127
Labor-saving machinery, 145, 231
Labor Statistics, Bureau of, 36
Labor theory of value, 156
Laissez-faire, 169, 179
Land reform, 120, 143
Laski, Harold J., 125n.
Latin America, 28, 167
Lawyers, 99
Lend-Lease, 167–168
Levellers, 125
Lloyd George, David, 83, 86
“Lower-class culture,” 182–183
Luck, 184–185
Luxuries, 53
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 159–160
McGovern, Senator George, 120
Malthus, Thomas R., 16, 20–30, 40, 217
Man vs. the Welfare State, 116, 147, 176n.
Mandeville, Bernard, 216
Marginal utilities, 53
Marshall, Alfred, 41, 42n.
Market, free, 124, 152
“Market is color-blind, The,” 63
Marryat, Captain Frederick, 216
Marshall, General George C., 168
Marshall Plan, 167–169, 174
Marxist labor theory of value, 156
Meadows, Dennis, 27
Means test, 199
Medicaid, 97, 120
Medicare, 87, 120
Mercantilism, 216
Merit vs. “Luck,” 184–185
Michigan, 100
Middle Ages, 14, 15
Middle East, 167
Midshipman Easy, Mr., 216
Mill, John Stuart, 24–25, 56–57, 139–140, 188–189, 191, 193–195, 203–205
Miller, Herman P., 37n., 38n., 50, 55
Minimum wage laws, 63, 107, 147, 230
Mises, Ludwig von, 158n., 214
Model cities, 97
Money, 152, 155, 216, 218
Myrdal, Gunnar, 145
National City Bank, 122n., 123, 212
National Enquirer, 27n.
National Health Service Act, 86
National Insurance Act of 1911 (British), 83, 86
“Negative Income Tax,” 116–120, 230
Negroes, 147, 182; economic gains of, 59–65
Neo-Malthusianism, 23, 27, 29
Netherlands, 122
Nevada, 100
New Deal, 72
New Deal in Old Rome, The, 67
New York City, 79, 93, 101–102, 200
New York magazine, 100n.
New York Times, 99n., 101, 103n., 117n., 124n., 196n., 200n.
Newsweek, 101n.
Nixon, President, 27, 88, 91, 104
Norris-LaGuardia Act, 142
Norway, 122
Nutrition, “adequate,” 34–35
OASDI program, 89
Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), 97, 98, 99
Oil companies, 167
Old Age Assistance (OAA), 97, 120, 148, 209
Old Age Pensions Act of 1908 (British), 83
Opinion Research Corporation, 46
Pakistan, 173
Paradox of relief, 207–209
Pareto, Vilfredo, 53
Pareto’s Law, 53–54
Passman, Otto E., 170
Paupers, 200–201
Pensions, 86
Perry, Commodore M. C., 161–162
Peru, 173
Phonographs, 51
Pigou, A.C., 54, 106
Point Four, 169–170, 176n.
Poor, “deserving” and “undeserving,” 184–186
Poor Laws: Amendment Act of 1834, 74–80, 111, 191, 193–195; Elizabethan, 105; of England, 29, 72–84; reform of 1834, 74–82, 111, 193–195; of Rome, 66–71
Poor Relief in ancient Rome, 66–71. See also Relief
Poorer, why some are, 178–186
Population: Bomb, 27; Essay on, 16, 20–30, 40; growth of, 17, 29; Malthus on, 20–30; and poverty, 20–30; “zero growth,” 29
Positive Theory of Capital, 223
Poverty: article on, 180; capitalism as cure for, 232–234; causes of, 178–186; “conditions associated with,” 181–182; cure for, 209, 229–234; defining, 31–39; false remedies for, 143–149; individual, 178–186; “line,” 209; mass, 232; paradox of, 179; pockets of, 178–179; and population, 20–30; problem of, 13–19, 186, 209; reasons for, 178–186; as residual problem, 18, 232; “threshold,” 36, 37, 38, 209; “war on,” 32; and Waste, 32, 215
Prentice, E. Parmalee, 13, 19
Price and wage controls, 71, 149
Private charity, 191, 197, 201–202, 207, 234
Private property, 124, 152; public purpose, 210–228
Production of wealth, 176, 186, 209, 231, 233
Profits, 45–48, 152, 213, 231; “excessive,” 48
Property, private, 124, 152; public purpose, 210–228
Pyramids of Egypt, 219
Radios, 51
Railways, 219, 234
Reagan, Governor Ronald, 100, 102, 103
Redistribution of income or wealth, 113–124, 143, 230–231
Refrigerators, 51
Relief, 93–104, 120, 148; “adequate,” 194; cash or kind, 199; dilemma of, 81–84, 194–195; Federal contribution to, 197–199; government role in, 187–209; ideology, 176; in form of loans, 204–205; as makeshift, 202, 230; means test for, 199; paradox of, 207–209, 230; recipients of, 202; uniform, 198. See also Welfare
Rent subsidies, 97, 98, 120, 148, 199–200
Representative Government, 203
Revolution, 128; French, of 1789, 128; of 1848, 126
Ricardo, David, 16, 190, 197–198, 217
Rich, as workers, 55
Rich Man, Poor Man, 37n., 38n.
Right to vote, 202–205
Roberts, George E., 212–213
Rome, ancient, famine in, 14; poor relief in, 66–71, 120, 190
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 32, 72, 87, 205
Rostovtzeff, M., 67, 69n., 70
Roth, Wm. V., Jr., 98
Rothbard, Murray C., 121
Royal Commission, report of 1832, 74–83, 191; report of 1905
Ruritania, 221–222
Russia, 17, 18, 19, 151, 154, 167–168, 173
Rustin, Bayard, 61n.
St. Louis, Mo., 93
St. Paul, Minn., 183
Samuelson, Paul, 50
San Francisco, 93, 100
Saving, 214–228, 232, 234; three kinds of, 224–228
Schumpeter, Joseph A., 22
Schoeck, Helmut, 125–126
Self-help, 209
Senior, Nassau W., 74, 80–83, 231–232
Sennholz, Mary, 214n.
Shaw, George Bernard, 217–219, 225
Sickness benefits, 148
Single tax, 121
Slave labor in Rome, 69
Smith, Adam, 24, 41, 160, 211–212, 215–217
Snyder, Carl, 53–54
Snyder, Richard A., 104n.
Social Security, 87–93, 120, 205
Social Security Administration, 33, 181
Socialism, 127, 207, 231; an Analysis, 158n.; why it doesn’t work, 150–158, 233
Soviet Russia, 17, 18, 19, 151, 154, 167–168, 173
Speenhamland plan, 73, 75
Spending, gospel of, 215, 217, 231
Spread-the-work schemes, 231
State, role of. See Government
Strachey, J. St. Loe, 74
Strikes, 133–138, 142
Subsidies, 231. See also Rent Subsidies
Sugarman, Jule M., 200
Sweden, 122
Switzerland, 122
Taft-Hartley Act, 142
Taussig, F. W., 190
Taxation, 231. See also Corporation Income and Income Tax
Taxpayers, 115, 148, 199
Technological progress, 53
Telephones, 51
Television sets, 51
Thornton, William, 139–140
Tiberius, Emperor, 68
Time, 101n.
Time Will Run Back, 158n.
Times, New York. See New York Times
Tobin, James, 147
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 128–130
Toilets, 50
Trevelyan, G. M., 73, 227n.
Truman, President Harry S., 169
Turgot, Baron de, 24
“Two Nations,” 31
Unemployment “insurance,” 86, 90–93, 120, 148
Unheavenly City, The, 182n.
Unions, 231; how they reduce wages, 131–142
United Arab Republic, 173
United Kingdom, 122. See also England, Great Britain
United Nations, 28
United States, 122, 141, 151, 161, 162, 173, 209, and passim
U. S. News & World Report, 101n., 103n.
Upward Bound, 98
Value, labor theory of, 156
Veterans’ programs, 97, 120, 148
Victorian Age, 111
VISTA, 97
Vote, and relief recipients, 202–205
Wage-Hour Law, 145–146
Wages, 44, 45; how unions reduce, 131–142; indeterminacy theory, 132
Wagner-Taft-Hartley Act, 142
Walford, Cornelius, 15n.
Wall Street Journal, The, 104n.
War on Poverty, 72, 83
Warner, Professor A. G., 180–181
Washing machines, 51
Wealth: dividing, 113–124, 143; inherited, 55
Webb, Beatrice, 83
Welfare, 94–104. See also Relief
Welfare programs, number of, 97–99
Welfare State, 83; ballooning, 85–92
Welfare Myths vs. Facts, 103–104
Welfarism gone wild, 93–104
West Germany. See Germany
What You Should Know About Inflation, 149
Will Dollars Save the World?, 174, 176n.
Wirtz, W. Willard, 101
Withers, Hartley, 32n., 215
Wood, John B., 176n.
Wohlfartsstaat, 85
Work, 232
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 109
Youth, rebellious, 19
Yugoslavia, 168
