The 14th amendment is redundant because the constitution already guaranteed rights to blacks, women, and those under the age of 18. Everytime i read the constitution I see "people" written everywhere, not "white men over the age of 18 years". The problem is that the supreme court failed to enforce their civil rights in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857).
So the 14th amendment is good in that it finally put some teeth into the enforcement for civil liberties of black americans, but because it was redundant it really weakend the constitution overall.
The real culprit here is the Supreme Court. It has failed time and again to properly enforce the plain language of the constitution. It failed to properly enforce rights of blacks in Dred Scott v. Sandford, it later failed in allowing the seperate but equal doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), it failed to properly apply the 2nd amendment in United States v. Miller (1939), it failed again allowing the racial curfews and interment of japanese americans in Hirabayashi v. United States/Yasui v. United States (1943), it failed to properly apply eminent domain in Kelo v. City of New London (2005), and most recently the court wiped its ass with the constitution with a pair of rulings on the same day in (2007) in Morse v. Frederick and Federal Election Comm'n v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. where unbelievably the justices decided that an actual person standing on a public street holding a sign does NOT enjoy freedom of speech while at the same time a corporation -- which is not a person -- DOES have freedom of speech. (yes i intentionally made all that one sentence)
I give the framers much credit for their forethought when drafting the constitution and later the bill of rights. On paper it appears that making supreme court justices life tenured would insulate them from the political whims of the day. In practice however this has been a complete failure as the court seems totally incapable of understanding the plain language of the document.
If i was a black person in 1857 (or 1896, or even today if you happen to be brown and from the middle east) I too would have had zero confidence in the courts ability to correctly interpret the constitution. Unless the court later reversed its earlier decision -- which they almost never do because they like Precedent so much -- or the federal government stepped in to enforce their rights, the only other option blacks had was a slave revolt. Unfortunately blacks didn't have any 2nd amendment rights making revolt extremely difficult for them. Again, although the 14th created long-term problems of diluting the constitution, it was necessary to end slavery in the United States as the court wasn't going to do it.
~don