America's Second Crusade
Index
Abwehr (German Counterintelligence) , 294
Alexander, Marshal Sir Harold, 229, 230
Alfieri, Dino, Italian Ambassador to Germany, 105
Allied blockade during World War I, 5-8; effect of German submarine on, 6
Allied Control Council for Germany, 212
Allied Council in Paris, 261
Allied war crimes, 322 ff.
Alter, Viktor, 266 Amerasia, 255, 256
America First Bulletin, 115
America First Committee, 115-19, 145, 146; statement of principles, 115
American-British cross-channel invasion, 198
Anglo-German naval agreement, 55, 61
Anglo-Polish alliance, 61
Anti-Nazi movement in Germany, 293 ff.
Arms embargo clause, debate on, 102
Army Pearl Harbor Board investigation, 168, 171; Report to Secretary of War, 159; suppression of, 172
Assembly of National Liberation, 213
Atherton, Ray, 264
Atlantic Charter, reference to, 126, 137, 196, 237, 240, 264, 265, 285, 290, 297, 315, 337-39, 346, 351; Polish issue 264, 265; repudiation of, 240, 272, 283; text of, 140-41; violation of, 216, 311, 322 ff., 337 ff.
Atlantic Monthly, 246, 249
Atomic Energy, Special Committee on, 253
Attlee, Clement, at Potsdam, 312
Austria, partition of, 332; rise of Nazism in, 52; under Schuschnigg dictatorship, 52
Axis, declaration of war on U. S., 178
Axis peace offer to Britain, 105, 106
Axis surrender, 231
Badoglio, Marshal Pietro, 288
Balance of power after World War I. 43
Baltic area, sovietizing of, 73, 82; Soviet invasion of, 82, 338
Battle of the Bulge, 331
Beck, Colonel Josef, Polish Prime Minister, 45
Beck, General Ludwig, 293
Belgium, German invasion of, 75
Beneš, Eduard, Czechoslovak President, 53, 54, 229, 269, 270, 272, 352
Bentley, Elizabeth, 252, 305
Berle, Adolf, Assistant Secretary of State, 104
Berlin-Rome Axis, 48 Berlin, Soviet blockade of, 229
Bethmann-Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany, 11
Bevin, Ernest, 286; at Potsdam, 312, 321
Bliss, General Tasker, 17
Bohlen, Charles E., 211
Bolshevism, rise of, 27
Bombing Vindicated, quoted, 84
Bonnet, Georges, 54, 56
Bor-Komorowski, General T., 274
Borah, William E., Senator, 102
Brest-Litovsk, Peace of, 12
Britain, agreement with Japan (1939), 152-53; Anglo-Polish agreement, 57, 58, 68; committed to all-out victory, 106; Far-Eastern policy of, 152-54; Hitler peace proposal to, 83—85; Hitler’s plan to invade, 85; lend-lease to, 308; naval agreement with Nazi Germany, 46; zone of occupation in Germany, 212
British Intelligence Service, 10
British-Soviet agreement, 263
Brooks, C. Wayland, Senator, 129
Bucar, Annabelle, attacks State Department, 251
Buell, Raymond Leslie, Polish expert, 247
Bulgaria, Soviet occupation of, 204
Bulgarian purge, 204, 205
Bullitt, William C., Ambassador, 59, 99, 100, 186, 215; arranges French arms purchase, 100; suggests circumventing Neutrality Act, 100
Byrnes, James F., 208-11, 312, 320 ff.
Cadogan, Sir Alexander, at Dumbarton Oaks, 208; drafting of Atlantic Charter, 140, 142 Casablanca Conference, 286 ff.
Catholic Foreign Mission Society, 156
Cavell, Edith, 10
Central European federation, 270
Cerdo, Aguirre, President of Chile, 105
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 29
Chamberlain, Sir Neville, 57, 58, 64, 65, 69, 70, 101; acceptance of Hitler’s demands in Czechoslovakia, 55, 56; British dissatisfaction with, 76; distrust of Russia, 59, 64; meetings with Hitler, 54, 55; opposition to Polish guarantee, 101, 102
Chambers, Whittaker, 251, 252, 305
Chiang Kai-shek, 157, 166, 197, 207, 237, 255, 256, 259
China, Communism in, 335; Japanese occupation of, 149-51; Mao Tse-tung in, 259; Nationalist government of, 215, 255, 259; Soviet aggression in, 248, 259; Yalta agreement, 213-14
Chinese Communists, 215, 259
Christian Century, The, 110
Churchill, Winston, and World War II, 5, 7, 48, 50 ff., 74 ff., 106, 124 ff., 166, 179, 181-231; announces aid to Soviets, 138; appeal to U. S. for aid, 81; attempts to keep France in war, 78-80; efforts to draw U. S. intervention, 78-80, 106, 177; first wartime meeting with Roosevelt, 139-40; German issue, 286 ff., 308; German partition plan of, 302; opposes cross-channel invasion, 192; Polish issue, 264, 271, 272 ff.; at Potsdam, 312; at Quebec Conference, 307; requests lend-lease, 107, 108; requests American warships, 124, 125; seeks control of Greece, 203; supports partition of Poland, 182, 183; supports Tito in Yugoslavia, 200; at Teheran Conference, 196; visit to Moscow, (1942), 192; World Crisis, The, 7
Ciano, Count, Italian Minister, 68; views on Pearl Harbor, 178
Ciechanowski, Jan, 250, 270, 271
Civil Service Commission, 252
Clay, General Lucius D., 229
Clemenceau, Georges, 18
Cobb, Frank, 4, 13 Collier’s quoted, 302
Committee on Atomic Energy, 253
Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, 111-14, 145; advocates war, 114, 115; Women’s Division, of New York, 113
Committee of Free Germans, 289
Committee on Un-American Activities, 252
Communism, characteristics of, 31—37; conquest through revolution, 179, 181; and “master race” concept, 36; role of the proletariat, 37; similarity to fascism, 31-37; spread of, 339
Communism in State Department, 254
Communism and fascism, offsprings of World War I, 25-39
Communist International, 262
Communist party in Russia, rise of, 27
Communist Poland, 281 ff.
Communist sympathy in U. S., postwar, 232-37
Communistic atheism, 35
Communistic militarism, 33
Communistic nationalism, 36
Congress of Versailles, 311, 313
Congress of Vienna, 311, 313
Council of American-Soviet Friendship, 230
Crimean War, 248
Cripps, Sir Stafford, as British Ambassador to Soviet Russia, 81
Crusade in Europe. See Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Curzon Line in Poland, 261
Czechoslovakia, alliance with France, 53, 54;
Communist coup d’état, 229; as German satellite, 57; mobilization of, 53; separatist movement in, 57
Daladier, Édouard, 100
Dark Side of the Moon, The, 38
Davies, Joseph E., 245
Davis, Forrest, 185, 186
Dawes, Charles G., 119
Deane, General John R., 190, 191, 197
Declaration of war, World War I, 14
Denazification process, 327, 328
Dill, Sir John, 188
Doctrine of international revolution, 36
Dollfuss, Engelbert, assassination of, 43, 52
Dooman, Eugene, 161, 255 Dulles, Allen W., 297, 300
Dumba, Constantin, Austrian Ambassador, 10
Dumbarton Oaks Conference, 208, 302
Dunkirk, evacuation at, 75
Dunn, James C., 264
East Prussia, Potsdam agreement, 312
Economic Consequences of the Peace, 20
Economist (London), 322, 331
Eden, Anthony, 166, 263, 264, 276, 280, 297, 303; at Moscow Conference, 195, 196; at Potsdam, 312; at Yalta Conference, 212
Ehrlich, Henryk, 266
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 3, 227-29, 288, 291, 303; Crusade in Europe, 3
Espionage Act, 232; violation of, 107
European Advisory Commission, 209, 227, 229, 302
Far Eastern Policy, U. S., pre-war, 148-169.
Far Eastern Survey, 254
Fascism, characteristics of, 31—37; and the Church, 35, 36; and communism, offsprings of World War I, 25-39; principles of, 28; similarities to communism, 31-37
Fascistic militarism, 33
Fascistic nationalism, 36
Fay, Sidney B., 19
Field, Noel, 252
Fifth Seal, The, 241
Figaro, 315
Fight for Freedom, 120
Finland, Russian aggression in, 73, 74
Five Year Plan of U.S.S.R., 179
Flynn, John T., 145, 146
Foo Ping-sheung, Chinese Ambassador, at Moscow Conference, 195, 196
Forced-labor system, 34
Formosa, 219
Forrestal, James, 172
Fotitch, Constantin, 131
Four Freedoms, 126, 137, 196, 285, 297, 337 ff., 351
Fourteen Points of Wilson, 16, 126
France, capitulation of, 75, 80; Czechoslovakian alliance, 53, 54; Germany, occupation zone, 212
Franco, Generalissimo Francisco, 51, 52, 85
Franco-Polish alliance, 61
Franco-Russian alliance, 47, 101
Franco Spain, 51, 52
Frankfurter, Felix, 351
Free World Association, 236
Fuchs, Dr. Klaus, 253, 254
Gafencu, Grigore, Rumanian Ambassador to U.S.S.R., 87, 91
Gaulle, Charles de, 80, 212, 287
Gayn, Mark, 255
Gazeta Ludova, 282
German labor movement, 30
German-Polish nonaggression pact, 45
German slave labor, 314, 315, 323
German-Soviet nonaggression, pact, 66-68
German-Soviet rift, 86-92
German surrender, 228
German underground movement, 293 ff.
German White Paper, The, 59
Germany, after World War I, 40, 41, 43; aggression in Poland, 70-72; aid to Franco Spain, 51; Allied loot of, 324 ff.; anti-Semitism in, growth of, 29, 30; denazification in, 327, 328; industry, postwar, 315 ff.; Kreisau circle, 293; Level of Industry agreement, 312, 331; London Statute, 354; Morgenthau Plan, 210, 237, 240, 252, 285, 286, 295, 300, 304-8, 310, 316, 334, 347; offense against Poland, 67-70; partition of, 209, 301; postwar, 354, 355; Potsdam agreement, 312 ff., 322; reparations commission in, 209; slave labor in, 210, 217; starvation in, postwar, 324 ff., 322; unconditional surrender of, 286 ff., 346; war crimes trials, 328-31; World War I reparations settlement, 18, 19; zones of occupation in, 212
Gisevius, Hans Bernd, 297
Goebbels, Josef, 36, 193, 286, 288, 291, 346
Goebbels’ Diaries, 35
Goerdeler, Karl Friedrich, 293, 298, 299
Gold, Harry, 254 Gore-McLemore resolution, 11
Göring, Hermann, 44, 50, 69; opposes Polish war, 69, 70
Greer incident, 143, 144 Grew, Joseph C., American Ambassador to Japan, 158, 161, 230, 255; meeting with Japanese Prime Minister Konoye, 161, 162; report to State Department, 162, 163
Grey, Sir Edward, 5, 8
Gromyko, Andrei, 192, 193, 208
Groves, General Leslie, 253
Groza, Petru, 222
Grzybowski, Polish Ambassador to Moscow, 72
Hacha, Emil, 57
Hackworth, Green H., legal adviser to State Department, 108
Hague Convention of 1907, violation of, 107
Halifax, Lord, 53, 57, 84, 203
Halsey, Admiral William, 239
Hankey, Rt. Hon. Lord, 292
Harper’s Magazine, 131
Harriman, Averell, 222, 333; Polish issue, 275 ff.
Hassel, Ulrich von, 293, 299
Haushofer, Albrecht, 91
Henderson, Sir Nevile, 50
Henlein, Konrad, 53, 54
Hess, Rudolf, 91
Hewitt, Admiral H. K., 172
Hickenlooper, Senator Bourke B., 256
High, Stanley, 145
Hindenburg, Paul von, World War I commander, 15
Hirohito, Emperor, 220
Hiss, Alger, trial of, 252, 253; at Yalta Conference, 251
Hitler, Adolf, 43-94; Anglo-German naval agreement with, 61; -Chamberlain talk, 54, 55; Czechoslovakian demands, 53-55; declaration of war on U. S., 148, 187; desire to preserve British Empire, 76; Mein Kampf, 33; peace offer to Britain, 83; peace offer to the Allies, 73; plot to assassinate, 298, 299; rise to power, 43
“Hollywood Goes to War,” quoted, 245
Hoover, Herbert, 105; opponent of intervention, 118, 119
Hopkins, Harry, 104, 124, 125, 127, 173, 181, 189, 190, 194, 198, 210, 212, 221, 230, 280 ff., 347; devotion to Roosevelt, 187, 188; Moscow mission, 138, 139; and Stalin, 189, 190; war powers of, 186, 187, 188
House Committee on Un-American Activities, 252
House, Col., E. M., 8, 11, 16, 17, 21, 187
House-Grey memorandum of 1916, 8
Hudson, Robert, 70
Hughes, Charles E., 11
Hull, Cordell, 89, 101, 102, 105, 155, 156, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 175, 184, 185, 341; at Moscow Conference, 195, 196; opposes appeasement of U.S.S.R., 195; opposition to German partition, 301; Polish issue, 264, 265, 271, 272; resignation of, 217, 218; ten-point message to Japan, 167, 169; visit to Moscow, 213
I Speak For the Silent, 38
Ickes, Harold, 187
Influence, spheres of, 203, 204
Institute of Pacific Relations, 254, 255
International revolution, doctrine of, 36
Interventionism in U. S., 108-19
Iran, 212
Iron Curtain, 236, 252
Isolationism in U. S., 108-19
Italian fascism, rise of, 27; state supremacy in, 28 Italy, aid to Franco Spain, 51; Badoglio government, 288; conquest of Ethiopia, 42; declaration of war on U.S., 178
Jackson, Robert H., Attorney General, 107, 328
Jaffe, Philip, 255, 256
Japan, postwar industry, 335; Konoye Cabinet, 160-63; Konoye peace proposal, 346; MacArthur in, 333; in Manchuria, 148; Peace proposal to U. S., 219, 220; postwar, 354, 355; reply to Hull proposal, 172, 173; seizure of Mukden, 148; war with China, 149-51; war with U. S., 174-77, 259
Japanese economy, postwar, 334 ff.
Japanese expansion in the Pacific, 148
Japanese-Soviet neutrality treaty, 90
Japanese-Soviet pact, implications of, 91
Johnson Act, 126
Katyn massacre, 267-69, 278, 330
Kearny, torpedoing of, 144
Kellogg Pact, 149
Kennan, George, 231
Kennedy, Joseph P., Ambassador to London, 59, 78, 99; as Roosevelt administration critic, 124; predicts British Socialism, 124
Kerr, Clark, 280
Kesselring, Marshal Albert, 224
Keynes, John Maynard, 20
Kimmel, Admiral Husband E., 158, 170, 171
King, Mackenzie, 192
Kluge, Field Marshal Gunther von, 298, 299
Knox, Frank, Secretary of the Navy, 105, 127, 132, 134, 146, 168
Koestler, Arthur, 249
Komsomolskaya Piavda, 33
Königsberg, Potsdam agreement, 312, 332
Konoye, Fumimaro, Japanese Prime Minister, 152, 157, 160, 341
Konoye Cabinet, 160-63
Korea, 219, 220
Kramer, Alvin D., Lieutenant Commander, 172, 173
Kreisau circle, 293 ff.
Kuni, Higashi, Japanese Imperial Prince, 220
Kurusu, Saburo, 164, 165, 168, 169
La Chambre, Guy, 100
La Follette, Robert M., 14
La Follette, Jr., Robert M., 102
Lamont, Corliss, 243
Landon, Alfred, 119
Lane, Arthur Bliss, 231, 281, 282
Lansing, Robert, Secretary of State, 17
Larsen, E. S., 255
Lattimore, Owen, 166, 254, 255
Laval, Pierre, 47, 80
League of Nations, 20, 41, 95, 196; failure of, 41, 42, 46; Germany admitted to, 28; Manchurian investigation by, 149; Soviet admittance, 41
Leber, Julius, 293
LeHand, Marguerite, 188
Lend-Lease Act, 109, 119, 129, 132; adoption of, 127, 129 Lend-lease with Britain, 107, 108, 117, 119, 129, 308 Lend-lease in China, 153 Lend-lease to U.S.S.R., 283
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyitch, 25, 27-30
Lerner, Max, 24
Leuschner, Wilhelm, 293, 298
Level of Industry agreement, 317, 331
Lindbergh, Anne Morrow, 116, 117
Lindbergh, Col. Charles A., 101, 109; America First activities, 116-18; names war agitators, 117, 118; opposes Lend-Lease Act, 117, 129; favors negotiated peace, 117
Lippmann, Walter, 247, 249
Lipski, Josef, 57
Lithuania, Russian aggression in, 68, 72
Litvinov, Maxim, 61, 62, 192, 265, 266
Lloyd George, David, British Prime Minister, 13, 16, 18, 58
Locarno, Pact of, 28
Locarno, Treaty of, 47
Lochner, Louis P., 295
Lothian, Lord, British Ambassador to U. S., 78, 105, 107
Louisville Courier-Journal, 10
Lublin Committee, 263
Luce, Clare Booth, 121
Luce, Henry, interventionist activities of, 113
Ludendorff, German Commander, World War I, 15
Ludlow, Louis, 98
Ludlow resolution, defeat of, 98
Lukasiewicz, Jules, Polish Ambassador to France, 56, 59
Lusitania, sinking of, 6
Luxemburg, German invasion of, 75
Lyttleton, Captain Oliver, 177
Lytton Commission, 149
MacArthur, Douglas, 220, 333
McCarthy, Senator Joseph, 254
McCloy, John J., Morgenthau Plan criticism, 309
McCormick, Anne O’Hare, 321
Madariaga, Salvador de, 41
Maginot Line, 48
Maisky, Ivan, 209, 265
Malmédy trial, 331
Manchuria, 216, 219, 220, 248; Chinese migration to, 149; Communist base in, 215; Japanese control of, 148, 149; occupation of, 215; Yalta agreement, 214
Manhattan project, 253
Mao Tse-tung, 259
Marshall, Gen. George C., 129, 188, 192, 340, 341
Marshall Plan, 325
Marx, Karl, 28, 35
Masaryk, Jan, 229
Massing, Hede, 252
Matsuoka, Yosuke, 90
Max of Baden, Prince, German Chancellor, 16
Mein Kampf, 33, 37, 49
Mihailovic, General Drazha, 199, 201
Mikolajczyk, Stanislaw, 269, 273-76
Mikoyan, Anastasius, 190, 191
“Minute Americans,” 113
Mission to Moscow, reference to, 245, 246
Mitchell, Kate, 255
Molotov, V. M., 61, 66, 71-73, 87-89, 92, 192, 195, 222, 224, 262, 274 ff., 333; at Moscow Conference, 195, 196; at Potsdam, 312; replaces Litvinov, 61, 62; requests European second front in West, 192; at Yalta Conference, 212
Mongolia, 214, 248
Monnet, Jean, 80
Montgomery, Field Marshal, 227
Morgenthau, Jr., Henry, 100, 165, 295, 301 ff.
Morgenthau Plan, 210, 237, 240, 252, 285, 286, 295, 300, 304-10, 316, 334, 347
Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers, 271, 301, 333
Mukden, Japanese seizure of, 148
Munich agreement, 55, 56, 152, 294
Munich Conference, 100
Munich crisis, 98 ff.
Munich incidents, 279
Mussolini, Benito, 25, 27, 28, 30, 33, 36, 46, 47, 48, 52, 55, 69, 86
Naggiar, M. Paul, 64
Nation, 244, 245
National Committee of Free Germans, 289
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, 243
National Socialism, rise of, 29, 52
Nationalist Government of China, 215
Nazi aggression in Poland, 70 ff.
Nazi control of Norway, 74
Nazi expansion in Czechoslovakia, 55 ff.
Nazi Germany, attack on Russia, 137 (see also Russia); capitulation of France to, 75, 80; invasion of Yugoslavia, 90; invasion of Soviet Union, 92, 93; Morgenthau Plan, 285, 286, 295, 300, 304-10, 316, 334, 347; occupation of Greece, 90; Operation Barbarossa against Russia, 89; plan to invade Britain, 85; Soviet war, origins of, 93, 94; war with U. S., 148
Nazi party, Sudeten, 53
Nazi-Soviet peace discussions, 192, 193
Nazi-Soviet rift, 86-92
Netherlands, German invasion of, 75
Neurath, Konstantin von, German Foreign Minister, 47
Neutrality Act, 96, 98, 99, 111, 126, 135, 145, 146; amendments to, 350; arms embargo clause of, 100-4; violation of, 341
Neutrality appeal of President Wilson, World War I, 3
New Deal, 349
New Republic, 244
New York Herald Tribune, quoted, 299, 351
New York Post, 303
New York Times, 114; quoted, 177
New York World, reference to, 4
Nicolson, Harold, 17
Noël, Leon, 65
Nomura, Admiral Kichisaburo, 155, 156, 162, 164, 165, 169, 175
Norris, Senator George, 14
North Star, reference to film, 245
Norway, Nazi control of, 74
O’Connell, William Cardinal, 110
Office of War Information, 250, 251
Open Door policy in China, 150, 152, 216, 248
Operation Green, Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia, 53
Oumansky, Constantin, Soviet Ambassador to U. S., 138
Oxford Union, 48
Pacific Affairs, 254
Pact of Locarno, 28
Paderewski, Ignace, 245
Page, Walter Hines, 5, 8, 9, 13, 100
Panay, sinking of, 98, 151
Papen, Franz von, 10
Paris, Germans enter, 77
Pauley, Edwin W., 334, 347
Peace of Brest-Litovsk, 12
Peace terms, World War I, 16, 17
“Peace without victory” plea, 4, 11
Pearl Harbor, 145, 147, 148, 152, 153, 158, 165, 170, 259, 335; attack on, 174-76; effect of Russo-Japanese neutrality pact, 90; value to Roosevelt administration, 176
Perkins, Frances, 348; Roosevelt memoirs of, 187
Pershing, General John J., 113
Pétain, Marshal, 77, 80
Peter of Yugoslavia, 201
Pilsudski, Marshal Josef, 44
Pleven, René, 80
PM, 244, 246
Poland, 221-24, 226, 246, 250, 251, 323; alliance with Britain and France, 61, 68, 71; anti-Semitism, 266; British guarantee to, 346; British support of, 58, 59, 68; Committee of National Liberation, 274, 278; Communism in, 262, 281 ff.; Curzon Line in, 261, 270, 273, 279, 338; German aggression in, 70-72; government in London, 262; Hitler’s attack on, 263; Katyn massacre, 267-69; Nazi-Soviet partition of, 259-60; Paris, government in, 262; partition of, 208-9, 330; Potsdam agreement, 312 ff., 323; Provisional government of, 222; Soviet agreement with, 263; Soviet control in, 281 ff.; Soviet-German partition of, 67-68; Treaty with Nazi Germany, 44-46; Union of Polish Patriots, 263; U.S.S.R. in, 260-84; Western betrayal of, 258-84; Yalta partition of, 278, 279
Polish Committee of National Liberation, 274, 278
Polish Communist party, 262
Polish Corridor, 44, 57, 69
Polish-German frontier, postwar, 209
Polish government-in-London, 208
Polish nationalist revolt, 204
Polish Provisional Government, 278-79
Polish-Soviet agreement, 263
Popitz, Johannes, 293
Port Arthur, 214
Potemkin, Soviet Deputy Commissar for Foreign Affairs, 63
Potocki, Jerzy, Polish Ambassador to U. S., 60
Potsdam agreement, 209, 240, 311 ff.
Pravda, 242, 247
Problems of Leninism, 37
Proletariat, messianic role in Communism, 37
Quebec Conference, 192, 307
Quisling, Major Vidkun, 74
Radescu, 222
Reader’s Digest, 242
Red Cross, International, 267
Reichspressekammer, 327
Reparations Commission, 18
Report on the Russians, 242, 243
Report on the Winning of the War in Europe and the Pacific, 340-41
Reuben James, sinking of, 144
Reynaud, Paul, French Prime Minister, 77, 78
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 44, 45, 50, 56, 57, 66, 69, 70, 72, 86, 92, 160, 271
Rice, Sir Cecil Spring, British Ambassador to the U. S., 13
Richardson, Admiral James O., 352
Road to war: U. S., 124-47, 148-77
Rommel, Erwin, Field Marshal, 86, 298, 299
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 177
Roosevelt, Elliott, 286
Roosevelt and World War II, 92-231, 348 ff.; attacks neutrality stand (1939), 100; Charlottesville (Va.) speech, 78, 103, 104; death of, 224, 225; declaration of “unlimited national emergency,” 135; emphasizes U. S. neutrality, 97, 101-2; Far East policy, wartime. See Yalta Conference; first wartime meeting with Churchill, 139-41; foreign policies of, 185; German issue, 285 ff., 310; Germany, partition plan of, 301; interpretation of Greer incident, 143-44; motives for war, 348 ff.; opposes complete neutrality, 104, 105; opposition to arms embargo clause, 101; opposition to League of Nations membership, 97; pledge of all-out Allied aid, 127; Polish issue, 265, 271, 272, 276 ff.; pre-election promises of peace, 122-23; as prointerventionist, 113; promises aid to Allies, 78-79; at Quebec Conference, 307; “road to war” policies, 97-147; Russian policy, 182, 185, 186, 188-89, 190; secretive steps toward war, 129-31; “shoot-at-sight” proclamation, 143; Soviet appeasement policy, 198-99; steps toward war summarized, 147; support of Tito, 200; at Teheran Conference, 196, 202; third term, 124 ff.; Yalta concessions. See Yalta conference
Roosevelt, Theodore, 11
Roth, Andrew, 255
Ruhr industry, 303, 305, 307, 308
Rumania, Communism in, 221-23; Soviet occupation of, 204; Soviet threat to, 83
Rundstedt, Field Marshal von, 75
Russia, post-revolutionary, Provisional Government of, 26, 27; Soviets, rise of, 27
Russian communism, rise of, 27
Russian Revolution of 1917, 12
Russo-Japanese neutrality pact, effect on Pearl Harbor, 90
Safford, Captain L. F., testimony on Pearl Harbor, 171, 172
Sakhalin, 214
San Francisco Conference, 184, 280
Saturday Evening Post, The, 111, 187
Schulenburg, Werner von der, German Ambassador to Russia, 71, 81, 87, 88, 90, 92
Schuman plan, 354, 355
Schuschnigg, Dr. Kurt, Austrian dictator, 52
Seeds, Sir William, 64
Selective Service Act, enactment of, 143, 145
Service, John L., 255
Sherwood, Robert E., interventionist activities of, 113
Short, General Walter C., 158, 170, 171
Siegfried Line, 47
Sikorski, General Wladyslaw, 263-65, 268, 269, 271
Silvermaster, Nathan Gregory, 252
Slave labor, 34, 35, 210, 217, 314-15
Smigly-Rydz, Marshal, Polish Commander in Chief, 44
So Little Time quoted, 109, 110
Sonnett, Lieut. Commander John, 172
Song of Russia, 245
Soong, T. V., 166
Soviet blockade of Berlin, 229
Soviet-British agreement, 263
Soviet-Chinese Treaty of 1945, 199
Soviet-German nonaggression pact, 66-68, 72
Soviet-German peace discussions, 192-93
Soviet-German treaty (1939), 263
Soviet government, beginnings of, 12
Soviet Institute of Pacific Relations, 254
Soviet-Japanese neutrality agreement, 90
Soviet-Japanese Pact, implications of, 91
Soviet-Nazi alliance, collapse of, 86-92
Soviet-Nazi war, origins of, 93-94
Soviet-Polish agreement, 263
Soviet war crimes in occupied territory, 322 ff.
Soviet-Yugoslav pact, 90
Spaight, J. M., Assistant Secretary to British Air Ministry, 84
Spain, under Franco, 51, 52
Spanish Civil War, international character of, 51, 52
Special Committee on Atomic Energy, 253
Sphere of influence, 203, 204, 272
Stalin, Joseph, 28 ff., 71 ff., 81 ff, 271 ff.; China objectives of, 213, 214; control of Balkans, 203-4; efforts to appease Hitler, 91; Far Eastern demands, see Yalta Conference; German issue, 289 ff.; and Hopkins, 189-90; at Potsdam, 312; U. S. appeasement of, 182, 185, 188-90; war objectives of, 179-80, 209
Stalin-Hitler Pact, 198, 202, 203
Standley, Admiral, 113
Stark, Admiral Harold R., 129, 133, 144, 273, 352
State Department, 5; communism in, 253; Far Eastern Division, 255, 256; recall of Austrian Ambassador, 11
Stauffenberg, Klaus von, 298
Stettinius, Edward R., Jr., 184, 185, 207, 208, 347
Stilwell, General Joseph, 207
Stimson, Secretary of War Henry L., 105, 127-28, 132, 133, 146, 149, 168, 192, 328; calls for Neutrality Act repeal, 105; Morgenthau Plan, 307, 308; views on Pearl Harbor attack, 176
Stimson Doctrine, 149
Strang, William, 64
Strong, Anna Louise, 246, 247
Stülpnagel, General Heinrich von, 298
Subasic, Ivan, 201, 213
Sudeten Nazi party, 53
Sudetenland, 52, 54, 55, 314
Supreme Allied Council in Paris, 261
Sussex, torpedoing of, 6
Swing, Raymond Gram, 246, 247, 249
Sykes-Picot Agreement of 1916, 8
Taft, Senator Robert A., lend-lease critic, 129; opposes intervention, 118; opposes national emergency program, 137
Teheran Conference, 182, 196-202; German issue, 290, 301, 308, 332; partition of Poland, 182, 183, 185, 191; Polish issue, 271-74
Tell the West, 38
There Shall Be No Night, 74
Third Reich, gain of Saar Region, 46; treaty with Poland, 44-46
Thomas, Norman, 111; opposition to lend-lease, 129
Tito, Josef Broz, 200, 201, 213, 251, 259; rebellion against U.S.S.R., 204
Togo, Japanese Foreign Minister, 169
Tojo, General Hideki, 163
Totalitarianism, 31-37
Treaty of Locarno, 47
Treaty of Riga, 261, 262
Treaty of Versailles, 18-21, 47, 49, 56; failure of, 40-70
Trieste, 229, 230
Tripartite Pact, 90, 150, 178
Truman, Harry S., 225, 229, 342; distrust of U.S.S.R., 137; at Potsdam Conference, 312
Tukhachevsky, Marshal M. N., 245
Ukraine nationalist movement, 261, 262
Un-American Activities, House Committee on, 252
Underground, 146
Union of Polish Patriots, Soviet controlled, 263
U.S.S.R. (See also Russia); acquires Sakhalin, 214; aggression in Finland, 73-74; aggression in Lithuania, 68, 72; aid to Franco Spain, 51; Balkans control of, 203-4; beginnings of, 12; Bulgaria, occupation of, 204; China, 213-14; Communist aggression in China, 259; Communistic expansion of, 179-81; East European demands of, 64-65; efforts to appease Nazi attack, 91-92; German issue, 289 ff.; Germany, zone of occupation, 212; and Institute of Pacific Relations, 245; lend-lease to, 283; Nazi invasion into, 92-93; partition of Poland, 68, 72; in Poland, 260-84; and Port Arthur, 214; rebuff to Churchill’s appeal to check Germany, 81; reparations claims of, 209, 210; reversal of foreign policy with Nazi Germany, 61-62, 71-73; Rumania, occupation of, 204; U. S. aid to, 138-39; view of French capitulation, 82
United Nations, 185, 196, 208, 210, 217, 241, 248, 302, 311, 322, 336, 548; right of veto in, 210
UNRRA, 223
United States of America, aid to Soviet Russia, 138-39; appeasement to Russia, 346; Axis declaration of war on, 178; Communist sympathy, postwar, 232-37; diplomatic break with Germany, 13; effect of Soviet-Nazi conflict on, 93-94; Far East Policy, 347; prewar, 148-69; foreign trade, effect of World War I, 5; German issue, 285-310; Germany, zone of occupation, 212; Hague conventions, violation of, 107; Hull’s ten point message to Japan, 167, 169; interventionism in, 144-46; isolationism, 145-46; vs. interventionism, 108-119; Japanese proposal for peace, 165; lend-lease with Britain, 107-8, 119; Neutrality Act of 1937, 96, 98; Pearl Harbor, communications to, 170, 171; Polish issue, 258-84; post-World War II reactions in, 232; present foreign policy, 354-55; prewar economy of, 9; pro-Soviet sentiment in, 232 ff.; reaction to Baltic invasion by U.S.S.R., 82-83; Road to war: the Atlantic, 124—47; Road to war: the Pacific, 148-77; violation of Espionage Act, 107; war with Japan, 174-77, 259
United States Reparations Commission, 334
United States War Aims, 249
Utley, Freda, 109
Versailles, Treaty of, 18-21, 47, 49, 262; failure of, 40-70; veto in U. S. Senate, 20
Vincent, John Carter, 255
Vishinsky, 211, 222 Voroshilov, Marshal K. E., 65
Wadleigh, Julian Henry, 251
Walker, Frank, U. S. Postmaster General, 156
Wallace, Henry A., 235-37, 253
Walsh, Bishop James Edward, 156
War crimes trials, 292, 328-31
Warsaw, battle of, 274-75
Watterson, Henry (editor of Louisville Courier-Journal), 10
Welles, Sumner, 82, 89, 99, 101, 105, 270, 351; drafting of Atlantic Charter, 140; promises economic assistance to Soviet, 138
Weygand, General Maxime, 77
White, Harry Dexter, 252, 304
White, Henry, 17
White, William Allen, 21; chairman of Committee to Defend America, 111-12
Willkie, Wendell, 112, 128, 237-38; pre-election promises of peace, 121-22
Wilson, Edmund, 246
Wilson, Sir Horace, 70
Wilson, Hugh, American Ambassador to Germany, 99
Wilson, Woodrow, 3 ff., 96, 98, 349; appeal for neutrality, 3; Blueprint for Peace, 22-24; and declaration of war, 14; desire for international meditation, 4, 7, 8; Fourteen Points of, 15, 16, 22-23, 338, 339; peace program of, 15, 22-24; plea for “peace without victory,” 4, 11; statement of war aims, 14
Wilsonian principles, failure of, 17
Winant, Ambassador John G., 227, 229
Wohltat, Helmuth, 70
Woodring, Harry, U. S. Secretary of War, 100, 105
Woods, Sam E., American commercial attaché in Berlin, 89
World War I, Allied blockade during, 5, 6; Allied propagandists during, 9-10; effect on American foreign trade, 5; German submarine warfare of, 6, 9, 12; Paris peace conference, 3, 4, 17; peace terms of, 16-20; U. S. chauvinism during, 15; U. S. commission to negotiate peace, 17; U. S. declaration of war, 14; U. S. war aims, 14
World War II (See also Churchill, and Roosevelt), diplomatic blunders of, 346 ff.; in retrospect, 337 ff.
Yalta Conference, 198, 205, 206-21, 240, 251, 320, 321; in defense of, 217, 218; China issue, 213, 214; Dairen, internationalization of, 214; German issue, 302, 308, 332; Germany, partition of, 209; Japan’s peace proposals prior to, 218-20; Kurile Islands, 214; Manchuria, 214; Mongolia, 214; Poland, partition of, 208, 209; Polish issue, 271, 278-81; Port Arthur, 214; Sakhalin, 214; Yugoslavia, 213
Yamamoto, Admiral Isoruku, 165
Yarnell, Admiral Harry E., 113
Yogi and the Commissar, The, 249
Yugoslavia, 131, 132, 251; anti-Communist movement in, 199; Assembly of National Liberation, 213; Communist movement in, 200; pact with U.S.S.R., 90; revolt from within, 90; Tito rebellion, 204; Yalta agreement, 212, 213
Zacharias, Captain Ellis M., 219
Zimmerman, German Foreign Secretary, World War I, 13
