The Problem of Measuring the Utility Gained from Taxes
A common way of understanding the history of welfare economics goes something like this. The British economist A.C. Pigou in his The Economics of Welfare (1920) argued that progressive taxes increase social welfare. By the law of diminishing marginal utility, as you accumulate more dollars, each new dollar is worth less to you than the previous one. Doesn’t it follow, then, that that if money is taxed away from a rich person and given to a poor person, total social welfare will go up?