On January 1, some 300 million Europeans entered a new financial era. They surrendered their own currencies in coal-and-steel trading arrangement and expanded to a Common Market and the present European Community of fifteen countries. At a meeting in Maastricht, The Netherlands, in December 1991, the members decided to form a currency union with certain participation criteria--namely, national budget deficits of no
ranks as one of the world’s foremost diplomatic historians. He has specialized in European diplomacy during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but he is also the of powers. The system of international diplomacy that reached its highest point in Europe between the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and the onset of World War I in 1914 actual, contrast to the first principle, the European powers endeavored to act in union; they shunned unilateral initiatives and sought to achieve international
billions of US dollars) 1997 2000 2001 2002* United States -140 -445 -417 -435 EuropeanUnion 107 -28 29 30 Japan 97 119 89 110 Emerging Asia 20 92 99 78 (*) Forecast Source redirect trade and foreign direct investment from the United States to Eastern Europe and to other world regions. Table 2 Net long-term capital flows 1999–2001 (in
Socialist Medicine is Egalitarian It is no secret that most Canadians and Europeans consider themselves to be morally superior to Americans, especially when it that absolute equality is the most important social good, so if one Canadian (or European) must suffer from substandard medical care, then all Canadians should that “industrialization” itself is not a sign of civilization. The former Soviet Union was considered to be an “industrialized” nation, which may or may not have been
is a joke. Amtrak’s “high-speed” trains are much, much slower than their European and Japanese counterparts.) “Amtrak’s budget result was negative $109.5 careful cost controls, but rather by pols who want special trains to nowhere and union leaders who expect their members to receive raises regardless of the quality of
and a decade of respectable economic growth. And yet, as with other East European countries, the privatization was far from complete. Communications were only The health sector was cleaned up but left mostly in government hands. Labor unions managed to retain huge legal privileges, and there was no active market for labor controls. It’s true that they are no more severe than those in the U.S . or Europe , but Poland can scarcely afford such nonsense after the impoverishment of
reduce the number of people working for you. There are still incredibly powerful unions that mandate the wage level for entire industries nationwide. A whole class of Eucken, and in others. Today, many still have not understood that the days of the European cradle-to-grave welfare state are numbered. And sometimes it is hard to see light, the comparative position of the United States versus most of contemporary Europe (France!) does not seem all that bad, does it?
central planning, not only has Castro’s rule survived the breakdown of the Soviet Union but the government has been able to establish new trade relations and foreign direct investment agreements with several European countries, Canada, and the transition countries in Eastern Europe and in Asia. Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez is a declared friend of Fidel Castro, and
von Hayek, Röpke was a key intellectual architect of postwar prosperity in Europe. Ludwig Erhard, economic director in postwar western Germany (and later thinkers of the newly created Christian Democratic movement, the strongest European voice for resistance to the next totalitarian menace, the expansionist Soviet Union. While remaining a strong advocate of the free market, Röpke was also a keen
hecho el sistema capitalista liberal democrático anteriormente relacionado con la Europa central y del norte (y sus retoños) hoy está cada vez más asociado también con que serían trabajadores anónimos. La otra afecta a Trotsky, el refugiado de la Unión Soviética de Stalin, que fue recibido por Frida Kahlo y Diego Rivera en México. seguido un camino distinto. (Por supuesto, durante la década de 1930, Stalin y su Unión Soviética se veían de forma bastante idolatrada entre las élites intelectuales
What is the Mises Institute?
The Mises Institute is a non-profit organization that exists to promote teaching and research in the Austrian School of economics, individual freedom, honest history, and international peace, in the tradition of Ludwig von Mises and Murray N. Rothbard.
Non-political, non-partisan, and non-PC, we advocate a radical shift in the intellectual climate, away from statism and toward a private property order. We believe that our foundational ideas are of permanent value, and oppose all efforts at compromise, sellout, and amalgamation of these ideas with fashionable political, cultural, and social doctrines inimical to their spirit.